Hepatitis B is one of the infectious diseases with the highest incidence rate in China, and its mortality rate ranks among the top three reported infectious diseases in China. There are about 120 million hepatitis B virus carriers in China. The annual direct medical expenses for liver diseases in China are as high as more than 100 billion yuan. The incidence of hepatitis B in our province is also on the rise, and the incidence of hepatitis B is higher than the national average. The epidemic of hepatitis B is seriously endangering public health. Hepatitis B can be prevented, but the public doesn’t know enough about it. Therefore, it has become the unshirkable responsibility of the whole society to popularize the knowledge of hepatitis B prevention and improve their self-care awareness and self-protection ability.

　　　　How big is the source of hepatitis B infection in China?

　　　　On September 3, the reporter learned from the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as the "Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention") that China has a large population and is a high-prevalence area of hepatitis B (hereinafter referred to as "hepatitis B"), and about 120 million people are carriers of hepatitis B virus. Among the hepatitis B virus carriers, about 20 million to 30 million people are chronic hepatitis B patients. Every year, about 300,000 people die from liver diseases related to hepatitis B virus infection, such as severe hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, the incidence of hepatitis B in our province has also shown a gradual upward trend, and the incidence of hepatitis B is higher than the national average. From January to July this year alone, the incidence of hepatitis B ranked first in the number of legally reported infectious diseases in our province. From January to July this year, the incidence of hepatitis B in the province was 1248 cases, 785 cases, 1423 cases, 1225 cases, 1205 cases, 1237 cases and 1393 cases respectively.

　　　　According to experts from the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the source of infection of hepatitis B virus mainly comes from acute and chronic hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatitis B virus mainly propagates in human liver cells. Hepatitis B virus is also propagated in other organs and tissues of human body, such as endothelial cells, kidneys, white blood cells, pancreas, muscles and germ cells (referring to sperm) on the inner surface of small blood vessels, and a small amount of hepatitis B virus is found in muscles (smooth muscles) on intestines. Therefore, hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers can’t supply blood, and their organs are not suitable for donation after death, because their organs all carry hepatitis B virus.

　　　　The expert went on to say that the main ways of hepatitis B transmission include blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission. Once hepatitis B virus enters the damaged skin mucosa, it can cause new infection. Mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B virus or patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B can spread to their own children in the fetal period, perinatal period and infancy. Experts estimate that 30%-40% of hepatitis B virus carriers in China originate from the spread of such mothers. This infection is very dangerous and serious. Because 90% of infected people can become hepatitis B virus carriers. The relationship between hepatitis B virus and liver cancer is very close, especially familial liver cancer is mostly related to hepatitis B virus infection. The mother is a carrier of hepatitis B virus, and most of her children are infected in childhood and become carriers of hepatitis B virus. It takes about 30-50 years for hepatitis B virus carriers to develop into liver cancer. Once infants and young children are infected with hepatitis B virus, they will become the main population with liver cancer in the future. Therefore, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine must be given to the baby within 24 hours after birth in order to effectively block the infection of hepatitis B virus.

　　　　What are the clinical symptoms of hepatitis B?

　　　　According to experts from the provincial CDC, the average incubation period of hepatitis B is 6 weeks, but it may be as long as 6 months. Children are often asymptomatic after infection. But compared with adults, most children can become carriers of hepatitis B virus. Symptomatic hepatitis B patients will feel weak, have stomach upset and other flu-like symptoms, and also have dark urine color or grayish white feces, common jaundice (yellow skin or yellow sclera), and the symptoms can last for weeks or months. Most adults can fully recover from acute hepatitis B virus infection, but many children will become hepatitis B virus carriers. Patients with acute hepatitis B have lifelong immunity to the disease after rehabilitation (without becoming chronic carriers). If there are unexplained symptoms such as burnout, fatigue, loss of appetite, liver pain, hepatomegaly, tapping pain in liver area, jaundice, dark urine color, etc., liver disease examination and hepatitis B serological test should be done.

　　　　How to prevent hepatitis B

　　　　According to experts from the provincial CDC, two measures can be taken to prevent hepatitis B? Don’t use blood and blood products that haven’t been tested for hepatitis B in life and collective environment as much as possible, don’t go to black dens to donate blood, don’t have homosexual behavior and whoring behavior, don’t use unclean syringes, acupuncture needles, dental drills and endoscopes and other interventional medical instruments, and don’t share razors, ear needles, tattoo needles, toothbrushes and other instruments. In addition, it is to inoculate hepatitis B vaccine to improve its own immune antibody level.

　　　　Hepatitis B vaccine is suitable for all people.

　　　　Who is suitable for hepatitis B vaccination? According to experts from the provincial CDC, hepatitis B vaccine is also the only vaccine that can prevent liver cancer. Vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is the core strategy to prevent hepatitis B. In addition to neonatal immunization, preschool children, adults and high-risk groups of hepatitis B should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine.

　　　　He said that the first group of people is newborns, which is the most important group to receive hepatitis B vaccine immunization. Because if you are infected by hepatitis B virus during this period, 90% of you can become asymptomatic infected and hepatitis B virus carriers, and the consequences are very serious. 30% of liver cancer related to hepatitis B virus infection comes from hepatitis B virus infection in newborns, and a large proportion of them develop into chronic hepatitis. Therefore, neonatal immunization is the most important thing to prevent hepatitis B. Since 2003, our government has provided free hepatitis B vaccine for newborns, and stipulated that all newborns must receive hepatitis B vaccine immunization, which is the right of children and the obligation of parents.

　　　　The second group of people are children under 6 years old. Infants infected with hepatitis B are easy to become carriers of hepatitis B virus. The younger the infection age, the greater the probability of persistent infection. After such children are infected with hepatitis B virus, 30%-70% of them can also become carriers of hepatitis B virus, and they will easily develop into chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer in adulthood.

　　　　The third group of people are doctors, especially doctors in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, dentistry and otolaryngology, laboratory workers engaged in serum testing and all nurses. Anyone who has not been infected with hepatitis B virus should be vaccinated. Besides protecting yourself, it can also protect the safety of patients. In addition, if there are hepatitis B patients or hepatitis B virus carriers at home, their family members should be vaccinated against hepatitis B to avoid infection.

　　　　The fourth group of people are those who are engaged in heavy physical labor and are easy to cause labor injuries.

　　　　The fifth group of people is people with low immune function. For example, after tumor surgery, people who take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time, renal dialysis patients, and blood patients who often need blood transfusion and blood products are in poor health and have low resistance. Once they are infected with hepatitis B virus, the consequences are very serious, so they should be vaccinated with high doses of hepatitis B vaccine.

　　　　The sixth group of people are the army, college students of certain majors, etc. However, there are also some people who can’t get hepatitis B vaccine and don’t need it. If a person with a fever can’t be vaccinated, wait until his fever has gone down. Secondly, people with allergies, that is, people who are allergic to many things should use hepatitis B vaccine with caution. There are already protective antibodies in the body, and people with high levels do not need to be immunized again. However, if the antibody level is very low, it is still a suitable target for vaccine immunization.

　　　　Three needles, protect the child’s life!

　　　　On September 3rd, the reporter learned that according to the actual situation in our province, the Provincial Health Department, in cooperation with the China Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Foundation, will give free hepatitis B vaccine to 500,000 school-age children in Haidong, Haixi and Yushu from September this year to May next year, so that more than 95% of school-age children in primary schools in the province can get free hepatitis B vaccination, thus making Qinghai one of the provinces that have completed hepatitis B vaccination for school-age children nationwide. Therefore, experts from relevant departments in our province especially remind the public that hepatitis B can evolve into chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, and hepatitis B vaccine can indirectly prevent liver cancer. Therefore, after three shots of hepatitis B vaccine are given in newborns and childhood, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer can be prevented. After the child is born, he should be given three injections according to the procedure of 0, 1 and 6 months stipulated by the national immunization plan, that is, the first injection should be given within 24 hours after birth, the second injection should be given at one month and the third injection should be given at six months. Adults and children can be vaccinated according to the procedures of 0, 1 and 6 months, which can protect you and your child’s life. (Author: Wang Xiaohong)

Editor: Tian Shijia

　　The State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference on the afternoon of December 20th, inviting experts from immunization program, virology, respiratory and infectious diseases, children’s health and other fields to attend, introducing the medical services for key populations. Pay attention together!

