Korean soldiers stationed in the 38th parallel.

　　　　The abuse of loudspeakers on the military demarcation line between the DPRK and the ROK once subsided, but now the leaflets floating in the air have destroyed this tranquility.

　　　　International Herald Tribune reporters Gao Haorong and Zhang Binyang originated from Pyongyang, and the once "leaflet war" over the "38th parallel" on the Korean peninsula has revived. On May 30, the head of the DPRK delegation to the inter-Korean military affairs talks protested and warned South Korea, demanding that South Korea immediately stop spreading leaflets in North Korea, or it will take full responsibility for all the consequences caused by it.

　　Time balloons broadcast leaflets

　　　　According to the DPRK, as of the end of May, some social groups and people in South Korea used balloons and other methods to scatter leaflets in North Korea near the military demarcation line. These leaflets have been found in dozens of places near the military demarcation line, such as South Yellow Sea Road, Kaicheng and gangwon, and even in the tourist area of Mount Kumgang and Kaesong Industrial Zone jointly developed by the DPRK and the ROK. What makes North Korea particularly angry is that some people in South Korea went to the vicinity of the military demarcation line with some Japanese and distributed more than 10,000 leaflets to the DPRK.

　　　　According to the Associated Press, distributors will put bibles and $1 bills in leaflets to attract North Koreans to pick them up. Some organizations in Japan will also use leaflets to find themselves in Asahi, and promise that those who provide information will receive a cash reward of $10,000. According to the Associated Press, these balloons distributing leaflets are about 5 meters long, and simple timing devices installed on the balloons can regularly distribute leaflets over the target area. The flyer is postcard-sized, waterproof and printed in Japanese and Korean.

　　On the "38th parallel"

　　　　There is a reason why North Korea is so angry. As early as June 2004, when the DPRK and the ROK held the second general-level talks, the two sides reached an agreement, stipulating that from the 15th of that month, the two sides would stop all propaganda activities near the military demarcation line, including broadcasting through loudspeakers, setting up advertising billboards, setting up TV screens, and scattering leaflets with balloons.

　　　　The two sides dismantled all propaganda tools in stages before August 15 of that year. In the past, the military demarcation line where tweeters sang, scolded and attacked each other became very quiet. This move by both sides was widely praised by the DPRK, the ROK and the international community.

　　　　However, this agreement has now been seriously undermined. In North Korea’s view, the reason why some people in South Korea dare to ignore the agreement between the two sides and spread a large number of leaflets around the military demarcation line is inseparable from the fact that the Lee Myung-bak government of South Korea, which came to power in February this year, denied the two Declarations issued by the heads of the DPRK and the ROK in 2000 and 2007 and pursued a "pragmatism" policy. North Korea believes that the South Korean government is actually the mastermind behind conniving and encouraging such actions.

　　Recently, some provinces and cities began to announce the fiscal revenue and expenditure situation in April. Under the influence of unexpected factors such as the epidemic situation, the downward pressure on the economy has increased, and the contradiction between local fiscal revenue and expenditure has been increasing due to the reduction of income brought about by the large-scale tax rebate and tax reduction policy.

　　On May 11th, the Shenzhen Municipal Finance Bureau disclosed data showing that from January to April this year, the general public budget revenue in Shenzhen reached 130.98 billion yuan, down by 12.6%. In fact, in the first quarter, Shenzhen’s income still increased slightly, but in April, it fell by about 44%.

　　For the decline in fiscal revenue in the first four months, the Shenzhen Municipal Finance Bureau explained that the main reason was the policy reduction caused by the central government’s implementation of combined tax and fee support policies such as value-added tax refund and tax deferral for small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing.

　　This year’s 1.5 trillion yuan VAT tax refund policy was officially implemented on April 1. Due to the increasing difficulties of enterprises under the impact of the epidemic, the fiscal and taxation departments accelerated the tax refund progress. According to the data of the State Administration of Taxation, the value-added tax rebate in April was as high as 801.5 billion yuan. This is reflected in the local fiscal revenue, that is, the value-added tax revenue of the first major tax category has been greatly reduced. However, this move has increased the cash flow of enterprises and eased the financial pressure of enterprises. In the medium and long term, it is conducive to conserving tax sources and increasing fiscal revenue.

　　Affected by the new policy of tax refund, tax reduction and tax deferral, many places are similar to Shenzhen, and the fiscal revenue dropped significantly in the first four months, especially in April. This is confirmed in many cities and counties that took the lead in publicly disclosing the fiscal revenue and expenditure in April. For example, in the first four months, the general public budget revenue of Nanning, Guangxi decreased by about 6% year-on-year, Changzhou, Jiangsu decreased by 4.5% and Zhuzhou, Hunan decreased by about 4.9% year-on-year.

　　In addition, due to the spread of the epidemic in April, many residents were isolated at home, and some enterprises stopped production, which will also have an impact on local fiscal revenue.

　　At present, there are fewer provinces that disclose the fiscal revenue and expenditure in the first four months. Judging from the fiscal revenue and expenditure data released in various places in the first quarter, there are great differences in the growth rate of local fiscal revenue, among which the fiscal revenue of resource-based provinces such as Inner Mongolia and Shanxi maintained rapid growth due to the rise in commodity prices or high operation.

　　Yang Yewei, chief fixed-income analyst of Guosheng Securities Research Institute, found that in the first quarter, in addition to economically strong provinces such as Shanghai and Fujian, resource-based provinces such as Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia also began to make the list. In the first quarter, Shanghai and Fujian were still in fiscal surplus, with a surplus scale of more than 40 billion yuan. However, resource-based provinces have also entered the ranks of fiscal surplus provinces due to the sharp increase in income, such as Shaanxi’s fiscal surplus of 80.2 billion yuan in the first quarter and Inner Mongolia’s surplus of 1.6 billion yuan.

　　However, with the obvious decline in local fiscal revenue in April, the contradiction between local fiscal revenue and expenditure has increased significantly. For example, the Finance Department of Hainan Province recently held an analysis meeting on the financial situation of the whole province. The meeting pointed out that since the beginning of this year, under the triple pressure of shrinking demand, supply shock and expected weakening, combined with the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic and the Ukrainian situation, the complexity, severity and uncertainty of China’s economic development environment have increased, and Hainan’s financial work is facing more severe difficulties and challenges, with the growth of fiscal revenue slowing down obviously, the progress of project capital expenditure being slow, and the task of completing the whole year is under greater pressure.

　　In order to alleviate local financial difficulties and support the implementation of policies such as tax rebate and tax reduction, at present, 800 billion yuan of transfer payment funds from the central government to support the grassroots to implement tax reduction and fee reduction and key people’s livelihood have all been distributed to local governments in April.

　　Wang Jianfan, director of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance, recently publicly stated that the Ministry of Finance urged and guided provincial financial departments to formulate targeted financial support programs for counties and districts with large tax rebates and relatively difficult finances, especially key counties and districts with tax rebates exceeding their own financial level. Close attention should be paid to them and one-on-one counseling should be carried out to ensure that these counties and districts can achieve stable financial operation while ensuring tax rebate funds, and the "three guarantees" can not be guaranteed.

　　In order to hedge the downward pressure on the economy, local governments, under the current situation of declining tax revenue, guarantee the construction of major projects by speeding up the issuance of local government bonds to ensure the steady investment and growth of bond funds.

　　According to the data of GF Securities Development Research Center, local debt increased by 1,681.3 billion yuan in April this year, exceeding the same period in 2019 and 2021, accounting for 38.7% of the annual new local government debt limit of 4,370 billion yuan. Among them, Guangdong’s new local debt issuance is the largest, reaching 172.7 billion yuan; Followed by Shandong, issuing 126.3 billion yuan; The scale of new local debt issuance in Henan, Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces is 100 billion to 120 billion yuan.

　　As the Ministry of Finance requires local governments to complete most of the new special bond issuance tasks before the end of June, the market expects a small climax of bond issuance in May and June.

Enactment amendment

Adopted at the 17th meeting of the 10th the NPC Standing Committee on August 28th, 2005, promulgated by Decree No.38 of the President of the People’s Republic of China on August 28th, 2005, and effective as of March 1st, 2006; According to the 29th meeting of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee on October 26th, 2012, promulgated by Decree No.67 of the President of the People’s Republic of China on October 26th, 2012, and implemented since January 1st, 2013, the Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on Amending the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment; Adopted by the 29th meeting of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 26th, 2012, and shall come into force on January 1st, 2013.

Legal content

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of maintaining public order, ensuring public safety, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and standardizing and ensuring that public security organs and their people’s police perform their duties of public security administration according to law.

Article 2 Whoever disturbs public order, impairs public safety, infringes upon personal rights and property rights, impairs social management and is socially harmful and constitutes a crime in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; If it is not serious enough for criminal punishment, the public security organ shall impose administrative penalties for public security in accordance with this law.

Article 3 The provisions of this Law shall apply to the procedures of administrative penalties for public security; Where there are no provisions in this law, the relevant provisions of the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China shall apply.

Article 4 This Law shall apply to acts that violate the administration of public security within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC), except as otherwise provided by law.

Unless otherwise specified by law, this Law shall apply to acts that violate the administration of public security on ships and aircraft in People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Fifth public security management punishment must be based on facts, and the nature, circumstances and social harm of violations of public security management are equivalent.

The implementation of public security management punishment should be open and fair, respect and protect human rights, and protect the personal dignity of citizens.

Handling public security cases should adhere to the principle of combining education with punishment.

Article 6 People’s governments at all levels shall strengthen the comprehensive management of social security and take effective measures to resolve social contradictions, enhance social harmony and maintain social stability.

Article 7 The public security department of the State Council is responsible for the administration of public security throughout the country. The public security organs of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the administration of public security within their respective administrative areas.

The jurisdiction of public security cases shall be stipulated by the public security department of the State Council.

Article 8 If an act violating the administration of public security causes damage to others, the actor or his guardian shall bear civil liability according to law.

Article 9 The public security organ may mediate and handle minor acts that violate the administration of public security, such as fighting or damaging other people’s property caused by civil disputes. If the parties reach an agreement through mediation by the public security organ, they will not be punished. If the mediation fails to reach an agreement or fails to perform after reaching an agreement, the public security organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, punish the violator of public security administration and inform the parties concerned that they can bring a civil lawsuit to the people’s court in accordance with the law.

Chapter II Types and Application of Punishment

Tenth types of public security management punishment are divided into:

(1) warning;

(2) a fine;

(3) Administrative detention;

(4) Revoking the license issued by the public security organ.

Foreigners who violate the administration of public security may be additionally applied to leave the country within a time limit or be deported.

Article 11 contraband such as drugs and obscene articles, gambling paraphernalia, paraphernalia for taking or injecting drugs, and my own tools directly used to commit acts violating the administration of public security seized in handling public security cases shall be confiscated and dealt with according to regulations.

Property obtained in violation of public security administration shall be recovered and returned to the infringed person; If there are no infringers, they shall be registered, auctioned in public or disposed of in accordance with relevant state regulations, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the state treasury.