—— About the treatment of illness—

　　Is it necessary for people to use COVID-19’s specific drugs, and can they take them by themselves?

　　Several antiviral drugs were recommended in the ninth edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan, including monoclonal antibodies, nematvir, and azvudine added later. The early use of these antiviral drugs may reduce the occurrence of severe diseases, shorten the course of disease and shorten the time of virus detoxification.At present, these three antiviral drugs are still emphasized to be used in medical institutions and under the guidance of doctors. In particular, monoclonal antibodies need to be administered intravenously and used during hospitalization, which is not suitable for use in outpatient clinics or at home.Naimatevir is a small molecule antiviral drug, which can effectively reduce the risk of severe illness, and the indications are mild and common.When using, we should pay special attention to the interaction between drugs. Some drugs, such as simvastatin and amiodarone, which are being used by the elderly with basic diseases, can’t use drugs such as nimatvir.Therefore, it is emphasized that this drug should also be used under the guidance of a doctor. Azvudine is also a small molecule antiviral drug, which is used to treat AIDS. It is found that it can shorten the course of disease, reduce the virus level and improve symptoms during the treatment in COVID-19, so it is also approved for marketing and can be used in COVID-19. Similarly,This drug also has some precautions, including that pregnant women can’t use it.,Use with caution if there is severe or moderate liver and kidney damage.Therefore, it is emphasized that it should be used under the guidance of a doctor.

　　What are the taboos in the use of common drugs after infection?

　　Generally, after being infected with Covid-19, people use more drugs called symptomatic drugs, that is, they have fever and general pain, and use some antipyretic and analgesic drugs. If you have sore throat, cough and expectoration, and gastrointestinal symptoms, use some corresponding symptomatic drugs. Some are prescribed by doctors, and some may be purchased by themselves.We must be optimistic about the instructions, dosage, frequency of use and other precautions.Some medicine,For example, acetaminophen is a commonly used antipyretic and analgesic, and its contraindication is that patients with severe liver and renal insufficiency should be banned.. For example, there are some people,People with recurrent digestive tract ulcers and bleeding, pregnant or lactating women or people who are allergic to certain antipyretic and analgesic drugs should also be cautious.. When you are advised to use these drugs again,Don’t drink alcohol or alcoholic beverages.. I hope that when you use these symptomatic drugs,Try to use simpler medicine.Because different drugs may sometimes interact with each other, which may increase the potential adverse side effects. There are also patients who have this tendency. In order to control the symptoms quickly, it is not recommended to double the dosage of the drug.Because doubling the dosage of the drug may not be effective, but it increases the burden on the liver and increases the side effects.Some Chinese patent medicines or soup medicines can also improve symptoms and have a certain rehabilitation effect. You can also choose them.

　　It is not recommended to cover the sweat to reduce the fever of the baby.

　　In fact, acetaminophen is the only antipyretic drug that children from 2 months to 6 months can choose. Children under 2 months cannot take antipyretics orally.Therefore, it has always been suggested that babies under 2 months, including newborns, must be sent to the hospital in time if they have a fever, so that medical staff can help the children.

　　It is not recommended to give a baby a fever by covering his sweat.The reason is that the development of baby’s thermoregulation center is not perfect, and skin heat dissipation is a very important way to reduce fever. If these children are covered with too many clothes or covers, they will have no way to dissipate heat through the skin. In the case of heat, their body temperature may be higher and higher, even reaching more than 40 degrees, which is not uncommon in clinic.And some children may have severe heat syndrome.Serious complications such as respiratory failure, dehydration, nervous system injury and even life-threatening may occur. Therefore, when these children have a fever, in addition to the help of medical staff,We should try our best to create a relatively cool and ventilated environment for children and reduce clothing appropriately to improve their comfort..

　　What should parents do if the child has febrile convulsion?

　　Febrile convulsion is a very common emergency in pediatric emergency. Respiratory infection caused by virus is the most common cause of febrile convulsion in our children.The age of children mainly involved is between 6 months and 5 years old, which usually occurs in the first 24 hours of fever, especially in the period of rapid temperature rise, and febrile convulsions are most likely to occur.Under normal circumstances, the child’s body temperature may reach above 38.5 degrees. Children with febrile convulsions usually show stiff limbs or shaking, clenched teeth, tilted eyes or upturned eyes, which may be accompanied by cyanosis of the lips. At this time, there may be no response to external stimuli. In the event of febrile convulsion, parents are advised to do the following.

　　First,Lay the child flat on a flat bed, table or floor.Don’t have sharp things around you, mainly to prevent the child from falling and secondary injury during the seizure.

　　Second,You can unbutton your child’s collar and keep his respiratory tract unobstructed..

　　Third, you can tilt your child’s head to one side. If possible,Keep the child lying on the right side,In case the child vomits, aspiration will lead to suffocation.

　　In the whole process, remind parents that there are several things not to do. First of all,Don’t put anything in your mouth when the child has a seizure., including spoon handles, chopsticks, fingers of adults, etc., because this may cause damage to children or adults themselves. Second, during the seizure,Don’t feed your child anything, including medicine and water.. Third, during the seizure,Don’t try to bind the child’s limbs.Don’t let his limbs twitch, because this may cause secondary injuries to his limbs. Fourth, so far,There is no evidence that pinching people can shorten the seizure time of children.On the contrary, parents may be particularly nervous and exert too much force during the seizure, thus causing soft tissue damage in this part of the child, so parents are not advised to pinch their children.

　　When the child has convulsions,To reduce unnecessary stimulation.. In general,The duration of children’s febrile convulsion is 3 to 5 minutes, and it can stop by itself. When the convulsion stops, the child can be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.However, if the child has had a state of convulsion in the past, or this episode has been more than 5 minutes, then in this process, the possibility of the child’s convulsion stopping on its own will be relatively small. Parents are advised to send the child to the hospital as soon as possible.

　　For the vast majority of children, febrile convulsions will not affect the development of the nervous system and will not leave behind sequelae of the nervous system, so parents need not worry too much.At present, there is no evidence that taking antipyretics in advance has a preventive effect on children with a history of febrile convulsions. At the same time, because the child’s body temperature rises very quickly, there is basically no way to prevent the occurrence of febrile convulsions.

　　Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should go to the hospital for further diagnosis and treatment after they are infected with COVID-19.

　　Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease in China. The common symptoms of patients are cough and expectoration, sometimes accompanied by dyspnea, and often upper respiratory tract infection leads to the aggravation of the original symptoms. So when should I go to the hospital for further treatment? The first rule isContinue to have a fever, take conventional antipyretic and analgesic drugs, and the body temperature will not drop for more than two days.; The second isThe patient has listlessness, lethargy, listlessness and even unconsciousness, or some signs, such as cyanosis of the lips and edema of the lower limbs;The third isThe patient developed dyspnea, shortness of breath, wheezing,If the breathing frequency exceeds 30 beats/min, this is a sign of shortness of breath; Fourth, if there is a home percutaneous oxygen saturation monitor,Monitoring indicates that the patient’s oxygen saturation is ≤93%.It also suggests that there may be hypoxia; Fifth, after using some emergency drugs, such as bronchodilators, the symptoms of patients are not relieved or further aggravated; Sixth, patients with other symptoms, such as severe gastrointestinal symptoms, inability to eat, weakness, inability to walk, etc., all need to go to the hospital for further treatment.

　　How should patients with respiratory diseases be treated at home once they are infected with COVID-19?

　　If patients with chronic respiratory diseases have COVID-19, first of all, don’t panic, have a normal rest, drink plenty of water, eat balanced and digestible foods such as vegetables and fruits, and so on. Second, do some symptomatic treatment, such as fever, body aches, sore throat, cough, expectoration, etc., that is, take analgesics or drugs to treat sore throat, cough and phlegm. After all, patients with respiratory diseases are people with basic diseases, so they need to monitor their symptoms at home, especially cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and dyspnea. Third, some respiratory symptoms sometimes get worse during infection, even if it is common flu, common cold or virus infection. At this time, some symptomatic drugs should be used first.For example, if the symptoms of dyspnea and dyspnea get worse at once, first use some short-acting bronchodilators for emergency treatment. You can spray 1-2 inhalations at a time, and then inhale 1-2 inhalations every 20 minutes, with no more than 6-8 inhalations in the first hour.. If the symptoms gradually improve or stabilize through this symptomatic treatment, you can continue to observe the symptoms at home. If the symptoms change further, you can go to the doctor again. Fourth,Routine medication must be adhered to.. Fifth,To monitor oxygen saturation at home in time,Know whether the condition has changed in time.