Twelfth people over the age of 14 but under the age of 18 who violate the administration of public security shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment; Persons under the age of 14 who violate the administration of public security shall not be punished, but their guardians shall be ordered to strictly discipline them.

Thirteenth mental patients who violate the administration of public security when they can’t identify or control their own behavior shall not be punished, but their guardians shall be ordered to strictly guard and treat them. Intermittent mental patients who violate the administration of public security when they are mentally normal shall be punished.

Fourteenth blind or deaf and dumb people who violate the administration of public security may be given a lighter, mitigated or not punished.

Fifteenth drunken people who violate the administration of public security shall be punished.

If a drunken person is in danger to himself or threatens the personal, property or public safety of others, protective measures should be taken to restrain him until he wakes up.

Sixteenth there are two or more violations of public security management, decided separately, combined execution. If the punishment of administrative detention is combined, the longest time shall not exceed 20 days.

Seventeenth joint violations of public security management, according to the role of the violator in the violation of public security management, were punished.

Those who instigate, coerce or trick others into violating the administration of public security shall be punished according to their acts of instigation, coercion or deception.

Article 18 If a unit violates the administration of public security, the person directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of this Law. If other laws and administrative regulations provide for the punishment of the same act, the punishment shall be in accordance with its provisions.

Nineteenth violation of public security management in any of the following circumstances, mitigated punishment or no punishment:

(a) the circumstances are particularly minor;

(two) take the initiative to eliminate or mitigate the illegal consequences, and obtain the understanding of the infringed;

(3) Being coerced or deceived by others;

(four) voluntarily surrender, truthfully state their illegal acts to the public security organs;

(5) Having rendered meritorious service.

Twentieth violation of public security management in any of the following circumstances, shall be given a heavier punishment:

(1) Having serious consequences;

(2) instigating, coercing or tricking others into violating the administration of public security;

(three) to take revenge on informants, accusers, informants and witnesses;

(4) Having been punished by public security administration within 6 months.

Article 21 If an offender who violates the administration of public security is under any of the following circumstances and should be given administrative detention punishment according to this Law, the administrative detention punishment shall not be executed:

(a) has reached the age of 14 but under the age of 16;

(2) Having reached the age of 16 but under the age of 18, violating the administration of public security for the first time;

(three) more than 70 years old;

(four) pregnant or nursing their own baby under one year old.

Twenty-second violations of public security management have not been discovered by the public security organs within 6 months, and will not be punished.

The time limit prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be counted from the date of the violation of public security administration; If the violation of public security management has a continuous or continuous state, it shall be counted from the date of the end of the act.

Chapter III Acts and Penalties for Violation of Public Security Administration

Section 1 Acts and penalties for disturbing public order

Twenty-third one of the following acts, a warning or a fine of 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined for 500 yuan:

(1) Disrupting the order of organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions, resulting in work, production, business, medical treatment, teaching and scientific research not being carried out normally, but causing no serious losses;

(2) disturbing the order of stations, ports, docks, airports, shopping malls, parks, exhibition halls or other public places;

(3) disturbing the order on buses, trams, trains, ships, aircraft or other public transport;

(four) illegal interception or forced boarding, boarding motor vehicles, ships, aircraft and other means of transport, affecting the normal running of vehicles;

(5) Disrupting the election order conducted according to law.

Whoever gathers people to commit the acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may also be fined up to 1000 yuan.

Twenty-fourth any of the following acts, disrupting the order of large-scale mass activities such as culture and sports, shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined for 500 yuan:

(a) forced to enter the venue;

(two) in violation of regulations, setting off fireworks or other items in the venue;

(three) display insulting slogans, banners and other items;

(4) Besieging referees, athletes or other staff members;

(five) throwing debris into the venue, not listening to stop;

(six) other acts that disrupt the order of large-scale mass activities.

Those who are punished by detention for disturbing the order of sports competitions may also be ordered not to enter sports venues to watch similar competitions within 12 months; Those who enter sports venues in violation of regulations are forcibly taken away from the scene.

Twenty-fifth anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined up to 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan:

(a) spreading rumors, lying about dangerous situations, epidemic situations, police situations or deliberately disturbing public order by other means;

(2) Disrupting public order by throwing false explosive, toxic, radioactive and corrosive substances or infectious disease pathogens;

(3) Threatening to set fire, explode or throw dangerous substances to disturb public order.

Twenty-sixth one of the following acts, shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may be fined up to 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may also be fined in 1000 yuan:

(a) gang fights;

(2) Chasing or intercepting others;

(three) extort or arbitrarily damage or occupy public or private property;

(four) other acts of provocation.

Twenty-seventh anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may also be fined up to 1000 yuan; If the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined in 500 yuan:

(1) Organizing, instigating, coercing, cajoling or inciting others to engage in cult, cult or superstitious activities, disrupting social order and harming others’ health;

(two) using religion or qigong to disrupt social order and harm the health of others.

Article 28 Whoever, in violation of state regulations, intentionally interferes with the normal operation of radio services, or causes harmful interference to radio stations (stations) operating normally, refuses to take effective measures to eliminate them after being pointed out by the relevant competent departments, shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days.

Twenty-ninth anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for less than 5 days; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days:

(a) in violation of state regulations, intrusion into the computer information system, causing harm;

(two) in violation of state regulations, delete, modify, increase or interfere with the functions of the computer information system, resulting in the computer information system can not operate normally;

(three) in violation of state regulations, the data and applications stored, processed and transmitted in the computer information system are deleted, modified or added;

(four) deliberately making and spreading destructive programs such as computer viruses, which affect the normal operation of computer information systems.

Section 2 Acts and Penalties for Disrupting Public Security

Article 30 Whoever, in violation of state regulations, manufactures, trades, stores, transports, mails, carries, uses, provides or disposes of explosive, toxic, radioactive and corrosive substances or infectious disease pathogens shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days.

Thirty-first explosive, toxic, radioactive, corrosive substances or infectious disease pathogens and other dangerous substances are stolen, robbed or lost, and they are not reported as required, and they are detained for up to five days; Those who deliberately conceal and fail to report shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days.

Article 32 Whoever illegally carries guns, ammunition, crossbows, daggers and other control devices prescribed by the state shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, a warning or a fine of less than 200 yuan shall be imposed.

Whoever illegally carries guns, ammunition, crossbows, daggers and other state-regulated control devices into public places or public transport shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan.

Article 33 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days:

(a) theft, damage to oil and gas pipeline facilities, power telecommunications facilities, radio and television facilities, water conservancy and flood control engineering facilities or public facilities such as hydrological monitoring, measurement, meteorological forecasting, environmental monitoring, geological monitoring and earthquake monitoring;

(2) moving or damaging boundary markers, boundary markers and other border signs, border facilities or territorial and territorial sea mark facilities on the national border;

(three) illegal activities that affect the direction of the national (frontier) boundary or the construction of facilities that hinder the management of the national (frontier) territory.

Article 34 Whoever steals, damages or moves aviation facilities in use without authorization or forcibly enters the cockpit of an aircraft shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days.

Those who use instruments and tools that may affect the normal function of the navigation system on the aircraft in use and do not listen to dissuasion shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Article 35 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan:

(a) theft, damage or unauthorized movement of railway facilities, equipment, locomotive and rolling stock parts or safety signs;

(two) placing obstacles on the railway line, or deliberately throwing objects at the train;

(three) digging holes and quarrying sand in railway lines, bridges and culverts;

(4) setting up crossings or level crossings privately on railway lines.

Thirty-sixth unauthorized access to the railway protection network or the train comes to walk on the railway line, sit and lie down, grab the railway, affecting traffic safety, be warned or fined up to 200 yuan.

Article 37 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not more than 5 days or fined for not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined for 500 yuan:

(a) without approval, the installation and use of power grid, or the installation and use of power grid does not meet the safety requirements;

(two) in the construction of vehicles and pedestrians, there is no cover, fence and warning signs for ditches, wells and caves, or the cover, fence and warning signs are intentionally damaged or moved;

(three) theft, damage to road manhole covers, lighting and other public facilities.

Thirty-eighth large-scale mass activities such as culture and sports, in violation of relevant regulations, are in danger of safety accidents, and shall be ordered to stop activities and evacuate immediately; The organizer shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Article 39 Management personnel of hotels, restaurants, theaters, amusement parks, sports grounds, exhibition halls or other places for public activities who violate safety regulations and cause the place to be in danger of safety accidents shall be detained for not more than five days after being ordered by the public security organ to make corrections.

Section 3 Acts and Penalties for Infringement of Personal and Property Rights

Fortieth whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and shall be fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan; If the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan:

(1) Organizing, coercing or tricking people under the age of 16 or disabled people into performing horrible and cruel performances;

(2) forcing others to work by violence, threat or other means;

(3) Illegally restricting the personal freedom of others, illegally invading other people’s houses or illegally searching other people’s bodies.

Article 41 Whoever coerces, lures or uses others to beg shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 1000 yuan.

Those who repeatedly pester, forcibly beg or beg in other ways that disturb others shall be detained for up to 5 days or given a warning.

Article 42 Anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not more than 5 days or fined for not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined for 500 yuan:

(1) writing threatening letters or threatening the personal safety of others by other means;

(2) publicly insulting others or fabricating facts to slander others;

(3) fabricating facts, falsely accusing and framing others, and attempting to subject others to criminal investigation or punishment by public security administration;

(4) Threatening, insulting, beating or retaliating against witnesses and their close relatives;

(5) sending obscene, insulting, intimidating or other information for many times to interfere with the normal life of others;

(six) voyeurism, sneak shots, eavesdropping, spreading the privacy of others.

Article 43 Whoever beats another person, or intentionally hurts another person’s body, shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Under any of the following circumstances, he shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and shall be fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan:

(a) gang beating, hurting others;

(2) Beating or injuring a disabled person, a pregnant woman, a person under the age of 14 or a person over the age of 60;

(3) Beating or injuring others for many times or beating or injuring more than one person at a time.

Article 44 Whoever molests others, or intentionally exposes his body in public places, if the circumstances are bad, shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days; Whoever molests mentally disabled persons, mental patients, people under the age of 14 or has other serious circumstances shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days.

Article 45 Anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not more than five days or given a warning:

(1) maltreating a family member, and the abused person requests to deal with it;

(2) Abandoning a dependant who has no ability to live independently.

Article 46 Whoever buys or sells goods by force or forces others to provide services or force others to accept services shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and shall also be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Article 47 Whoever incites ethnic hatred or discrimination, or publishes ethnic discrimination or insults in publications or computer information networks shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 1000 yuan.

Article 48 Whoever impersonates, conceals, destroys, opens or illegally checks other people’s mail without permission shall be detained for not more than five days or fined for not more than 500 yuan.

Article 49 Whoever steals, swindles, plunders, robs, extorts or intentionally damages public or private property shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may also be fined less than 1000 yuan.

Section 4 Acts and Penalties for Obstruction of Social Management

Fiftieth one of the following acts, a warning or a fine of 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined for 500 yuan:

(a) refusing to implement the decisions and orders issued by the people’s government in accordance with the law in case of emergency;

(two) hinder the staff of state organs to perform their duties according to law;

(3) Obstructing the passage of vehicles such as fire engines, ambulances, engineering rescue vehicles and police cars performing emergency tasks;

(four) forcibly breaking into the warning tape and the warning zone set up by the public security organs.

Whoever obstructs the people’s police from performing their duties according to law shall be given a heavier punishment.

Article 51 Whoever pretends to be a functionary of a state organ or swindles and swindles with other false identities shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Whoever impersonates military and police personnel to swindle and swindle shall be given a heavier punishment.

Article 52 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may also be fined up to 1000 yuan; If the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and may also be fined in 500 yuan:

(1) Forging, altering or buying or selling official documents, certificates, certification documents and seals of state organs, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions or other organizations;

(2) buying, selling or using forged or altered official documents, certificates and supporting documents of state organs, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions or other organizations;

(3) Forging, altering or reselling tickets, boat tickets, air tickets, tickets for theatrical performances, tickets for sports competitions or other valuable tickets and vouchers;

(4) Forging or altering a ship’s registration plate, buying, selling or using a forged or altered ship’s registration plate, or altering a ship’s engine number.

Article 53 Where a ship enters or stops in waters or islands prohibited or restricted by the state without authorization, the person in charge of the ship and the relevant responsible personnel shall be fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for less than 5 days and fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan.

Article 54 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and shall be fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan:

(a) in violation of state regulations, without registration, in the name of social organizations, but still carry out activities after being banned;

(2) A social organization whose registration has been revoked according to law still conducts activities in the name of a social organization;

(three) without permission, operating an industry that requires the permission of the public security organ in accordance with state regulations.

Any act mentioned in the third paragraph shall be banned.

If an operator who has obtained the license from the public security organ violates the relevant state regulations and the circumstances are serious, the public security organ may revoke the license.

Article 55 Whoever incites or plans an illegal assembly, procession or demonstration and does not listen to dissuasion shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days.

Article 56 Hotel workers who fail to register the names, types and numbers of identity documents of the staying passengers as required, or who knowingly bring dangerous substances into the hotel and fail to stop them, shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan.

Staff in the hotel industry who know that the passengers staying are criminal suspects or wanted by the public security organs and do not report to the public security organs shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for less than 5 days and may be fined less than 500 yuan.

Article 57 Where a lessor rents a house to a person without identity documents, or fails to register the lessee’s name, type and number of identity documents as required, he shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan.

If the lessor of the house knows that the lessee uses the leased house for criminal activities and fails to report to the public security organ, he shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for less than 5 days and may be fined less than 500 yuan.

Fifty-eighth in violation of the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of noise pollution in social life, making noise to interfere with the normal life of others, be warned; Those who do not make corrections after warning shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan.

Fifty-ninth one of the following acts, a fine of more than 500 yuan and less than 1000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and shall be fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan:

(1) The pawnbroker fails to check the relevant certificates, fails to perform the registration procedures, or fails to report to the public security organ knowing that it is a criminal suspect or stolen goods;

(two) in violation of state regulations, the acquisition of railways, oil fields, power supply, telecommunications, mines, water conservancy, surveying and urban public facilities and other waste special equipment;

(3) purchasing stolen goods or articles suspected of stolen goods notified by public security organs for investigation;

(four) the acquisition of other items prohibited by the state.

Article 60 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan:

(1) Hiding, transferring, selling off or damaging the property seized, sealed up or frozen by administrative law enforcement organs according to law;

(two) forgery, concealment, destruction of evidence or providing false testimony, lying about the case, affecting the administrative law enforcement organs in handling cases according to law;

(3) Concealing, transferring or selling on behalf of others knowing that it is stolen goods;

(4) A criminal who is under public surveillance according to law, deprived of political rights, on probation or temporarily serving his sentence outside prison, or a person who is subject to criminal compulsory measures according to law, has violated laws, administrative regulations or the supervision and management regulations of the relevant departments of the State Council.

Article 61 Whoever assists in organizing or transporting others to cross the country (border) illegally shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and shall also be fined not less than 5,000 yuan in 1000 yuan.

Article 62 Whoever provides conditions for people who cross the country (border) illegally shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and shall also be fined not less than 2,000 yuan in 500 yuan.

Those who illegally cross the country (border) shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Sixty-third one of the following acts, a warning or a fine of 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 5 days and less than 10 days, and shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan:

(1) Delineating, smearing or otherwise intentionally damaging cultural relics and places of interest under state protection;

(two) in violation of state regulations, blasting, excavation and other activities in the vicinity of cultural relics protection units, endangering the safety of cultural relics.

Article 64 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan:

(a) stealing another person’s motor vehicle;

(2) Driving or stealing another person’s aircraft or motor ship without a driver’s license.

Article 65 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may also be fined for 1000 yuan:

(1) Deliberately destroying or defacing the graves of others or destroying or discarding the bones and ashes of others;

(2) Parking a corpse in a public place or refusing to listen to dissuasion because parking a corpse affects the normal life and work order of others.

Article 66 Whoever engages in prostitution or whoring shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Whoever soliciting prostitutes in public places shall be detained for not more than five days or fined for not more than 500 yuan.

Article 67 Whoever lures, shelters or introduces others to prostitution shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Article 68 Whoever makes, transports, copies, sells or rents obscene books, periodicals, pictures, films, audio-visual products and other obscene articles or uses computer information networks, telephones and other communication tools to disseminate obscene information shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan.

Article 69 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and shall be fined from 500 yuan to 1000 yuan:

(1) Organizing the broadcasting of obscene audio and video;

(2) Organizing or performing obscene performances;

(three) to participate in the activities of gathering people for fornication.

Whoever knowingly provides conditions for others to engage in the activities mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 70 Whoever, for the purpose of making profits, provides conditions for gambling, or participates in gambling with a large amount of money, shall be detained for not more than 5 days or fined for not more than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and shall be fined more than 3,000 yuan in 500 yuan.

Article 71 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan:

(1) Illegally planting less than 500 opium poppies or a small amount of other original drugs;

(2) illegally buying, selling, transporting, carrying or holding a small amount of seeds or seedlings of narcotic plants such as opium poppy that have not been inactivated;

(3) illegally transporting, trading, storing or using a small amount of poppy shells.

Whoever commits the act mentioned in the preceding paragraph and eradicates himself before maturity shall not be punished.

Article 72 Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and may be fined up to 2,000 yuan; If the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for less than 5 days or fined for less than 500 yuan:

(a) illegal possession of opium less than 200 grams, heroin or methamphetamine less than 10 grams or other small amounts of drugs;

(2) Providing drugs to others;

(3) taking or injecting drugs;

(4) coercing or deceiving medical personnel to prescribe narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs.

Article 73 Whoever instigates, lures or deceives others to take or inject drugs shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days, and shall also be fined more than 2,000 yuan in 500 yuan.

Article 74 Personnel in hotels, catering services, cultural and entertainment industries, taxi industry and other units who tip off the criminals when the public security organs investigate and deal with drug abuse, gambling, prostitution and whoring activities shall be detained for more than 10 days and less than 15 days.

Article 75 Anyone who raises animals and interferes with the normal life of others shall be given a warning; Those who do not correct after warning, or allow animals to intimidate others, shall be fined from 200 yuan to 500 yuan.

Whoever drives animals to harm others shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 43 of this Law.

Article 76 Whoever commits any of the acts mentioned in Articles 67, 68 and 70 of this Law and refuses to mend his ways after repeated education may take compulsory education measures in accordance with the provisions of the state.

Chapter IV Punishment Procedure

Section 1 Investigation

Article 77 The public security organ shall promptly accept and register cases of violation of public security management referred by other administrative departments and judicial organs for those who report, accuse, report or violate public security management.

Article 78 After accepting a report, complaint, report or surrender, the public security organ shall immediately investigate if it considers that it is a violation of public security administration; If it is considered that it is not a violation of public security administration, it shall inform the informant, accuser, informant and surrender, and explain the reasons.

Article 79 Public security organs and their people’s police shall investigate public security cases according to law. It is strictly forbidden to extort confessions by torture or collect evidence by threats, enticements, deception and other illegal means.

Evidence collected by illegal means shall not be used as the basis for punishment.

Article 80 When handling public security cases, public security organs and their people’s policemen shall keep confidential the state secrets, business secrets or personal privacy involved.

Eighty-first people’s police in the process of handling public security cases, in any of the following circumstances, should be avoided; The violator of public security administration, the infringed person or his legal representative also have the right to ask them to withdraw:

(a) is a party to the case or a close relative of the party;

(2) He or his close relatives have an interest in the case;

(3) Having other relations with the parties to the case, which may affect the fair handling of the case.

The withdrawal of the people’s police shall be decided by the public security organ to which it belongs; The withdrawal of the person in charge of the public security organ shall be decided by the public security organ at the next higher level.

Article 82 If it is necessary to summon a person who violates the administration of public security for investigation, he shall be summoned with a summons card with the approval of the person in charge of the case-handling department of the public security organ. The people’s police may summon the violator of public security management found on the spot orally after producing their work certificates, but it shall be indicated in the inquiry record.

The public security organ shall inform the summoned person of the reasons and basis for the summons. A person who refuses to accept a summons or evades it without justifiable reasons may be summoned by force.

Article 83 After being summoned, the public security organ shall promptly inquire and verify the person who violates the administration of public security, and the time for inquiry and verification shall not exceed 8 hours. If the situation is complicated and administrative detention punishment may be applied according to the provisions of this law, the time for inquiry and verification shall not exceed 24 hours.

The public security organ shall promptly notify the family members of the summoned person of the reasons and places for summoning.

Article 84 The record of inquiry shall be submitted to the person being questioned for verification; Those who are unable to read should be read out to them. If there are omissions or errors in the records, the person questioned may make additions or corrections. After the person questioned confirms that the transcript is correct, he shall sign or seal it, and the people’s police who inquire shall also sign the transcript.

If the person being questioned requests to provide written materials on the matters being questioned, it shall be allowed; When necessary, the people’s police may also ask the person being questioned to write by himself.

When inquiring about an offender under the age of 16 who violates the administration of public security, he shall notify his parents or other guardians to be present.

Article 85 The people’s police may ask the infringed person or other witnesses at their unit or residence. When necessary, they may also be notified to give testimony to the public security organs.

When the people’s police question the infringed person or other witnesses outside the public security organ, they shall produce their work certificates.

The provisions of Article 84 of this Law shall also apply to the questioning of the infringed person or other witnesses.

Article 86 When inquiring about the deaf-mute violator of public security administration, the victim or other witnesses, a person who knows sign language should provide assistance and make a note on the record.

When questioning the violator of public security administration, the victim or other witnesses who are not familiar with the spoken and written language commonly used in the local area, translators shall be provided and noted in the transcript.