About vaccination—

　　What do you think of the saying that "it is better for young people to be vaccinated than to be infected with Omicron"?

　　Although the pathogenicity of Omicron strain which is popular at present is weakened compared with other variants which were popular in the past. However, after being infected with Omicron mutant, there is still the risk of serious illness and death.This risk of serious illness and death will be reflected at all ages.It’s just that the risk of serious illness and death of the elderly, which we emphasized in the past, will be higher in the whole population. In addition, the proportion of people with basic diseases will be higher.

　　At present, many studies have shown that,Compared with those who have completed the whole course or strengthened immunization with Covid-19 vaccine, the risk of hospitalization or severe illness and death of those who have not been vaccinated is quite different, including young people and adults. If this risk exists to a certain extent, it can be reduced by vaccination. Therefore, it is suggested that those who have not been vaccinated should be vaccinated, and those who have not completed the enhanced vaccination should complete the enhanced vaccination as soon as possible.Whether it is the elderly, adults or young people, the risk is reduced to a relatively low level..

　　Can people who have recently recovered from infection be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine?

　　If Covid-19 has been confirmed recently,Covid-19 vaccination is not recommended in the near future.. At present, the immune protection produced by simple infection is not as strong as the mixed immune protection produced by infection and vaccination, so if vaccination is needed in the later stage, it is recommended to vaccinate. How long is this interval? According to the current technical guidelines for vaccination in Covid-19,If Covid-19 is diagnosed, the time between infection and Covid-19 vaccination should be more than 6 months.Of course, our immunization strategy will be continuously improved and adjusted with the understanding of diseases, vaccines and the need for disease control.

　　Can cancer patients be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine?

　　As for cancer patients, due to illness and chemotherapy, the immunity of some people will be low, which will increase the risk of serious illness and death. So, in this case,These patients need to be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine to be protected, and they are also among the priority groups for vaccination..

　　The clinical manifestations of cancer are actually varied, and the treatment process is also very complicated.Whether cancer patients who are in the onset or in the treatment stage can be vaccinated depends on the judgment of relevant professionals.. Because of the low immune function, the immune protection reaction of cancer patients after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine may not be as strong as that of healthy people. In the "Work Plan for Strengthening Vaccination in Covid-19 for the Elderly", it is also specifically mentioned that "all localities should scientifically evaluate contraindications, and the specific reasons for those who do have contraindications should be clarified one by one", which is also applicable to the current evaluation of contraindications for cancer patients.

　　It’s been a long time since the whole immunization was completed. Is it still useful to carry out intensive immunization now?

　　After vaccination in Covid-19, there is a protective effect, one is to produce antibodies, the other is to produce cellular immunity and immune memory. After vaccination, the antibody level will decrease with the passage of time. In addition, with the variation of the virus, the immune escape is also enhanced, which further weakens the role of antibodies. But,Cellular immunity, especially in preventing severe illness and death, plays a lasting role..

　　Studies have shown that,Vaccination with booster needles can arouse the immune memory cells of the body on the one hand, and improve the antibody level on the other hand, further consolidating the preventive effect on severe illness and death.. Therefore, it is emphasized that those who have not completed the booster immunization should complete the booster immunization as soon as possible in accordance with the provisions of the immunization program as long as they meet the vaccination conditions.

About strain variation—

　　If a new mutant appears, there is still the risk of reinfection.

　　Now we are infected with BF.7 and BA.5.2,If a new mutant appears, there is still the risk of reinfection.. At present, from the data,The risk of reinfection or reinfection of Omicron strain is higher than that of the original strain, including higher than Delta and the original strain.. Judging from the time when the secondary infection appears, there is usually an interval, and it will not be said that it will be reinfected soon after infection.The probability of reinfection of the same strain is extremely low. Even if infected, there will be no obvious symptoms, which are generally mild.. Secondary infection mainly refers to the breakthrough infection of mutant, and the time interval of breakthrough infection is closely related to clinical manifestations. The shorter the interval, the lighter the symptoms, and the more severe the symptoms after the interval, which is directly related to the antibody immunity in the body. A study in Sweden also found that,After being infected with Omicron strain, the symptoms of secondary infection or tertiary infection with different strains in Omicron are very mild, and they are basically asymptomatic infected people or mild cases..

　　Of course, we should also pay attention to some elderly people. For example, we have done a study on American veterans. Among the elderly veterans, after the second infection, some patients do get worse or even die.Therefore, despite the infection, after the emergence of a new virus epidemic strain, personal protection should be done, especially for the elderly and those with basic diseases.In addition, it is very clear that vaccination in Covid-19 can effectively reduce the risk of severe illness and death. A study in Italy found that vaccination can reduce the incidence of secondary infection and reduce the probability of hospitalization after infection. So,The elderly and those with basic diseases should also emphasize vaccination..

　　What is the pathogenicity of BQ.1 and XBB strains, and will it trigger a new round of epidemic in China?

　　BQ.1 and XBB are new branches of variation in Omicron. Internationally, it has been gradually shown in some European and American countries that they are dominant strains.The main manifestation is the increase of transmission ability and immune escape ability, but its pathogenicity is not obviously different from other series of variants in Omicron.The severe illness rate and mortality rate have not increased significantly in these countries where BQ.1 and XBB are prevalent.In recent three months, BF.7, BQ.1 and XBB have been detected in China.A total of more than 130 subfamilies from Omicron were imported into China, and these 50 subfamilies caused related local cases or outbreaks.The whole BQ.1 and XBB have not yet formed a dominant communication in China (at present, BA.5.2 and BF.7 are still the main ones).However, its propagation advantages will gradually increase, and it may form a common cycle with BA.5.2 and BF.7, as well as other sub-branches with more than 50 inputs.

　　The prevention of BQ.1 and XBB is actually the same as other Omicron mutants, that is, to monitor whether its pathogenicity has changed or not, and whether its genome has further variation. If its clinical characteristics have changed, we will link it with the genome characteristics for judgment.However, there is no report that BQ.1 and XBB cause serious illness and death at home and abroad..

　　It is less likely that a highly contagious and highly pathogenic strain will appear.

　　From the appearance of Omicron in November 2021 to December 18, 2022,There are 709 sub-branches in the world, which have evolved from the five branches of BA.1 to BA.5., including recombinant strains, there are 72 strains produced by recombination between these subfamilies, and XBB is one of these 72 strains. Therefore, the variation of Omicron will continue. As long as it circulates in the crowd, it will replicate, and replication will mutate. The genetic variation of the virus itself may lead to the change of some antigenic epitopes and increase its immune escape ability. So the variation trend in Omicron is,Those with strong immune escape ability are dominant.. Immune escape makes people susceptible to this strain, even if its spreading power is not enhanced, its spreading advantage will still increase.

　　Will it increase its spreading power and lethality? This possibility is relatively small.The cases of hospitalization, death and severe illness caused by Omicron were significantly lower than those caused by early Delta strain and other VOC variants. Therefore, no significant increase in severity and death was observed throughout more than 700 branches.Therefore, on the whole, it is less likely that the pathogenicity will increase significantly. It is even less likely that it will have a more infectious and lethal strain. Nowadays, people have obtained a certain degree of immunity through vaccines or natural infections, which has good protection for people. Even if the virus mutates again, the risk of transmission will increase unless some subversive recombination leads to complete immune escape, but this possibility is relatively small.Therefore, on the whole, it is unlikely that there will be strains with high infectivity and high pathogenicity.

　　What are the monitoring methods for epidemic mutant strains in China at present?

　　After the optimization of the national COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control strategy, China CDC Institute of Virology formulated the Work Plan for Monitoring Covid-19 Mutant in Chinese Population according to the co-circulation of several Covid-19 subtypes in China. Scheme requirementsChoose three cities in each province and one sentinel hospital in each city. Each sentinel hospital takes samples of 15 emergency cases, 10 severe cases and all deaths every week for genome sequencing and analysis, and uploads the sequencing data to CDC Virology Institute in China within one week, and we establish the national Covid-19 genome database.. Through the implementation of this scheme, the epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 Omicron series mutants in China and the composition ratio of each subtype can be dynamically monitored in real time, and new mutants with potential biological characteristics change, including clinical manifestations, transmission power, pathogenicity and so on. It provides scientific basis for vaccine development and diagnostic reagent evaluation (including nucleic acid and antigen, etc.).