Article 87 Public security organs may inspect places, articles and persons related to acts violating the administration of public security. At the time of inspection, the people’s police shall not be less than 2 people, and shall produce their work certificates and inspection certificates issued by the public security organs of the people’s governments at or above the county level. If it is really necessary to conduct an immediate inspection, the people’s police may conduct an on-the-spot inspection after presenting their work certificates, but the inspection certificate issued by the public security organ of the people’s government at or above the county level shall be presented when inspecting a citizen’s residence.

Physical examination of women should be carried out by female staff.

Eighty-eighth inspection records shall be made, which shall be signed or sealed by the inspector, the inspected and the witness; If the inspected refuses to sign, the people’s police shall indicate it on the record.

Article 89 When handling a public security case, the public security organ may seize the articles related to the case that need to be used as evidence; Property legally possessed by the infringed or a bona fide third party shall not be seized and shall be registered. Articles irrelevant to the case shall not be seized.

The seized articles shall be checked clearly together with the witnesses present and the holders of the seized articles, and a list shall be made in duplicate on the spot, signed or sealed by the investigators, witnesses and holders, one for the holder and the other for future reference.

The seized articles shall be properly kept and shall not be used for other purposes; Articles that are not suitable for long-term preservation shall be handled in accordance with relevant regulations. If it is found that it has nothing to do with the case, it shall be returned in time; If it is verified to be the lawful property of others, it shall be returned immediately after registration; If no one claims the property for six months or the obligee cannot be identified, it shall be auctioned publicly or handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the state treasury.

Article 90 In order to find out the facts of the case, if it is necessary to solve the controversial special problems in the case, a person with specialized knowledge shall be appointed or hired for appraisal; After appraisal, the appraiser shall write an appraisal opinion and sign it.

Section II Decisions

Article 91 The punishment for public security administration shall be decided by the public security organ of the people’s government at or above the county level; Among them, the warning and the fine below 500 yuan can be decided by the police station.

Article 92 For those who decide to impose administrative detention, the time when compulsory measures have been taken to restrict personal freedom before the punishment shall be credited. One day’s restriction of personal freedom will be reduced to one day’s administrative detention.

Article 93 When investigating a public security case, the public security organ may make a decision on administrative penalties for public security if there is no personal statement but other evidence can prove the facts of the case. However, if there is no other evidence to prove it, a decision on administrative penalties for public security cannot be made.

Article 94 Before making a decision on administrative penalties for public security, the public security organ shall inform the violator of administrative penalties for public security of the facts, reasons and basis, and inform the violator of their rights according to law.

Those who violate the administration of public security have the right to state and defend themselves. The public security organ must fully listen to the opinions of those who violate the administration of public security, and review the facts, reasons and evidence put forward by those who violate the administration of public security; If the facts, reasons or evidence put forward by the violator of public security administration are established, the public security organ shall adopt them.

The public security organ shall not increase the punishment because of the statements and defenses of the violators of public security administration.

Ninety-fifth after the investigation of public security cases, the public security organs shall make the following treatments according to different situations:

(a) there are indeed illegal acts that should be given administrative penalties for public security according to law, and a decision on punishment shall be made according to the seriousness and specific circumstances;

(two) no punishment according to law, or the illegal facts can not be established, make a decision not to punish;

(three) if the illegal act has been suspected of committing a crime, it shall be transferred to the competent authority for criminal responsibility according to law;

(4) If the violator of public security administration is found to have other illegal acts, it shall notify the relevant administrative departments to deal with the violation of public security administration while making a decision on punishment.

Article 96 Where a public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security, it shall make a written decision on administrative penalties for public security. The written decision shall contain the following contents:

(a) the name, sex, age, name and number of identity documents and address of the person being punished;

(2) Illegal facts and evidence;

(three) the types and basis of punishment;

(four) the execution method and time limit of the punishment;

(five) the way and time limit for applying for administrative reconsideration and bringing an administrative lawsuit against the punishment decision;

(six) the name of the public security organ that made the decision on punishment and the date of making the decision.

The written decision shall be sealed by the public security organ that made the decision on punishment.

Article 97 The public security organ shall announce the written decision on administrative penalties for public security to the punished person and deliver it to the punished person on the spot. If it cannot be announced to the punished person on the spot, it shall be served on the punished person within 2 days. If it is decided to impose administrative detention, it shall promptly notify the family members of the punished person.

If there is an infringed person, the public security organ shall send a copy of the decision to the infringed person.

Article 98 Before the public security organ makes a decision to revoke the license and impose a fine of more than 2,000 yuan, it shall inform the violator of public security administration that he has the right to request a hearing; If the violator of public security administration requests a hearing, the public security organ shall promptly hold a hearing according to law.

Article 99 The time limit for public security organs to handle public security cases shall not exceed 30 days from the date of acceptance; If the case is serious and complicated, it may be extended for 30 days with the approval of the public security organ at the next higher level.

In order to find out the case, the period of appraisal is not included in the time limit for handling public security cases.

100th violation of public security management, with clear facts and conclusive evidence, shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 200 yuan, and a decision on administrative penalties for public security may be made on the spot.

Article 101 If a decision on administrative punishment for public security is made on the spot, the people’s police shall show their work certificates to the violator of administrative punishment for public security, and fill in the punishment decision. The penalty decision shall be delivered to the punished person on the spot; If there is an infringed person, a copy of the decision will be copied to the infringed person.

The written decision on punishment prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall specify the name of the person being punished, the illegal act, the basis for punishment, the amount of the fine, the time and place, and the name of the public security organ, and shall be signed or sealed by the people’s police in charge.

If a decision on administrative penalties for public security is made on the spot, the people’s police handling it shall report it to the public security organ for the record within 24 hours.

Article 102 If the punished person refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment for public security, he may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.

Section III Execution

Article 103 A person who has been decided to be given administrative detention shall be sent to a detention center for execution by the public security organ that made the decision.

Article 104 A person punished by a fine shall pay the fine at a designated bank within 15 days from the date of receiving the penalty decision. However, in any of the following circumstances, the people’s police may collect the fine on the spot:

(1) Being fined below 50 yuan, and the punished person has no objection to the fine;

(2) In remote, water-covered and inaccessible areas, after the public security organ and its people’s police have made a fine decision in accordance with the provisions of this Law, it is indeed difficult for the punished person to pay the fine to the designated bank, and the punished person has proposed it;

(three) the person who has been punished has no fixed residence in the local area, and it is difficult to implement it after it is not collected on the spot.

Article 105 The fines collected by the people’s police on the spot shall be handed over to the public security organs to which they belong within 2 days from the date of collecting the fines; Fines collected on the spot on water or passenger trains shall be handed over to the public security organs within 2 days from the date of arrival at the shore or station; The public security organ shall pay the fine to the designated bank within 2 days from the date of receiving the fine.

Article 106 If the people’s police collect fines on the spot, they shall issue a receipt for fines uniformly issued by the financial departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to the person being punished; If the penalty receipt is not issued uniformly, the punished person has the right to refuse to pay the penalty.

Article 107 If a punished person refuses to accept the decision on administrative detention and applies for administrative reconsideration or brings an administrative lawsuit, he may apply to the public security organ for suspending the execution of administrative detention. If the public security organ thinks that the suspension of administrative detention will not cause social danger, the punished person or his close relatives shall provide a guarantor meeting the conditions stipulated in Article 108 of this Law, or pay a deposit according to the standard of daily administrative detention of 200 yuan, and the punishment decision of administrative detention shall be suspended.

Article 108 A guarantor shall meet the following conditions:

(1) Not involved in this case;

(two) enjoy political rights, personal freedom is not restricted;

(3) Having permanent residence and permanent residence in the local area;

(4) Having the ability to perform the guarantee obligations.

Article 109 A guarantor shall ensure that the guaranteed person does not evade the execution of administrative detention punishment.

If the guarantor fails to perform the guarantee obligation, causing the guarantor to evade the execution of administrative detention punishment, the public security organ shall impose a fine of not more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 110 If a person who has been decided to give administrative detention punishment pays a deposit and evades the execution of administrative detention punishment after suspending administrative detention, the deposit shall be confiscated and turned over to the state treasury, and the administrative detention decision already made shall still be implemented.

Article 111 If the decision on the punishment of administrative detention is revoked or the punishment of administrative detention begins to be executed, the security deposit collected by the public security organ shall be returned to the payer in time.

Chapter V Law Enforcement Supervision

Article 112 Public security organs and their people’s policemen shall handle public security cases in accordance with the law, fairly, strictly and efficiently, enforce the law in a civilized manner, and shall not practice favoritism and malpractice.

Article 113 When handling public security cases, public security organs and their people’s policemen are forbidden to abuse, abuse or insult those who violate the administration of public security.

Article 114 Public security organs and their people’s police should consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens when handling public security cases.

Any unit or individual has the right to report and accuse the public security organ or the people’s procuratorate or the administrative supervision organ if the public security organ and its people’s police do not strictly enforce the law or violate the law and discipline in handling public security cases; The organ that receives the report or complaint shall handle it in a timely manner according to its duties.

Article 115th the public security organs shall, when imposing fines according to law, separate the decision on fines from the collection of fines in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations; All fines collected shall be turned over to the state treasury.

116th people’s police in handling public security cases, one of the following acts, shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

(1) extorting a confession by torture, corporal punishment, maltreating or insulting others;

(2) restricting personal freedom beyond the time limit for inquiry and verification;

(3) Failing to implement the system of separating fine decision from fine collection, or failing to turn over confiscated property to the state treasury or deal with it according to law;

(four) dividing, embezzling, misappropriating or deliberately damaging the confiscated or detained property;

(5) using or not returning the property of the infringed person in time in violation of regulations;

(six) in violation of the provisions of the deposit is not returned in time;

(seven) taking advantage of his position to accept other people’s property or seek other benefits;

(eight) collecting fines on the spot without issuing a fine receipt or truthfully filling in the amount of fines;

(nine) after receiving the alarm to stop the violation of public security management, it is not timely to call the police;

(ten) in the investigation of violations of public security management activities, for the illegal and criminal acts;

(eleven) there are other circumstances of favoritism, abuse of power, and failure to perform their statutory duties according to law.

If a public security organ handling a public security case commits any of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given corresponding administrative sanctions.

Article 117 If the public security organ and its people’s police illegally exercise their functions and powers and infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, they shall make an apology; If damage is caused, it shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 118 The term "above, below and within" as mentioned in this Law includes this number.

Article 119 This Law shall come into force as of March 1, 2006. The Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security promulgated on September 5, 1986 and revised and promulgated on May 12, 1994 shall be abolished at the same time.

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Editor: Golden Sword

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Original title: People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Administration Punishment Law

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The construction (and pipe network) project of Tongde County tap water purification plant aided by Jiangsu has a total investment of 22.08 million yuan.

　　I live at the head of the Yangtze River, and you live at the end of the Yangtze River … …

　　This ancient poem is a vivid portrayal of the thousands of miles of love between Jiangsu and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province (hereinafter referred to as Hainan Prefecture). From the bank of the Yangtze River to the source of the Three Rivers, although it is far away from Qian Shan, the people of Jiangsu and Qinghai are hand in hand and heart in hand because of counterpart support.