-other-

　　How to treat the saying that "Erwin Engst is good early"?

　　Although Omicron is highly contagious, most of it is self-limited after infection, and its pathogenicity or severity is relatively low, butIntentional infection is not advocated or recommended.. Also emphasize that,The elderly, those with basic diseases, especially those who have not been vaccinated, must be well protected from infection in the first round of epidemic peak.. At this epidemic peak, there may be problems of uneven distribution of medical resources or a run, which will lead to the failure of timely and effective treatment for critically ill patients. We still hope that these elderly people will be well protected, including those in nursing homes and those who are bedridden with basic diseases. Everyone should pay special attention to avoid infection. At the same time, those who have not been vaccinated will continue to be vaccinated.

　　At the stage of the first round of rapid epidemic growth, with the passage of time, the number of infected people will increase, and the rapid upward trend will slow down, which is a universal law. But,After a period of time, with the extensive development of large-scale social activities, including Spring Festival travel rush or various social activities, there may be a new round of epidemic. The wave appearance of this epidemic may eventually form a certain group immune barrier, and the incidence rate will drop significantly..

　　What are the criteria for judging COVID-19’s death at present?

　　Different from the epidemic situation in Wuhan in early 2020, most patients died of respiratory failure in COVID-19 at that time. Now, after Omicron virus infection, the proportion of pneumonia in upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract is relatively low, and some patients have pneumonia, but the cases leading to respiratory failure are rare. As seen from clinical practice,At present, the main cause of death after Omicron virus infection is basic disease, and respiratory failure caused by Covid-19 infection is rare..

　　In order to reflect the deaths caused by the COVID-19 epidemic scientifically, objectively and realistically, National Health Commission recently organized experts to demonstrate and issued a notice, clearly classifying the related deaths scientifically. Mainly in two aspects,Pneumonia and respiratory failure caused by Covid-19 are the primary diagnosis of death, which is classified as death caused by Covid-19 infection.; Death caused by other diseases and basic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and myocardial infarction, is not classified as death caused by COVID-19. In order to better standardize the judgment of death caused by COVID-19 epidemic, it is required to adopt the way of consultation and death case discussion to finally judge whether the patient died of COVID-19 or other basic diseases.

　　In the view of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Commissioner Wang Meihua, it is difficult for teenagers to resist the temptation of online games, because the highlight of online game design is that people are addicted to it, and attraction is its goal.

　　[2018 National Conference Special Report Escort the Future]

　　Future Network, Beijing, March 12 (Reporter He Zhuohui, Liao Jin) On the one hand, the overall revenue of online games reached 218.96 billion yuan, which is equivalent to the good news of the global box office, and on the other hand, the tragedy of the sudden death of a 12-year-old boy addicted to online games. Behind the rapid development and prosperity of online games, is it at the expense of the physical and mental health of teenagers? During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, teenagers became addicted to online games, which triggered a heated discussion among NPC deputies and CPPCC members. Some members even angrily denounced: "Online games should be killed with a stick!"

　　Hu Wanning, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and president of Tangshan People’s Hospital, thinks online games are psychotropic drugs. Future Network reporter He Zhuohui photo

　　"Online games are psychotropic drugs." Hu Wanning, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and president of Tangshan People’s Hospital, said that online games should be controlled like drugs.

　　Hu Wanning was "deeply touched" by the problem of online games because he saw some children addicted to online games and almost didn’t graduate from college.

　　He believes that teenagers don’t benefit much from the game itself, and it is very likely that they will spend the best time of their youth in the game and be depressed. Hu Wanning is worried that online games are highly addictive. "If left unchecked, our younger generation will be really unimaginable.". The harm is not limited to young individuals. Hu Wanning also pointed out that "even some online games may be infiltrated into China by some countries with anti-China purposes."

　　In the view of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Commissioner Wang Meihua, it is difficult for teenagers to resist the temptation of online games, because the highlight of online game design is that people are addicted to it, and attraction is its goal.

　　However, Ma Huateng, deputy to the National People’s Congress and CEO of Tencent, has different views. He pointed out that online games should not be demonized blindly, but the positive value of games can be further exerted. With the recent popularity of ‘ Jump ’ For example, he said that many elderly people reported that they felt good and prevented brain dementia, and thought the game was "quite fun and simple".

　　Also engaged in network technology, Ding Lei, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman and CEO of Netease Company, further analyzed and pointed out that children playing online games are lonely, and they lack better TV dramas and audio books suitable for children. At the same time, there is also a lack of other social activities. He does not exclude teenagers from playing online games, but also said that he would personally choose online games for his daughter to try out.

　　Not long ago, Netease announced its unaudited financial results for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2017. The data shows that Netease’s net income in 2017 was 54.102 billion yuan, of which the net income from online game services was 36.282 billion yuan, an increase of 29.7% compared with 2016.

　　Both Netease and Tencent are profit-makers in the game industry, emphasizing the positive side of online games. Wang Jianguo, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of CCTV’s recording channel, thinks that their statements are hypocritical. "They emphasize the positive side of [online games]. For merchants, it is a bit hypocritical for you to emphasize only the positive side. " Wang Jianguo said.

　　In life, Wang Jianguo saw a living example of the harm of online games. "I have a friend, the couple are schoolmasters, one is from Tsinghua and the other is from Peking University, but their children can’t get into key middle schools, and their academic performance has been poor." Wang Jianguo explained the reason: children are addicted to one of the most popular mobile online games.

　　Although Ma Huateng mentioned in the interview that the Youth Growth Guarding Platform launched by tencent games has been running for one year, many parents are using it now, and the effect is obvious. In addition, in last year’s hit game "the glory of the king", Tencent also launched a health system, which allowed children under 12 to play only one hour a day and not play games after 9 pm.

　　Li Yanhong, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and founder of Baidu, also said that it is necessary to control the length of online games played by teenagers through software programs. However, Wang Jianguo believes that besides strict restrictions on the time of games, the content of online games, including the excitement of making teenagers addicted and fascinated, should also be studied one by one.

　　Li Yanhong said that at the same time, legislation should be followed up, and more legislative actions are needed in relevant legal provisions, especially in protecting the physical and mental health of young people. For online games, special expert committees are needed to define the advantages and disadvantages.

　　One side shouted strict control, and the other side cleared the name for online games. Whether online games are evil or not, should they be killed with a stick? Which is better, blocking or dredging?

　　"It is better to guide properly by blocking." Hu Wei, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, believes that online games are not necessarily bad for all children. Parents have the greatest responsibility to keep their children from indulging and being led by the nose by online games.

　　Parents need to attach importance to family education, give their children a lot of companionship, have more communication with their children, know what their children lack and need to make up, and guide their children appropriately through communication and interaction, so that they can distinguish when to play, when not to play, when to study and when to do homework.

　　Ou Yanling, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County, also thinks that it is not appropriate to "kill the game with a stick". Because with the improvement of people’s living standards, there is more demand for culture or entertainment.

　　"We can’t deny that games let you spend your leisure time, or get some satisfaction in other aspects, but game producers should also enhance their sense of social responsibility and improve their awareness of cultural communication and moral communication. Produce more games that are beneficial to everyone’s physical and mental health in a very responsible attitude. " She pointed out that some online games are full of violence and negative energy information that teenagers should not be exposed to, and some national heroes and traditional celebrities in China are used as a kind of joke to fill the games, which should be eliminated from online games and prohibited.

Solemnly declare:This information comes from the data of Eastern Fortune Choice, and the relevant data are for reference only and do not constitute investment advice. Dongfang Fortune Network strives to ensure the complete accuracy of the data. If there are any errors or omissions, please refer to the information disclosure media of listed companies designated by China Securities Regulatory Commission. Dongfang Fortune Network will not assume any responsibility for the profits and losses caused by all or part of the information. Users personally take risks in the use of the service, and Oriental Fortune Network does not make any kind of guarantee for this.

In life, many friends are troubled by shit, especially on business trips. The original good habit of defecation was interrupted. Without a familiar environment, it is difficult for many people to keep regular defecation, and it is more and more difficult to defecate daily. In fact, this may be because the intestines are too sensitive.

In life, everyone attaches great importance to food and tries to eat well. However, besides eating, pulling is also very important. If you only eat and don’t pull, or eat more and pull less, your body will have problems. In particular, the stool is too hard to be pulled out and blocked in the anus, which is not only uncomfortable, but also embarrassing. So, what is the reason for this situation?

The stool is blocked in the anus and can’t be discharged or these four reasons.

1. The diet tastes too strong.

Nowadays, many people like some foods with strong taste, such as foods with high sugar, high salt, high spicy and high oil. People often eat these foods, which will greatly increase the burden on the human stomach and lead to peristalsis, which will lead to difficulty in defecation and even constipation after a long time.

2, often hold the stool.

Many people have had such a situation, obviously they have poop, but because of other things, they can’t go to the toilet to defecate immediately, so they have been holding it. When things are busy and I want to defecate, I find that I can’t discharge it. This is because, when you hold it all the time and the stool returns to the intestine, the water will be absorbed by the intestine and the stool will become dry. In the long run, the intestine is not sensitive to poop and constipation over time.

3. Great mental pressure.

Generally speaking, when the feces in the large intestine reach a certain amount, people will have defecation. However, if the spirit is strongly stimulated, resulting in panic, emotional tension or anxiety, it will dilute defecation and even lead to the disappearance of defecation. If it takes a long time, it will form constipation. Of course, if you pay high attention for a certain period of time, it will also lead to constipation.

4. Don’t like drinking water

The human body is 70% water. If you don’t like drinking water, it will lead to insufficient water in the body, resulting in dry stool, not wet enough, and it is difficult to squirm and discharge, thus forming constipation.

Constipation not only easily leads to anal problems, but also leads to facial dullness, increased toxins, depression, irritability and other symptoms, which brings a lot of harm to the body. So how to regulate constipation?

Regulation of constipation

1. Pay attention to diet conditioning

People with constipation must adjust their diet. People with constipation must change their eating style and behavior. Diet should be less oil, less salt and less sugar, especially increase the content of dietary fiber, such as various vegetables and coarse grains, which is a good source of crude fiber.

2. Eat more fruits

Fruit is not only nutritious, but also can improve human resistance and effectively prevent constipation. Most fruits contain a lot of water and dietary fiber, which can promote human intestinal peristalsis, discharge waste in time and effectively promote defecation.

3. Eat more coarse grains

Coarse grains are rich in dietary fiber, which can not only promote intestinal peristalsis, but also make stool more shaped, which is beneficial to fecal excretion and avoid long-term accumulation and constipation of feces. In addition, coarse grains can also increase the body’s satiety and help to control weight.

4. Drink enough water

Drink plenty of water at ordinary times, especially a cup of warm water after getting up, which can replenish water in time and play a role in relaxing bowels. A healthy adult should drink at least 2000 ml of water every day. Of course, in addition to drinking more boiled water, you can also add some ingredients that can moisten the intestines and relax the bowels.

5, insist on abdominal massage

Before going to bed every night, you can insist on abdominal massage to stimulate the intestines, accelerate the peristalsis of the intestines and promote the discharge of feces.

Lie flat on the bed, first put your right hand on your abdomen and your left hand on your right hand, then massage your abdomen clockwise for 50 times at a time. Then massage the left hand and right hand counterclockwise for 50 turns. Repeat this until the abdomen is hot. Be sure to pay attention to the technique in the process of massage, and never use too much force. Sticking to it for a period of time can relieve constipation symptoms and achieve smooth defecation.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:On December 4th, 29 wild birds, including 7 national first-class protected animals, Oriental stork, were found dead in the fish pond on the south side of Jinhan Highway in Ninghe District, Tianjin. The Tianjin police also immediately filed a case and launched an investigation.

　　　　　　 Tan Jianqiang, a bird-loving volunteer, said: "I arrived here at 8: 00 am on December 4, and at first glance, it was broken and the oriental stork died."

　　　　　　 Wang Jianmin, a bird-loving volunteer, said: "It died on the ground with flapping wings, so we suspected that it had eaten something poisonous."

　　　　　　 Through the pictures taken by bird-loving volunteers at the scene on December 4, we can see that the water surface was frozen at the time of the incident, and the oriental storks spread their wings and lay motionless on the ice. After careful observation, the volunteers found that these oriental storks were not traumatized and had no symptoms of illness. In addition, there were dead fish around them. Volunteers suspected that these oriental storks eventually died because of eating poisonous fish, and immediately reported the case to the public security department.

　　　　　　 Zhao Chunzhang, deputy director of Ninghe Branch of Tianjin Public Security Bureau: "The first step is to block the scene, and then the second step is to conduct on-site investigation on the water and birds in the whole fish pond and surrounding ponds, and make an autopsy on the oriental stork in time. At the same time, the headquarters will be set up to cooperate with multiple police types."

　　　　　　 Through the inspection by the Physical Evidence Identification Center of Tianjin Public Security Bureau, it was finally confirmed that 23 wild birds, including 6 oriental storks, contained phorate, which was also consistent with the inspection results of water samples, fish and shrimp extracted from fish ponds. During the investigation, the public security department learned that Sun Moumou, the contractor of the fish pond, bought pond-cleaning chemicals from other places online in order to clean the fish pond, and there was still excessive delivery during the delivery process. After testing, the pond cleaning agent contains phorate, a pesticide whose use is restricted by the state.

　　　　　　 Zhou Qiang, deputy head of the Environmental Food and Drug Security Corps of Tianjin Public Security Bureau, said: "In November this year, the fish pond contractor fished the fish, shrimps and crabs cultured in the pond, and in order to disinfect the bottom of the pond, he bought a drug for cleaning the pond. This drug contains a pesticide called phorate. Now it can be concluded that the cause of bird death is the poisoning of pesticide phorate caused by eating water and fish in fish ponds by mistake. "

　　　　　　 On December 7, Tianjin public security organs took compulsory measures against Sun Moumou, a fish pond contractor. At present, the case is under further investigation, and related clues such as restricting the use of pesticides are still being sold are also under further investigation.

　　　　　　 [Latest progress] Clean up water bodies and bury dead fish in the waters involved

　　　　　　 Oriental white stork is a rare and endangered species, and Tianjin, Hebei and other places in China are one of the migration routes of oriental white stork. In order to prevent migratory birds from eating toxic fish again, on December 4, after the incident, the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attached great importance to it, and the local forestry department immediately rushed to the scene to take corresponding measures against dead fish and water containing pesticides.

　　　　　　 Chen Yuhui, director of the Forestry Bureau of Ninghe District, Tianjin: "The first is to send people to be on duty 24 hours a day at the town and village levels, and immediately drive away the birds in good faith when there are still birds lingering or eating; The second is to disinfect and bury the dead bodies of all the fish next to the pit with lime. "

　　　　　　 In addition to cleaning up, burying and sending special personnel to take care of the dead fish, the reporter at the scene saw that the local forestry department also set up reflective strips to drive migratory birds away to avoid the recurrence of birds eating by mistake.

　　　　　　 In addition, Chen Yuhui also introduced that Ninghe District has established a national nature reserve for migratory birds’ concentrated habitats, and the awareness of loving and protecting birds in the reserve has gradually increased. The fish pond where the oriental stork died this time is 10 kilometers away from the nature reserve, not in the reserve. In view of the problem that the awareness of bird protection of fish pond operators outside this protected area still needs to be strengthened, the local forestry department has also carried out publicity with 14 towns in the whole region, and at the same time carried out net-pulling investigation.

　　　　　　 Zheng Jingsong, Party Secretary of Jiajia Town, Ninghe District, Tianjin: "How many fish ponds are there in our village now?"

　　　　　　 Fish pond contractor: "Now there are about 3,000 mu in our village."

　　　　　　 Zheng Jingsong, secretary of the Party Committee of Jiajia Town, Ninghe District, Tianjin: "The shoals of fish ponds must be patrolled by special personnel. After the birds fly, they are willing to play in these places."

　　　　　　 Chen Yanhui, director of the Forestry Bureau of Ninghe District, Tianjin, said: "It is the responsibility of compacting towns and villages. For all fish ponds and shallow pits where birds may wander for food, a major investigation has been carried out again, and a daily newspaper system has been adopted. If birds are found to be abnormal, they should be rescued in time and reported to us."

　　　　　　 After the incident, the relevant departments of all districts in Tianjin also deployed and investigated the relevant areas where migratory birds stopped in Tianjin.