　　Where you go, what you love depends on. Since July, 2016, the third batch of cadres in Jiangsu Province have blossomed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau like Gesanghua, contributing their youth and strength to the construction of Hainan in a new era.

　　Over the past three years, on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an average elevation of more than 3,000 meters, both the majestic mountains and the vast grasslands with beautiful scenery have recorded a long and touching story, telling the indissoluble love between a coastal province and a Tibetan autonomous prefecture. "In Jiangsu Province, 35 cadres and talents (including 10 rotations) have gone to Hainan. Along with it, there are 917 million yuan of financial funds from Jiangsu to support Hainan, and 113 aid projects around key areas such as rural infrastructure construction, education and health, and ecological environment protection. " Wang Xiandong, commander-in-chief of the third batch of youth aid headquarters in Jiangsu Province, said.

　　Precisely launching livelihood projects to enhance people’s sense of gain in Hainan.

　　Deng Yong’s wonderful story of "Looking for Water Director" is a household name in guinan county, Hainan.

　　Deng Yong is a senior engineer of Yangzhou Water Conservancy Bureau and 111 young scientific and technological talents of Jiangsu Water Conservancy System. At the end of July 2016, he came to guinan county and served as the deputy director of guinan county Water Resources Bureau. Guinan county, the source of the Three Rivers, is rich in water, but Tibetans live in scattered places, scattered on grass beaches or valleys. Drinking water for people and animals has become a big problem, and Tibetans are eager for stable and reliable water sources.

　　When I came to Guinan, finding water became the first important thing for Deng Yong. In just two months, he traveled all over the county’s water conservancy projects. At 8 o’clock every morning, he leads his department staff deep into the mountains and bumps along Panshan Road. As soon as they arrived at their destination, they quickly searched for water along the cracks in the mountains, and it was common for a family to find seven or eight days. He walked over mountains and mountains in Guorenduo village of Shagou township for a whole week before he found gurgling water in the gravel. A reservoir was built on the mountain and led to the cellar of each household through pipelines.

　　Tongde county tap water purification plant construction project, with a total investment of 22.08 million yuan. This fully automatic and unattended tap water purification plant has been in operation for 10 months and has treated 1.2 million tons of water. The water source of tap water purification plant is taken from groundwater. After the opening of the factory, it largely ensured the production and living water requirements of 33,000 people (including floating population) in the new old town of Tongde County, 1,026 people in the town of Gabasondo, and more than 10,000 large and small livestock, as well as the water requirements of various social facilities, and provided safe, reliable and pure drinking water for the broad masses of urban and rural residents. "With the tap water purification plant, the water quality is more stable and the water safety of local people is guaranteed." Ren Qing, director of the Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Water Resources Bureau of Tongde County, said.

　　In addition to ensuring that people who lack water have water to drink, medical care and housing … … Jiangsu is also actively promoting various livelihood projects in the local area.

　　The special geographical location leads to the backward development of health undertakings in Xinghai County. "Xinghai’s local clinical diagnosis and treatment ability is not strong, and people often have to go to other places to see a doctor." Zhiming Sun, a youth aid health cadre, told reporters that this situation has changed significantly with the aid of Jiangsu counterparts — — The comprehensive building of inpatient medical technology and the comprehensive building of traditional prevention and treatment of diseases in Xinghai Tibetan Hospital aided by Jiangsu have been completed one after another. At present, Xinghai Tibetan Hospital has changed from a small clinic to the best Tibetan hospital at the county level in Qinghai Province. The medical environment has been further improved, and the annual hospitalization has increased by more than 10 times.

　　In July, Saizong Mountain was sunny and warm, and it was scattered in a small Tibetan courtyard in Amdo Folk Culture Village, Xinghai County. Yang Zongtai, a 41-year-old householder, is a poverty-stricken household in Xinghai County. In October 2018, their family of five moved into this place less than two kilometers from the county seat. The adobe house that used to be drafty in winter and leaking in summer has suddenly become a new house of 80 square meters. In today’s Amdo Folk Culture Village, rows of bungalows with blue roofs, white walls and yards are arranged neatly; There is a big green playground in the middle of the village. The children are playing on the playground, and the old people are taking a walk and exercising.

　　At present, each project and a string of data all condense the deep friendship between Jiangsu and Hainan, and record a long and moving story.

Zhang Jie led the department staff to check the quality of medical records.

　　Talent and intelligence blend with each other to forge a team rooted in the plateau

　　For three years, Qian Xin, a youth aid teacher in Guide High School in Hainan, comes to school early every day to inspect, supervise and guide students’ morning reading. Mobilize the Guidance for College Entrance Examination Review for senior three teachers every year, give a lecture on how to do the curriculum reform for the whole school, and mobilize the curriculum reform in action for teachers under 40 years old … … He took the lead in organizing the review and discussion activities of senior three in Quanzhou, and the classroom was open to all teachers at any time.

　　Mentoring has always been an important mission of Jiangsu youth aid workers.

　　The same is true of Zhang Jie, who previously served as the vice president of Xinghai County People’s Hospital. In addition to using the operating table as a classroom and explaining the important steps and operation points in detail during the operation, he also proposed: selecting business backbones and transporting them to Zhang Jie’s original unit, Pizhou People’s Hospital for training, further study and study; Organize exchange and study between the staff of the two hospitals, and conduct free clinic and operation for patients in Xinghai County; Updating medical equipment, Pizhou People’s Hospital donated Xinghai People’s Hospital to import a set of color Doppler ultrasound equipment and put it into use; Mobilize medical staff to carry out health education for patients, record the contact information of patients, track the illness and enhance the health awareness of local people. Now, the obstetricians and gynecologists in Xinghai County People’s Hospital have made Zhuo Ma a backbone doctor in the department, and some gynecological operations that were difficult to carry out in the past can now be done normally.

　　Since the launch of the third batch of youth aid work, Jiangsu workers in Hainan have carried forward the hard work style of "lack of oxygen and lack of spirit", and have been growing and progressing on the plateau, and a number of typical figures have emerged, demonstrating the good image of Jiangsu cadres who are loyal and clean. Qian Xin is determined to reform and strictly manage the school, and the teaching quality of Guide Middle School has improved significantly. Dr. Yaohua Chen stayed in office for three years, performed cataract surgery, broke through one technical bottleneck after another, and was rated as "a good doctor in China"; Dr. Wang Huihui’s "33 Work Method" has been fully promoted in Hainan … …

　　In the past three years, Jiangsu has made great progress in group-based teaching, and the plan of "Famous Teachers Entering Hainan" has been successfully implemented, taking the lead in launching cross-provincial counterparts in higher vocational colleges, exploring new paths for promoting accurate poverty alleviation through education, blocking intergenerational transmission of poverty, and improving the level of vocational education and personnel training in ethnic areas. The effect of health poverty alleviation is obvious. We actively organized the "Heart-Friendly Project" and "Bright Walk" public welfare activities, and screened out 54 children with congenital heart disease who were in urgent need of surgery to get free assistance in Jiangsu and all recovered. With the continuous expansion of labor cooperation, with the support of relevant cities and counties in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Youth Aid Headquarters took the lead in organizing people to work in the mainland, and grassland herders became industrial workers through self-reliance, which played a good demonstration role in Hainan.

In the workshop of Yuanjing Energy (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., workers are busy hoisting and assembling fan parts.

　　Deeply planting the seeds of industrial cooperation to promote the two places to stride towards a well-off society hand in hand

　　Jiangsu and Hainan have become a "family" because of aid construction. Jiangsu youth aid cadres deeply planted the seeds of industrial cooperation in Qinghai, and promoted the cadres and masses of the two places to stride towards a well-off society hand in hand.

　　On July 16th, Yuanjing Energy (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., located in Hainan Green Industry Development Park, was a Jiangsu enterprise that directly set up a wind power equipment factory in the park. "Jiangsu is a major manufacturing province in the country, and Qinghai is a demonstration province of clean energy. It is entirely local to introduce Jiangsu’s high-end manufacturing into Qinghai. Through the formation of upstream and downstream supporting agglomeration by leading enterprises in Jiangsu, leading enterprises will be brought out of the base of high-end manufacturing industry. " The relevant person in charge of the park management Committee said.

　　The reporter learned that in 2018, there were 86 enterprises in Hainan Green Industry Development Park, including 6 enterprises in Jiangsu; The photovoltaic and wind power equipment used in the park involves 20 Jiangsu production enterprises and 35 kinds of products, equivalent to 2.5 billion yuan. Last year, the power generation of the park was 6 billion kWh, of which Jiangsu consumed nearly 1 billion kWh, and all 1 billion kWh was clean energy, realizing the "power transmission from west to east" of clean energy.

　　In Amdo Folk Culture Village, Xinghai County, an e-commerce service center that has been in operation is opening a new way of life for local residents. The well-known "Shaji model" in China has been replicated here, that is, the "farmer+network+company" model: through farmers’ entrepreneurship and training e-commerce leaders and demonstration households, a "chain reaction" has been formed to promote the industrial development of villages, towns and counties.

　　In June 2018, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province seized the opportunity of the Taobao Forum held in Suining County, invited Xinghai County to participate in the Taobao Summit and the Taobao High-end Forum, and facilitated the successful signing of the contract between Xinghai Qinghai-Tibet Terminal Company and Xiaobu. com. Suining county government and Xinghai county government reached a memorandum of cooperation on online business development, and Suining county sent two groups of experts to Xinghai enterprises, towns and villages to help develop the characteristic online business industry. Using the "sand collection model" for reference, the local government explored "farmers — — Cooperatives — — The mode of e-commerce platform, that is, cooperatives buy agricultural and sideline products from every household, and the e-commerce platform makes raw materials into finished products and sells them on the e-commerce platform.

　　In recent years, the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Commerce has gone all out to support the promotion of e-commerce development in the western region, and He Jianbo, a cadre of the Department, has been helping the youth for six consecutive years. Thanks to his efforts, the largest e-commerce poverty alleviation training shop in Suning.cn opened in Gonghe County. By the end of 2018, the poverty alleviation training shop had achieved sales of 2.3 million yuan, and the sales of Hainan Pavilion with Chinese characteristics increased by 300% year-on-year.

　　Teams are passed down from generation to generation, projects are accelerated, and practical results are achieved one by one … … After three years’ efforts, the exchanges, contacts and blending between Jiangsu and Hainan have written a new chapter. In the past three years, Jiangsu’s youth aid cadres have interpreted their responsibilities and responsibilities with practical actions, completed the aid construction tasks entrusted by the party Committee and government and the people in their hometown, and built a bridge between the east and the west. (Qiyuan Huang)

　　Zhengzhou, People’s Daily Online, July 27 (Zhang Yili) A week after the "July 19" major explosion accident at Yima Gasification Plant of Henan Gas Group, the emergency management department issued a notice on the 26th, killing 15 people and seriously injuring 16 others. After preliminary investigation and analysis, the direct cause of the accident was that the leakage of the cold box of the air separation device was not handled in time, and a "sand explosion" occurred. The equipment leaked 24 days before the accident, but no attention was paid to the ultimate disaster.