　　　　　　 Zhou Qiang, deputy head of Tianjin Public Security Bureau’s Environmental Food and Drug Security Corps: "Next, the city’s public security organs will further strengthen the crackdown on illegal hunting and trafficking of wild animals, and find that they will be investigated together to protect the ecological environment of our city more effectively."

　　This report is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Openness of Government Information and the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Openness of Government Information, and on the basis of summarizing the work of government information disclosure in Beijing Quality and Technical Supervision System in 2017.

　　The full text includes the main work of government information and government affairs disclosure in this system in 2017, information disclosure data (such as active disclosure, response interpretation, disclosure upon application, administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, reporting and other related data), existing shortcomings and improvement measures.

　　The statistical period of the data listed in this report is from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The electronic version of this report can be downloaded from the website of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (http://scjgj.beijing.gov.cn/). If you have any questions about this report, please contact the Office of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (Address: No.3 Yuhui South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing; Postal code: 100029; Tel: 57520035; E-mail: xxgk@bjtsb.gov.cn)

　　I. Main Work in 2017

　　(A) improve the system and mechanism, and lay a solid foundation for work.

　　The main documents of government affairs publicity, such as Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Government Affairs Publicity of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Key Points of Government Affairs Publicity of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision in 2017, and Catalogue and Standards of Government Affairs Publicity in Key Areas of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, were issued and made public, which further clarified the responsibilities and division of work of all units and departments, and made specific definitions and requirements on the subject, content, time limit and method of publicity.

　　Promote the openness of major administrative decisions. For major administrative decision-making matters such as important reform plans and important policies and measures involving the vital interests of the masses in the field of quality supervision, the draft decision, decision-making basis and public opinion collection and adoption shall be made public to the public before the decision; After the decision-making, information such as implementation steps, work measures, division of responsibilities, work progress, achievements, and supervision methods will be disclosed; For major administrative decision-making matters of high social concern and great controversy, we will actively promote the disclosure of expert argumentation opinions, risk assessment and legality review. Actively invite NPC deputies, CPPCC members, experts and scholars, representatives of the masses, and news media to attend the executive meeting and the secretary’s office meeting as nonvoting delegates. Opinions on business work were collected for 4 times and opinions on standards revision were collected for 138 times. The Plan for Upgrading and Quality Improvement of Consumer Goods Standards in Beijing (2016-2020), Interim Measures for Follow-up Supervision and Management of Enterprises with Licensed Industrial Products in Beijing, and Limits of Volatile Organic Compounds in Architectural Coatings and Adhesives were highlighted, and one NPC deputy was invited to attend the director’s office meeting to study the formulation and release of local standards.

　　Improve the open leadership system and working mechanism of government affairs. The leading group for the openness of government affairs of the Bureau of Adjustment shall be headed by a member of the party group and deputy director of the Bureau. The work of making government affairs public is included in the division of work of the deputy director of the competent office of the Municipal Bureau, and it is made public on the Internet. The work of making government affairs public has been put on the important agenda, with the main leaders personally grasping it and the leaders in charge specifically grasping it. Establish a coordination mechanism for research, supervision and supervision of government affairs. Since the beginning of this year, the director’s office has reviewed the main points and implementation rules of government affairs disclosure twice, the leaders in charge of the office have listened to the report on government affairs disclosure and studied and promoted the work of government affairs disclosure four times, and held coordination meetings on government affairs disclosure twice.

　　Efforts will be made to promote the open assessment, evaluation and accountability of government affairs. The Detailed Rules for the Evaluation of Government Affairs Openness and Information Content Construction of Government Websites of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision was formulated, and the government affairs openness such as information disclosure, policy interpretation, response to concerns and public participation was incorporated into the performance appraisal system. In view of the problems pointed out by the third-party evaluation institutions and the instructions of the leaders of the municipal government, the "Rectification Plan for the Problems Existing in the Third-party Evaluation of Government Information and Government Affairs Openness in 2016" was issued by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, which was deployed in the form of video conference. On the basis of self-examination, self-evaluation and self-correction, it was inspected, urged and rectified.

　　Standardize open work according to application. Clarify the requirements, methods, accepting institutions, replies, processes, etc. of disclosure according to the application. The application channels are expanded to face-to-face application, e-mail application, web application and letter and fax application. It is stipulated that the reply documents should be as follows: reply to the application, explain the legal basis and reasons, and inform the relief channels. The document format elements are complete. The reply content is consistent with the application content. Answer documents to avoid common sense mistakes.

　　Do a good job in public education and training of government affairs. The openness of government affairs will be included in the initial training of civil servants and the training of cadres. Since the beginning of this year, the Bureau has systematically organized 26 trainings on government information and government affairs openness with 425 person-times.

　　By improving the system and mechanism, it has laid a guarantee foundation for realizing the "openness and openness" of government information and government affairs.

　　(2) Promote the openness of government affairs in key areas.

　　Promote the disclosure of financial budget and final accounts information. According to the principle of "unified steps, unified format and unified time" of the Municipal Finance Bureau, the 2017 departmental budget and the 2016 departmental final accounts were disclosed. The contents of the 2017 departmental budget disclosure include: 2017 departmental revenue and expenditure budget summary table, financial allocation expenditure budget table, financial allocation basic expenditure economic classification budget table, project expenditure budget table, "three public funds" financial allocation budget table, project expenditure performance target declaration form, etc.; An explanation of the overall situation of budget revenue and expenditure, the main situation of project expenditure, the budget of "three public funds", the government procurement budget, the operating expenses of organs, the performance target of project expenditure, and the key administrative fees. The public contents of the final accounts of departments in 2016 include: the final accounts of revenue and expenditure in 2016, the final accounts of income and expenditure, the final accounts of revenue and expenditure of financial allocations, the final accounts of financial allocations of general public budgets, the final accounts of economic classification of basic expenditures of financial allocations, and the final accounts of financial allocations of "three public" funds, government procurement and final accounts of departments, other important matters, and explanations of departmental performance evaluation.

　　Promote the disclosure of various lists of decentralization and decentralization. According to the laws and regulations, we will make a dynamic adjustment of the power list, and disclose the name, number, basis content, implementation subject, flow chart and supervision telephone number of all administrative powers to the public on the portal website, and take the initiative to accept social supervision. According to the changes of the power list, the responsibility list was dynamically adjusted. At the same time, according to the requirements of the legislative affairs office of the municipal government, the cleaning of normative documents was completed, and 49 normative documents and texts were made public on the portal website.

　　Promote the openness and online approval of government services. Complete the catalogue of government services. There are currently 24 effective public service items in Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. According to the requirements of a service-oriented government, it is proposed to build an intelligent online examination and approval service system with the leading level of national quality supervision, and the overall plan of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision to promote online examination and approval of public service matters is formulated, which clarifies the overall requirements, construction objectives, basic principles, main functions, service mode, organization and leadership of the system construction. Completed 7 pilot projects for online handling of public service matters; Combined with the pilot reform of the production license issuing mode of industrial products, the production license shall be handled according to the "first certification and then verification" mode. We continued to promote the construction of an online government service platform, started the upgrading and transformation of the administrative licensing business management system, realized the trial operation of the "industrial product production license approval system", and ensured the smooth implementation of the simplified approval procedures for industrial product production licenses.

　　Promote the disclosure of enterprise credit information. Continue to promote the interconnection, exchange and sharing of quality credit information and the city’s social credit information system, and promote the disclosure of enterprise credit information. Focusing on the information of administrative license and administrative punishment, taking the organization code as the real-name registration system identification information of the enterprise, collecting the basic information of the enterprise, administrative license information and administrative punishment information, etc., and providing the public with the credit information inquiry service of the market subject through "Beijing Enterprise Credit Information Network" and "Credit Beijing Network".

　　Promote the disclosure of regulatory and law enforcement information. Conscientiously implement the requirements of administrative punishment information disclosure. Since the beginning of this year, 2934 pieces of administrative punishment information have been made public. Continue to do a good job in the information disclosure of cases of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and shoddy goods and infringing intellectual property rights. As of December 31, 2017, a total of 112 "doubles" cases were made public. Daily law enforcement inspection items, except that it is not suitable to adopt the "double random" sampling method, are all carried out by the "double random" sampling method. At the same time, the list of random spot checks, the basis, subject, content and method of spot checks were made public on the portal website of the Municipal Bureau, and the results of spot checks and investigation were made public on the portal websites of the two levels in the urban area, with a total of 11,656 inspection results made public.

　　Promote the disclosure of information on consumption upgrading and product quality improvement. The Office of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Supervision and Spot Check Plan of Product Quality in 2017, the Notice of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision on Printing and Distributing the Risk Monitoring and Supervision and Spot Check Plan of Industrial Products in 2017, and the Notice of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision on Issuing the Capability Verification Plan of Inspection and Testing Institutions in Beijing in 2017, etc., released the supervision and spot check plan of product quality in 2017 to the public, and dealt with the unqualified products and production enterprises found in the inspection and spot check according to law. At the same time, the product quality supervision columns of "inspection and spot check plan", "inspection and spot check results", "defective product recall" and "product early warning information" have been specially opened on the portal website to facilitate the public to know and inquire. Since the beginning of this year, 9 issues of product quality supervision and spot check announcements have been issued; Forty-nine issues of enterprise defective product recall information were issued, and 27 enterprises and product information suspected of having product defects but unable to get in touch through various means, or refused to cooperate with defect investigation for various reasons, so that the recall of defective products could not be carried out normally, issued a consumer warning notice to the society, reminding consumers and users to pay attention to product information when purchasing and using products to prevent possible harm caused by product defects.

　　Promote the disclosure of important livelihood information of the municipal government. In the form of "Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision undertakes the completion of the key tasks of the municipal government’s practical projects and work reports in 2016" and "Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision’s implementation of major decisions of the municipal government in the first half of 2017", the progress and results of the municipal government’s important livelihood practical projects are disclosed on the government website of our bureau.

　　(3) Strengthen interpretation and response and optimize platform construction.

　　Drafted the "Implementation Opinions of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision on Establishing and Improving the Mechanism of Information Release and Policy Interpretation", and organized the media to do a good job in news reporting and public opinion guidance on major policy interpretation. In 2017, the Bureau held 12 press conferences, media symposiums and other media activities, and invited mainstream media to report and interpret the Bureau’s major initiatives and work related to people’s livelihood. Various media participated in the reporting and interpretation for more than 20 times, and social media reported on Beijing’s quality supervision-related work for more than 260 times. The system visited the window of the capital and Qianlong. com for 7 times, and explained the work measures and effects of special equipment safety supervision, administrative service standardization and e-commerce product quality supervision. In view of the completion of the key tasks of the municipal government undertaken by our bureau in 2017, we published a special interpretation article in China Quality News for in-depth interpretation.

　　The Measures for Public Opinion Management of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the Work Plan for Public Opinion Monitoring of Beijing Quality Supervision System (Draft) were issued, which further improved and improved the collection, judgment, disposal and response mechanism of government public opinion in Beijing quality supervision system. For public opinion information involving relevant units and departments, the relevant units and departments shall negotiate and handle it in accordance with the Measures and the Plan. Up to now, two special reports on public opinion have been published, namely, Recent Public Opinion Analysis Report of Beijing Quality Supervision System and Public Opinion Analysis Report of Beijing Quality Month. Respond to and handle 3 pieces of quality supervision grievances reported in the "Government and Citizens" edition of Beijing Daily, and feed back the results to Beijing Daily in time.

　　Further strengthen the construction and management of government websites. Through technical and manual means, daily monitoring is carried out on the government websites of the Municipal Bureau and 17 district bureaus and sub-bureaus, and problems are reported in time. The Weibo Operation Plan of "Beijing Quality Supervision" was drawn up, which clarified the specific ways and means for Beijing Quality Supervision to answer the daily consultation of Weibo netizens and interact with the public, and initially constructed and formed a platform with portal websites as the main body, supplemented by new media such as Weibo, WeChat and Today Headlines.

　　By the end of 2017, 11,612 pieces of various government information were published through the bureau system government website group, and the website opened a column of "Openness of Government Affairs in Key Areas", which fully disclosed institutional information, power list, responsibility list, list of intermediary services, "double publicity" of permission and punishment, "double randomness" of administrative law enforcement inspection, budget and final accounts, government procurement, bidding, product quality supervision and "doubles" administrative punishment. Weibo, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality Supervision, has further increased its efforts to publish all kinds of convenient service information, from 3 to 5 articles per working day, with a total of nearly 800,000 fans on Sina, People and Tencent, and a total of 11,000 articles of various Weibo have been published. Major authoritative information and work trends of Beijing quality supervision, such as "Publicity of the Second Beijing Municipal People’s Government Quality Management Award", "Administrative Law Enforcement Bulletin" and "Product Quality Risk", were released in time by Sina Weibo. Sina Weibo, the main position, interacts with netizens more than 100 times a month in the form of comments and private messages, and basically replies to inquiries and complaints. At the same time, through the government affairs Weibo, the Weibo of all kinds of opinions collection and important announcements published on the website of this bureau are published from time to time, and the original link of the website is attached as needed, which is convenient for Weibo netizens to check and participate.

　　The comprehensive service column of "Quality Supervision and Convenience Map" was launched, providing map inquiry services for quality supervision departments, service halls, measurement and testing institutions and special equipment inspection institutions.

　　Second, information disclosure data

　　(a) take the initiative to open the work.

　　In 2017, the bureau system actively disclosed 11,612 pieces of government information. 2 normative documents were issued and 2 normative documents were voluntarily disclosed.

　　Take the initiative to disclose 2204 government information in key areas. Among them: 14 pieces of information about public budget and final accounts, "three public funds" and administrative funds; Take the initiative to disclose food safety standards, food production and business license, special inspection and rectification and other information 4; Publicize 3 pieces of information such as government measures, disposal progress, risk early warning and preventive measures for production safety accidents; 4 items, prices, basis, implementation time and scope of government-guided prices, government pricing and adjustment of charging standards; Publicize 28 warning information and good information in the enterprise credit information system of this Municipality; Actively disclose 1 piece of information such as the audit results of government department budget implementation; 2,136 pieces of information on the supervision and management of public enterprises and institutions closely related to the interests of the people by public administrative organs.

　　9391 pieces of government information were made public through government websites, 1548 pieces of government information were made public through government affairs Weibo, 643 pieces of government information were made public through government affairs WeChat, and 30 pieces of government information were made public by other means.

　　(2) Responding to the interpretation.

　　Respond to public concerns about hot spots or major public opinions 67 times; Attend or hold 12 press conferences, 1 press conference for principal responsible comrades, 10 online interviews on government websites, and 4 online interviews for principal responsible comrades on government websites; 262 policy interpretation manuscripts were published, Weibo WeChat responded to the incident 108 times, and responded to the incident 80 times in other ways.

　　(three) according to the application of public work.

　　In 2017, our bureau received 107 pieces of government information disclosed by applicants according to their applications. Among them, 9 applications were made in person, 39 online applications and 59 letter applications.

　　Except for 8 cases being processed within the statutory time limit and 1 case being postponed, 98 cases were settled on time, and 17 cases were applied for New Year’s Eve at the end of 2016.

　　Of the 99 applications completed in 2017, 11 were "voluntarily disclosed"; 39 "agreed to be open"; 5 pieces of "agreeing to partial disclosure"; 21 cases of "disapproval of disclosure", including 1 case of "involving commercial secrets" and 17 cases of "not government information referred to in the Regulations"; 3 pieces of "other circumstances stipulated by laws and regulations"; 2 "not open to the public by this administrative organ"; 20 pieces of "application information does not exist"; 1 piece of "Inform that it will be handled through other channels".

　　Charge 0.00 yuan according to the application disclosure fee.

　　(four) administrative reconsideration, litigation and reporting.

　　One administrative reconsideration for the disclosure of government information belongs to other circumstances; No administrative proceedings, no complaints.

　　(5) Institution building and security training.

　　There are 18 specialized agencies for government information disclosure, and 24 access points for government information disclosure are set up; There are 68 staff engaged in government information disclosure, 4 full-time staff (excluding the number of staff in government gazette and government website) and 64 part-time staff. The special fund for government information disclosure is 0.00 yuan (excluding funds for editing and management of government gazette and construction and maintenance of government website).

　　Held 37 meetings or special meetings on government information disclosure, held 26 training courses and received 425 trainees.

　　Three, the main problems and improvement measures

　　(A) the main problems

　　First, promoting the open system of government meetings is not frequent enough, the invitation is not wide enough, and the number of people is not large.

　　Second, the channels for consultation need to be expanded, and the feedback is not timely and standardized.

　　Third, the form of policy interpretation is relatively simple, and the content is not rich and vivid enough.