　　24 days before the explosion, the leak still runs "sick"

　　According to the preliminary investigation and analysis, the direct cause of the accident was that the leakage of the cold box of the air separation unit was not handled in time, resulting in a "sand explosion" (a large amount of low-temperature liquid will be stored in the pearlescent sand in the insulation layer when the cold box leaks, and when the low-temperature liquid evaporates rapidly, the shell of the cold box will be cracked, and a large amount of pearlescent sand will be ejected with gas), which in turn led to the collapse of the cold box, resulting in the rupture of the nearby 500 cubic meters of liquid oxygen storage tank, the rapid leakage of a large amount of liquid oxygen, and the surrounding combustible materials will explode and burn under The specific cause of the accident is under further investigation.

　　According to the report, since the beginning of this year, there have been three major accidents in the chemical industry in China, namely "3 21" in Xiangshui, Jiangsu, "4 15" in Jinan, Shandong and "7 19" in Sanmenxia, Henan, which caused heavy casualties and bad influence, causing widespread concern in society.

　　The accident was caused by the air separation device in Yima Gasification Plant that failed to eliminate the hidden danger in time after the leakage and continued to operate with illness. On June 26, 2019, the purification branch of Yima Gasification Plant found that the oxygen content in the insulation layer of the cold box of C air separation unit increased, and it was judged that there was a small amount of oxygen leakage, but it did not attract enough attention, so it was considered that the monitoring operation was enough; On July 12, cracks appeared on the outer surface of the cold box, and the leakage volume further increased. Due to the imperfect equipment of the standby air separation system, the enterprise still insisted on "sick" production and failed to take timely measures to stop production and maintenance until the explosion accident occurred on July 19.

　　The Emergency Management Department requires all relevant enterprises in the country to seriously learn from the lessons of accidents, establish the concept of "hidden dangers are accidents", ensure that hidden dangers are eliminated as soon as they are discovered, and resolutely put an end to the operation of equipment with diseases. Local emergency management departments at all levels should strictly enforce the law and inspect, and if there are major hidden dangers such as the operation of equipment with diseases, they should be ordered to dispose of them immediately and be punished according to law.

　　Once advanced enterprises in production safety exposed management loopholes.

　　Yima Gasification Plant used to be an advanced enterprise in safety production. However, due to the loopholes in total factor safety management and the indifference of safety awareness and risk awareness of equipment and production, the management of equipment and other majors declined, which became an important cause of accidents. The accident also exposed some outstanding problems, such as unreasonable design and layout of the factory and insufficient attention to the safety production of supporting devices such as air separation.

　　The chemical production process is complex and the conditions are harsh. Most of the materials are flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful. In addition, the operating conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and low temperature all put forward strict requirements for the equipment. In daily production, process fluctuation, illegal operation, improper use and inadequate maintenance can cause equipment failure, lead to material leakage and lead to accidents.

　　According to the circular, strengthening equipment integrity management is the basis of chemical safety production, and all relevant enterprises should attach great importance to equipment professional management, optimize equipment design and selection from the source, and improve the intrinsic safety level. It is necessary to optimize the equipment and facilities with mature technology and good performance, master the safety information such as equipment design materials and operating parameters, and formulate strict technical regulations for equipment inspection and maintenance. It is necessary to increase the frequency of inspection and inspection of key parts, ensure that spare equipment is in good condition, earnestly carry out preventive maintenance, and eliminate hidden dangers in the bud.

　　By analogy, resolutely prevent and contain serious accidents.

　　According to the circular, after the accident, leading comrades in the State Council attached great importance to it and made important instructions, demanding that all efforts should be made to search and rescue personnel and treat the wounded, find out the cause of the accident as soon as possible, and deal with it seriously according to the law and regulations. At the same time, they deeply learned the lessons from the accident, made the safety supervision of hazardous chemicals enterprises the top priority, further investigated relevant safety hazards, and strictly prevented the occurrence of serious accidents.

　　In order to draw lessons from accidents, strengthen risk investigation and control by analogy, effectively implement the main responsibility of enterprises for safe production, further strengthen the work of safe production of dangerous chemicals, resolutely prevent and contain serious accidents, and fully safeguard the safety of people’s lives and property, the emergency management department requires that equipment and equipment should not run with diseases and carry out special inspections of air separation units. Strengthen the professional management of equipment, ensure the sound operation of equipment and the total factor management of chemical process safety, focus on the warning education of the main responsible persons of enterprises, conscientiously do a good job in the safety production of chemical and dangerous chemicals in the current high temperature season, and create a stable safety environment for the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China.

Incident scene

　　Education is the foundation of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. The National Education Conference held on September 9-10 blew a new horn for building an education power.

　　"We must persist in taking the people as the center, constantly improve the inclusiveness, accessibility and convenience of education public services, and make the achievements of education reform and development more fair and benefit all the people." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the meeting.

　　Looking back on the past, during his work in Zhejiang, the Supreme Leader attached great importance to education and promoted the implementation of "four projects" in rural primary and secondary schools, namely, the project of subsidizing students with financial difficulties, the project of caring nutritious meals, the project of reforming accommodation and improving teachers’ quality, so as to continuously improve the balanced development level of urban and rural education in Zhejiang.

　　Strengthen the teacher before teaching.

　　In the study of Zheng Zhihu, the former principal of Tiantai Middle School, the photo of the Supreme Leader with the third provincial meritorious teacher on September 8, 2004 was hung in the most eye-catching place.

　　那天出席全省庆祝我国第20个教师节暨表彰优秀教师大会的情景，现在还不时清晰地浮现在郑志湖的脑海中。

　　省功勋教师，是当时浙江给予教师的最高荣誉，每位功勋教师可享受省部级劳动模范和先进工作者待遇。

　　那一年的17位获奖者中，绝大多数是在中小学一线辛勤耕耘的老师，其中多位来自山区海岛的学校。

　　郑志湖，在天台这个山区小县是出了名的“铁人”。

　　每天早上6时他就出现在校园里，晚上11时以后办公室的灯才熄灭。他扑下身子抓教学质量，天台中学成为浙江高中物理教学一张闪亮的名片。

　　在这次大会上，最高领袖同志代表省委、省政府，向受表彰的教师和先进个人表示祝贺，向全省广大教职员工致以问候，也强调要努力为广大教师创造良好的工作生活环境，真心诚意办实事，切实帮助他们解决工作、学习和生活中的各种实际困难和问题。一席话，让郑志湖这名基层教育工作者心中暖洋洋的。

　　郑志湖在学生寝室与学生谈心（资料图片）

　　“郑校长，昨晚在电视上看见习书记和你们握手了，他跟你说了啥？”“还给劳模待遇，省里真重视教师啊。”……

　　On the second day after receiving the commendation and returning to Tiantai, Zheng Zhihu walked to school as usual in the morning. On the way of just a few tens of meters, several neighbors pulled him to congratulate him.

　　In 2017, when he reached retirement age, an educational institution offered him an annual salary of one million yuan. However, when Tiantai County leaders suggested that Tiantai Middle School could not do without him and asked him to postpone his retirement for five years, Zheng Zhihu agreed without saying anything.

　　“‘ Meritorious teacher ’ It is not only a medal for decades of teaching career, but also a responsibility that must be shouldered as a front-line teacher. " Zheng Zhihu is proud that he has not failed to live up to the expectations of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and has always been steadfast in his dedication, making "Rise in the County" shine from the ideal into reality.

　　Strengthen the teacher before teaching. For rural primary and secondary schools, the improvement of education quality depends on the improvement of teachers’ quality first.

　　The pointer of time has been set back for 20 years. Lin Haohao, the principal of Sankui Town Central Primary School in Taishun County, is still a rural teacher who has tried his best but still cannot break through the professional bottleneck.

　　The project to improve the quality of rural primary and secondary school teachers promoted by the Supreme Leader in Zhejiang that year changed the growth track of many rural teachers like Lin Haohao, and then quietly changed rural education.

　　In 1995, Lin Shanghao, who just graduated from Pingyang Normal School, was assigned to the most remote rural school in Taishun, and he had to teach all subjects by himself. After working for six or seven years, he worked hard to participate in the lecture competition and voted for many papers, but he was always inferior to the teachers in the city.

　　"At that time, there were few training opportunities for teachers. I have only received a few on-campus trainings. The level of colleagues is similar, radish fried radish, not radish? "

　　Looking at Zhejiang at that time, the achievement rate of primary school teachers’ academic qualifications ranked lower in the country. Some primary school teachers have only a primary school diploma. Some teachers have to take time off to do farm work. When they walk into the classroom, their trouser legs are high and low, and there are mud spots on their legs that can’t be washed off.

　　In May, 2005, under the impetus of the Supreme Leader, the provincial finance allocated 20 million yuan as special funds, with famous teachers at the provincial and municipal levels as teachers, and began to carry out free training for 170,000 rural primary and secondary school teachers in the province from the summer vacation of that year.

　　In the absence of special teaching materials for training teachers, special-grade teachers in various disciplines and sections will compile them separately.

　　No one complained about the inconvenient transportation at the training site located in the county seat. No rural teacher wants to miss this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and he has to come to class on time after walking for an hour or two on the mountain road.

　　After three years of training courses, Lin Haohao found that he had made a breakthrough in improving his educational philosophy, the internal logic of classroom teaching and teaching design. Back in class, his state has changed completely. Since then, he has gradually grown into a senior Chinese teacher and a training object for Zhejiang famous teachers.

　　Zhejiang continues to implement the "Leading the Wild Goose Project" for rural primary and secondary school teachers, the training plan for Zhejiang famous teachers, principals and class teachers, and explores the "menu" and "order" training … … More and more "excellent forests" have emerged in rural primary and secondary schools, and the quality of rural education has continuously stepped onto a new level.

　　In August 2018, Pujiang Experimental Primary School Education Group and Puyang No.2 Primary School Education Group organized key teachers to study in Tsinghua University (data picture).

　　Let rural children read books and read good books.

　　At 8: 00 am on May 10th, 2005, I just arrived at work time.

　　Liu Yongwu, the headmaster of Changkeng Primary School in Dongdu, Jinyun County, was sitting in the office of the director of the county education bureau, waiting for a message.

　　"The first batch of accommodation renovation projects in the province has been decided, and the renovation of your school dormitory has been listed!" The director smiled and said, "How are you going to build … …”

　　Liu Yongwu rose abruptly from his chair and said as he walked out, "I’m going to make a plan now!"

　　Changkeng Primary School is a rural boarding school, but there has never been a dormitory. At that time, children in grades one to three slept in two rooms in an old ancestral hall.

　　There are more than 20 bunks in a room of more than 40 square meters, and 60 or 70 children have to sleep. Two first-grade children squeeze a bed 80 cm wide; Three second-grade children sleep in two bunks that are spliced together. Going to the toilet at night has to cross a pair of legs in the dark, which often wakes up most of the students in the dormitory. The so-called toilet is two wooden toilets in the corner.

　　The turning point appeared in 2003. In August and December of this year, the then supreme leader of Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee went to Lishui and Wenzhou to investigate the development of underdeveloped areas respectively. He not only went to the enterprise, went to Tiantou, but also visited the school. Many cadres and masses have reflected the problems that need to be solved urgently in rural basic education.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader gave clear instructions: "Let rural children read books and read good books."

　　After that, the Supreme Leader has repeatedly coordinated the provincial education department and other relevant departments to discuss together to provide better educational conditions for children in poverty-stricken areas.

　　In 2005, the construction of a strong education province was written into the document of the provincial party committee, which clearly put forward that the development of urban and rural education should be coordinated, rural education should be the top priority, the layout of rural education should be further optimized, the conditions for running schools in rural areas should be improved, and the level of running schools in rural areas should be improved.

　　In the same year, Zhejiang invested real money to start the "four projects" of rural primary and secondary schools.

　　September 1, 2006, this is a new semester written in the history of Changkeng Primary School. A brand-new white four-story building stands on the campus. The first floor is a canteen, and the other three floors are student dormitories.

　　Photo courtesy of the student dormitory (left) before 2005 and the current student dormitory (right) of Changkeng Primary School in Dongdu, Jinyun County.

　　The children flew into the new dormitory and found one after another — —

　　"One bed for each person, no need to squeeze in!"

　　"Come and see, there is a toilet!"

　　……

　　In the second year, many parents in the surrounding counties and districts took their children to Changkeng Primary School to register. Liu Yongwu said that at the peak, half the children in the school came from other counties.

　　In 2007, on the basis of the "Four Projects", Zhejiang listed the efforts to start the construction of all the "Four Projects" accommodation renovation projects in rural primary and secondary schools, and 90% of the projects were completed as ten aspects of people’s livelihood.

　　这项政策改善了十余万名浙江农村中小学生寄宿条件，更带动社会各界群策群力，为提升农村教育条件添砖加瓦。

　　“近20年过去了，今天孩子们依然住在习书记关心下建起的宿舍楼里，内部设施已经更新了好几代。”刘勇武说，如今宿舍不仅有空调、储物柜，还开辟了图书角等园地。

　　“四项工程”中的家庭经济困难学生资助扩面工程，把农村困难家庭孩子的书本费、学杂费、代管费等费用全部免除。浙江是全国最早实行这项规定的。

　　爱心营养餐工程，让山里娃第一次尝到了牛奶的味道。20年间，一些山区县中小学生的平均身高增长了十几厘米。

　　……

　　同一片蓝天下

　　“嘉禾参加了学校的扎染社团和科学社团，可忙啦！”新学期开学，杭州市文渊小学五（6）班袁嘉禾妈妈和宁夏老家的长辈打电话，乐呵呵地讲起女儿的近况。

　　这家人扎根杭州已十多年，孩子在公办学校就读，与杭州户籍孩子享受完全同等的义务教育免费政策。两口子说，孩子入学了，才觉得真正在这里安家了。

　　今年8月，杭州青少年活动中心与共青团杭州市滨江区委联合主办2024年“小候鸟”体育夏令营 杭州青少年活动中心供图

　　Time goes back to the beginning of the 21st century. With the acceleration of urbanization in Zhejiang, more and more children of migrant workers want to attend school in the city where their parents work, which brings a series of new topics.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader has a clear attitude towards this: create conditions for them to grow up healthily and happily together under the same blue sky.

　　For two consecutive years, the Supreme Leader and the children of migrant workers in Hangzhou celebrated Children’s Day on June 1st.

　　On May 31st, 2005, Hangzhou Youth Activity Center organized the children of migrant workers to participate in "Feeling Animation and Celebrating Together ‘ June 1st ’ " Activities. Some children do pottery, some learn animation in the computer room of "Little Doctor", and some operate small robots to find ore specimens in "space" … …

　　At this moment, a special guest came. The children shouted "Hello Uncle Xi" in unison.

　　During the exchange, the supreme leader comrade affirmed the children’s parents’ hard work for Hangzhou and wished the children healthy and happy growth in Hangzhou, the second hometown.

　　On the eve of Children’s Day on June 1st, 2006, the Supreme Leader came to Hangzhou Shuren Primary School to celebrate the festival with the children.

　　This is a school mainly for children of migrant workers. Jin Xiaolong, the then principal, remembers that at a parent-teacher meeting, a mother said with emotion: "When crossing the road, the children will tell us to watch the traffic lights and take the initiative to help wash the dishes after dinner. We are usually too busy to discipline our children, thanks to the school’s efforts in this regard. "

　　杭州树人小学如今的校园场景 学校供图

　　为了让外来务工人员子女更好融入城市生活，树人小学不仅教知识，还特别注重培养孩子们的行为习惯。学校里有一间“爱心小屋”，各界爱心人士捐助的文具、玩具琳琅满目，每件物品都被标上了分值。过马路走斑马线，见到老师同学要问好，帮爸爸妈妈做家务……这些日常习惯都能攒积分换礼物。

　　“习书记来学校时就参观了‘爱心小屋’，并细致询问如何获取爱心积分和奖励方法。”金小龙说，“习书记再三嘱咐我，不管是本地的还是外来的，要让孩子们共享优质教育的甘甜雨露。”

　　浙江省委、省政府把解决外来务工人员子女就学问题作为一项重大民生工程，持续推动。2006年，浙江将外来务工人员子女义务教育纳入政府教育事业发展规划；2009年，设立外来务工人员子女教育专项基金。

　　如今，符合条件的外省务工人员子女在浙江全面实现流入地升学。2023年，我省义务教育中小学随迁子女在校生达165.24万人，占全省义务教育段在校生的28.6%。

　　Nanjing, August 31 ST (Nanjing Taiwan reporter Meng Hao) According to the Voice of China "Global Chinese Broadcasting Network", what should I do if I send a courier and lose it? If you don’t choose the expensive "guaranteed price" service when sending the mail, the general courier company will only pay compensation according to the freight price, and consumers can only admit that they are unlucky. Yesterday (30th), Nanjing Consumers Association of Jiangsu Province announced the results of collecting consumers’ opinions on the "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery (Draft for Comment)" recently. In the future, the equivalent compensation for the loss of express delivery is expected to be realized.

　　As can be seen from the statistical table of consumer concerns, 29 of the 292 opinions are about compensation for delay, loss and damage of express mail, accounting for 10%, which has become the first hot issue. From the service agreements of many express delivery companies at present, it can be seen that if the uninsured products are lost, damaged or short, the maximum compensation amount will not exceed three times the postage paid, and many consumers will suffer losses.

　　Zhang Haoshu, director of the Complaints Department of Jiangsu Consumers Association, gave an example: someone sent a notebook from Nanjing to Yancheng, Jiangsu, and the recipient opened the parcel and found that the screen of the notebook had been damaged. However, according to the terms of the express delivery industry, the compensation is three times the postage. In fact, in the end, the highest compensation received by this person is less than that of 100 yuan, which is very different from his actual loss.

　　Article 25 of the "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery (Draft for Comment)" clearly stipulates that the express delivery enterprise shall determine the liability for compensation in accordance with the relevant provisions of civil law for express mail without insured price.

　　Zhang Haoshu said, "To put it bluntly, this is to compensate through actual losses. If it is really valuable, then we still recommend consumers to insure the price. But even if you don’t insure the price, the compensation will not be as’ overlord’ as the current policies of these courier companies. "

　　In fact, at present, domestic express delivery companies do not provide "insured transportation" services. If the delivered goods are damaged or lost, they can realize compensation according to the price. However, the general cost of insured service is not low, and few people will take the initiative to choose this service. Today, let’s take a look at foreign countries. How to compensate for the damage of express delivery? Can consumers be compensated according to actual losses?

　　Australia: Compensation depends on whether the sender chooses the insured service.

　　In Australia, the receipt system of express delivery companies is strict, but "lost pieces" still occur from time to time during transportation. At this time, the compensation of the courier company depends on whether the sender chooses the insured service.

　　According to Hu Fang, an Australian observer of Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, it is relatively rare for Australian express delivery to be impersonated. Generally, when receiving express delivery, the person at the address needs to sign for it. Usually, the neighbors next door cannot collect it, and there will be no such thing as the collection of people in the community reception room or property management company. If no one answers the door at the recipient’s home address, usually the mailer will leave a parcel slip, and the recipient can go to the post office to collect the parcel with the parcel slip and valid documents, and the person who collects it on his behalf also needs to hold valid documents for verification and personal information recording. Under such a strict system, it is very rare to be impersonated. However, due to the large number of parcels in Australia, the situation of losing them has occurred from time to time. Usually, if the courier is lost, the seller will send another copy to the consumer after verification. As for whether the seller will make a claim with the courier company, it depends on whether he has insured the price. If the seller only makes general express delivery, then the courier company will only pay for the mailing.

　　Germany: Responsibility confirmation is required before claims are made.

　　Strict Germans are famous for their seriousness and responsibility, and the express delivery industry is no exception. But the loss of the courier is not afraid of 10 thousand, just in case. In the event of "lost parts", who is the responsible party and who will provide compensation, what will the German express company do?

　　In this regard, Xue Chengjun, a German observer of Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, said that in Germany, if a parcel is damaged or lost in the process of mailing, the responsibility must be confirmed first before making a claim, and any one of the sender, courier company and recipient may become the responsible party and the payer of compensation. According to the relevant regulations, the courier should hand over the parcel to the recipient, or give it to a neighbor who is willing to receive it on his behalf. It is not allowed to leave the parcel at the recipient’s door and other places. Of course, for the convenience of receiving, for example, for people who work all day, the package can also be placed in front of the door or other open places according to the wishes of the recipient, but there must be a written statement of responsibility.

　　The usual responsibility confirmation is: if the sender is a merchant, the sender will be responsible for compensation for the damage or loss of the mail; If the sender is a private person, the risk of mail loss is borne by the recipient, but the sender must provide relevant proof of the parcel, such as the receipt of the courier company. For example, if someone buys a dress online from a merchant and doesn’t receive it, the merchant will be responsible for the compensation. Of course, the German consumer protection law has ensured that consumers can return goods within two weeks without any reason. If someone finds a pair of liberation shoes from a private person and loses them, the recipient will be responsible for it himself, and the seller, that is, the sender, does not need to refund or compensate.

　　Japan: The transportation company makes compensation within the limit of liability recorded in the shipping documents.

　　Finally, let’s go back to Asia and have a look at Japan. The express delivery industry here is also very developed, with an average of dozens of express deliveries per person every year, and the service attitude of couriers is often commendable. Then, in the event of "lost pieces", how do Japanese express delivery companies deal with compensation?

　　According to Huang Xueqing, a Japanese observer of Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, the compensation standard for express delivery formulated by Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism stipulates that when the express goods are damaged, the transportation company needs to make compensation within the limit of liability recorded in the shipping documents. For example, the compensation for express delivery by mail is 300,000 yen, which is equivalent to about 19,000 yuan, which does not require insured price and additional payment. 300,000 yen is basically equivalent to the monthly salary of a 30-year-old ordinary employee, so the amount of compensation is still relatively high. If 25 yuan RMB is paid in addition, the compensation amount can be increased to 500,000 yen. Because the express delivery service in Japan is very safe and thoughtful, for example, items that are easily damaged will be labeled as vulnerable, and will be handled with care during transportation, so there are few cases of loss and damage. Unless it is a fairly expensive item, few customers pay another premium. Many courier companies have adopted the same compensation standard as the post office.