　　Fourth, responding to social concerns needs to be strengthened, and the frequency of interaction with netizens needs to be further improved.

　　(II) Improvement measures in 2018

　　First, comprehensively promote the implementation of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Government Affairs Openness of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the Catalogue and Standards for Government Affairs Openness in Key Areas of Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, and strengthen dynamic supervision and management.

　　The second is to introduce measures for making major administrative decisions public, interpreting policies and responding to public opinions, collect opinions on important documents, key work arrangements and major tasks in a timely manner, pre-disclose decisions and make the implementation results public, and carry out various forms and rich contents of policy propaganda and interpretation through different channels and ways.

　　The third is to promote the refinement and implementation of the open system of government meetings, and improve the participation of experts, scholars, deputies to the National People’s Congress, CPPCC members and the public.

　　Fourth, through the "online learning for cadres" curriculum system and various ways and means such as training by meeting instead of training, we will do a good job in training government information and government affairs disclosure, and constantly improve the ability and level of engaging in government information and government affairs disclosure at all levels.

　　Fifth, continue to do a good job in standardizing the content format of public reply according to the application.

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision

March 2018

Statistical table of government information disclosure of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision

(2017)

On December 20th, some netizens shared their meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Song Joong Ki and their children in Rome. If I remember correctly, it should be the first time that Mr. and Mrs. Song Joong Ki and their children stood in the same place. The framework of marriage. This father has attracted the attention of many netizens. As all the netizens who follow the Song Joong Ki couple know, Rome is Katie’s hometown. Katie gave birth to a son in Rome and lived with him after birth. Now that the work is over, Song Joong Ki is reunited with his wife and children and moved by the happy scenes of three families on the screen.

According to the photos shared by netizens, Song Joong Ki looks handsome and fashionable in a baseball cap and a long black coat, while Katie wears a ponytail, a red coat and white pants. Six months after delivery, her body has fully recovered, and her exposed legs are thin and straight, which makes people envious. Song Joong Ki walks with his wife and children, walking side by side, pushing his son in the stroller with one hand and holding his wife Katie with the other. As always, the scene is warm and lovely, even warmer than idol drama.

Song Joong Ki, who officially announced that his wife gave birth safely on June 14th, didn’t take a positive photo of his son, because he didn’t want his wife and children to be disturbed too much by the outside world. But I only posted a picture of his little hand. Although his son’s face has never been exposed on social platforms, after becoming a father, Song Joong Ki had no choice but to show his son’s photos to reporters in previous interviews. Song Joong Ki, who has genes and big eyes, directly revealed that his son’s lips are very similar to his own, and laughed that no matter what the child looks like, it always looks good in his eyes.

In addition, in response to the rumor that his wife has a second marriage and children, Song Joong Ki made it clear in an interview that his wife is also a stepmother and has never been married or had children. Song Joong Ki and his wife, new parents, sometimes seem to be in a mess in the process of raising their children. For example, they joked that if they don’t clean their son’s urine when changing diapers, they will sometimes leak urine. Properly. Of course, with the growth of their children, Mr. and Mrs. Song Joong Ki’s parenting skills are constantly improving, just like taking their son for a walk this time. Even without a babysitter, the couple have accumulated a lot of experience in raising their children, so they can do better. Obviously it’s easy.

It is said that Katie used to be an actress, but left this industry to become a translation teacher. It is reported that she did not return to Korea to live with her husband after giving birth. She doesn’t want her privacy to be disturbed too much. Woolen fabric? It is worth mentioning that Song Joong Ki also started overseas auditions to enter overseas projects.

I remember Song Joong Ki said that his greatest wish and dream in life was to have a perfect and happy family. From the two-person world with Katie to the happy family of three now, Song Joong Ki finally realized this wish and wish to be happy and full of feelings forever. I hope and expect that Song Joong Ki and Song Joong Ki can share more family members’ daily life.

Editor in charge:

On March 11th, SAIC Volkswagen launched 2024 outstanding models, including three models. On the basis of the elite version, luxury version and flagship version of the current 380TSI, they were added and renamed Longteng version, Longyao version and Longxiang version respectively. Perhaps it was influenced by BYD’s volume price tactics at the beginning of the year, and the new version launched by Volkswagen this time also directly reduced the price by 20,000.

The appearance of the new car still continues the design of the current model, with a sense of fashion in the main hand. The difference between the normal version and the starry sky version is mainly in the front air intake grille, the starry sky lattice grille is slightly fashionable, and the horizontal multi-section grille is more rich in business atmosphere. The side of the new car adopts a tough design, and straight lines run through the front fender to the rear. The rear part of the car still uses straight lines, which shows stability and has a good sense of hierarchy. It is worth mentioning that in addition to the Longteng version/Starry Dragon version, the other two models are equipped with inductive electric tailgates.

The size of the new car has not changed, with the length, width and height of 4948x1836x1469mm and the wheelbase of 2871 mm. The space performance is good, and both home and business are quite satisfactory. The old problem still exists: the height of the middle bulge in the back row is higher, and the passenger experience in the middle position is worse, which is also a common problem of German cars.

In terms of interior, the new car still continues the unique design style of the current Passat, and the design of the center console tilting to the driver’s side is more convenient to operate during driving. At the same time, the use of a large number of bright black paint, as well as a small number of chrome trim, makes the whole car look a certain sense of grade. However, from the current aesthetic point of view, the design at the bottom of the central control screen will be somewhat outdated, and it would be better if it could be simpler. Many people are worried that this price reduction will lead to a reduction in allocation. By comparing the configuration information, we can find that the difference between the new and old models is only the optional package, and the standard configuration is the same.

In the power part, the car is still equipped with a 2.0T engine, with a maximum output of 162kW and a peak torque of 350N·m, and the fastest acceleration time of 100 kilometers is only 7.4 seconds. The chassis suspension is still a multi-link independent suspension before McPherson. Users who are familiar with this car should know that Volkswagen’s suspension training of Passat is not bad, and its driving texture and shock absorption performance are good.

Next, let’s talk about these three configurations, which is the most cost-effective.

In terms of configuration, Longyao Edition has more lane departure warning, lane keeping assistance, lane merging assistance, automatic parking and electric induction trunk than Longteng Edition. Compared with Longyao version, Longxiang version has more safety and comfort configurations such as fatigue driving tips, side airbags, front knee airbags, steering wheel heating, front seat massage and rear seat heating. That is to say, there is no Longteng version with the above configuration price of 188,300 yuan. It should be emphasized here that the Longteng version of the car machine system also lacks many basic functions, such as car navigation, voice control, OTA upgrade and other functions.

From this point of view, the Longteng version with the lowest price among the three cars is extremely low in cost performance, and the price of 180,000 doesn’t even have some basic configurations. If the budget is sufficient, the top-mounted Longxiang version has the highest cost performance, and a series of safety functions and comfort configurations can be obtained at an additional cost of 16,000 yuan, so that such rich configurations are enough for both business and home use.

What do the audience in front of the screen think? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area for discussion.

Nowadays, young people have various requirements for buying a car. In addition to high requirements for face value, they also hope that they can’t lag behind in terms of power and configuration, and only hope to bear the price. What I want to introduce to you today is. Let’s take a look at it together.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of RAV4 Rongfang first. The front face of RAV4 Rongfang looks simple, equipped with a large mouth grille, and looks full. Headlights are very fashionable and concise, and the overall look has a certain sense of hierarchy. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4600MM*1855MM*1685MM, the car adopts hard lines, and the car body gives people a very sharp feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it gives people a very domineering and stylish feeling. In the design of the rear end, the rear end looks more capable, and the taillights show a fashionable and sporty design style. Together with the unique exhaust pipe, it is very individual.

When I came into the car, the interior design was more domineering and stylish, and the visual effect was very good. The practicality and face value of the three-spoke steering wheel of this car are not bad, and it is made of genuine leather, giving people a bright feeling. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is decorated with a steady touch-control LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. The dashboard and seats are equally eye-catching. The car is equipped with a stylish and generous LCD dashboard, which makes information reading easy and clear. The car adopts imitation leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of auxiliary seats, electric adjustment of seats, and seat proportion tilting, with exquisite materials and comfortable ride.

RAV4 Rongfang is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper and traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), which can be said to be quite satisfactory.

What’s your main impression of this car after reading the whole article? I wonder if you are excited about this car introduced today?