　　The relevant regulations also point out that if the customer delivers expensive goods such as currency and securities to the transportation company, the transportation company will not be liable for compensation if the customer does not clearly inform the transportation company of the type and amount of the goods, but these regulations are not applicable in the case of intentional or gross negligence of the transportation company. If there is any illegal act, such as infringement, intentional negligent damage, etc., between the client who actually has a contractual relationship and the transportation company, the customer may sue the transportation company for illegal act and demand compensation.

　　On the evening of July 31st, a number of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets issued announcements for investors’ reference:

　　Major events > > >

　　Tengda Technology: Up to now, the company has not directly supplied commercial aerospace customers.

　　8 Lianban () announced the serious abnormal fluctuation of stock trading. The company’s main business is the research and development, production and sales of stainless steel fasteners such as bolts, nuts, screws and washers. Fasteners are the general name of components used to connect and fasten various parts, which have a wide range of applications and are called "the rice of industry". From the perspective of sales model, the company currently adopts the method of selling mainly through traders and directly to end users as a supplement. Up to now, the company has no direct supply to commercial aerospace customers.

　　ST Dima: The closing price for 20 consecutive trading days was lower than that of 1 yuan stock.

　　() Announcement, the daily closing price of the company’s shares was lower than that of 1 yuan for 20 consecutive trading days, which triggered the termination of listing conditions. The stock will be delisted on August 7, 2024, and then transferred to the stock transfer system.

　　Tonghua dongbao: The first patient administration was completed in the phase III clinical trial of Smegliptide Injection in China.

　　() Announcement: In May, the company signed the Commercial Authorization and MAH Cooperation Agreement with Beijing Peptide Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. on GLP-1 product Smegliptide Injection. According to the agreement, the company will obtain the exclusive commercial rights of ZT001 Smegliptide Injection (indication: adult type 2 diabetes, current name: THDB0225 Injection), a peptide biological clinical research product, in Chinese mainland, and the right to jointly develop overseas markets. The cooperative product has completed Phase I clinical trial in Chinese mainland, and tonghua dongbao has started Phase III clinical trial in China, and recently successfully completed the first patient administration.

　　Haitong Securities: Jiang Chengjun applied to resign as the deputy general manager of the company for personal reasons.

　　Haitong Securities announced that the board of directors of the company received Jiang Chengjun’s resignation report, and he applied to resign as the deputy general manager of the company for personal reasons. After his resignation, he will no longer hold any position in the company. The resignation report shall take effect as of the date it is delivered to the board of directors of the company.

　　Huafa shares: the stock property under the name of a subsidiary was transferred to Zhuhai Anju Group at a transfer price of 266 million yuan.

　　() Announcement: Zhuhai Huafa Asset Management Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary, intends to transfer the existing property under the name of Huaben Company to Zhuhai Anju Group by transferring 100% equity of its wholly-owned subsidiary Huaben Company at a transfer price of RMB 265,562,900.

　　Tasly: the controlling shareholder plans the share transfer, and the stock is suspended.

　　() Announcement that the controlling shareholder Tasly Industrial Group is planning the share transfer, which may lead to the change of the company’s control rights. The company’s shares have been suspended since the market opened on the morning of August 1, 2024. It is estimated that the suspension time will not exceed two trading days. During the suspension period, the company will fulfill its information disclosure obligations according to the progress of the matter and determine whether to carry out the above major matters as soon as possible. Investors are requested to pay attention to the follow-up announcement and pay attention to investment risks.

　　Rice Information: The transfer price of this inquiry is 46.68 yuan/share.

　　Rice information announcement, according to the inquiry and subscription on July 30, the initial transfer price of this inquiry is 46.68 yuan/share. The shares to be transferred in this inquiry have been fully subscribed, and it is preliminarily determined that the transferee is 10 institutional investors, with a total of 1.63 million shares to be transferred.

　　4 Lianban Qitian Technology: At present, the company’s operating conditions are normal, and the internal and external operating environment has not changed significantly.

　　4 Lianban () announced the abnormal fluctuation and serious abnormal fluctuation of stock trading, and the deviation of the closing price of the company’s stock trading price for two consecutive trading days (July 30, 2024 and July 31, 2024) accumulated more than 30%, which belongs to the abnormal fluctuation of stock trading. The company’s stock trading price has deviated by more than 100% at the closing price for four consecutive trading days (from July 26, 2024 to July 31, 2024), which is a serious abnormal fluctuation of stock trading. After verification, the company’s current operating conditions are normal, and the internal and external operating environment has not changed significantly. At present, the company and major shareholders do not have any important matters that should be disclosed but not disclosed, or are in the planning stage.

　　Aerospace Morning Light: The proportion of product income applied in commercial aerospace field is relatively small.

　　() Issue a stock trading risk warning announcement. The company’s main business involves intelligent manufacturing, nuclear engineering equipment, logistics support, flexible pipe fittings, environmental protection equipment, pressure vessels and other sectors. Its products are mainly used in petrochemical industry, water conservancy and hydropower, nuclear power, sanitation, energy equipment and other fields. The company’s products used in the commercial aerospace field are mainly metal hoses used to ensure the launch mission. In 2023, the revenue of this part was about 27 million yuan, accounting for a relatively small proportion. The company’s income structure will not change significantly in the short term.

　　Eft: It is planned to invest no more than 1.9 billion yuan to build a robot super factory.

　　Eft announced that the company plans to invest in the construction of Eft Robot Super Factory and Global Headquarters Project in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. It is estimated that the total investment will not exceed 1.9 billion yuan, and the sources of funds are self-owned funds and self-raised funds. The project will be built in two phases, with an annual output of 50,000 high-performance industrial robots after the completion of the first phase and 100,000 after the completion of the second phase.

　　Beiba Media: Tianjiao Company’s operating income is relatively small, which will not have a significant impact on the company’s business activities in the short term.

　　() Announcement of changes was issued, and the company was concerned that the concept of automobile disassembly was highly concerned by the market recently. The business scope of Beijing Tianjiao Scrap Car Recycling Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Tianjiao Company"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, includes automobile dismantling business. Tianjiao Company’s annual operating income in 2023 was 41.521 million yuan, accounting for 0.86% of the company’s consolidated operating income, and its operating income accounted for a relatively small proportion. At present, Tianjiao Company’s production and operation are normal, which will not have a significant impact on the company’s business activities in the short term. Investors are advised to pay attention to the transaction risks in the secondary market and invest cautiously and rationally.

　　Performance > > >

　　Yaxiang Integration: Net profit in the first half of the year increased by 219.92% year-on-year to 237 million yuan.

　　() The semi-annual report for 2024 was released. During the reporting period, the company realized an operating income of 2.85 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 206.06%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 237 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 219.92%. During the reporting period, its main business was to provide clean room engineering, process secondary distribution engineering and construction engineering services for the construction projects of IC semiconductors, optoelectronics and other high-tech electronic industries, including clean workshop construction planning, design suggestions, equipment configuration, clean room environmental system integration engineering and maintenance services.

　　Dexin Technology: Net profit in the first half of the year decreased by 94.40% year-on-year.

　　() Announcement, the company’s 2024 semi-annual report shows that the operating income during the reporting period was 132 million yuan, down 66.86% year-on-year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 7,785,600 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 94.40%.

　　Car home: The net income in the second quarter of 2024 was 18.73 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.2%.

　　Car home announced that the net income in the second quarter of 2024 was 18.73 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.2%. The net profit of returning to the mother was 510 million yuan, compared with 491 million yuan in the same period last year. Wu Tao, CEO of the company, said that in the second quarter, the performance was stable, the user traffic increased significantly, and the innovative business made progress. According to QuestMobile data, in June 2024, the average daily number of mobile users increased by 8.3% year-on-year, reaching 67.91 million. The company launched the "Satellite Plan" in May, and set up satellite stores in low-tier cities with flagship stores as the core to further expand the market. Zeng Yan, CFO, added that innovative business led to strong growth of data products and new energy business, and quarterly revenue achieved double-digit year-on-year growth.

　　Walter Dyne: The net profit in the first half of the year increased by 3.12% year-on-year. It is planned to send 10 5 yuan.

　　() Announcement, the company achieved operating income of 1.154 billion yuan in the first half of the year, up by 0.10% year-on-year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 332 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.12%. The company decided to distribute cash bonus 5 yuan (including tax) to all shareholders for every 10 shares.

　　Lihua shares: the net profit in the first half of the year was 575 million yuan, turning losses from the same period last year.

　　() Announcement, the company achieved an operating income of 7.805 billion yuan in the first half of 2024, a year-on-year increase of 12.16%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 575 million yuan, a year-on-year loss. The company’s performance improved in the first half of the year, mainly benefiting from the growth of its main business and cost control.

　　Bao Lijia: The net profit loss in the first half of the year was 23,679,100 yuan, which turned into a year-on-year loss.

　　() Announcement, the company’s operating income in the first half of 2024 was 1.119 billion yuan, down 6.22% year-on-year; The net loss attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 23,679,100 yuan, compared with a net profit of 1,830,000 yuan in the same period last year.

　　Bank of Nanjing: Net profit increased by 8.51% in the first half of the year.

　　() Announcement: In the first half of 2024, the company achieved an operating income of 26.216 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.87%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was 11.594 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.51%. The quality of assets continued to be optimized, the non-performing loan ratio dropped to 0.83%, and the provision coverage ratio was 345.02%. The capital adequacy ratio and other major indicators remained stable, with the capital profit rate of 15.96% and that of return on total assets 0.97%.

　　Guangzhou Port: The estimated container throughput from January to July is 14.426 million TEUs, up 6.5% year-on-year.

　　() Announcement: In July, the company expects to complete the container throughput of 2.19 million TEUs, up 6.4% year-on-year; It is estimated that the cargo throughput will be 47.925 million tons, up 5.9% year-on-year. From January to July, 2024, the company expects to complete the container throughput of 14.426 million TEUs, up 6.5% year-on-year; It is estimated that the cargo throughput will be 326.618 million tons, up 2.3% year-on-year.

　　Increase or decrease holding > > >

　　Cambridge Technology: Shareholders CIG Cayman and Kangling Technology intend to reduce their holdings by no more than 2%.

　　() Announcement: Cambridge Industries Company Limited ("CIG Cayman"), the controlling shareholder of the company holding 15.06% of the shares, and Shanghai Kangling Technology Partnership (Limited Partnership), the shareholder holding 3.36% of the shares, plan to reduce the company’s shares by block trading and centralized bidding trading, with a total number of no more than 5,360,800 shares, accounting for 2% of the total shares of the company.

　　Marubi shares: Sun Huaiqing, the controlling shareholder, intends to reduce its shareholding by no more than 3%.

　　() Announcement: Sun Huaiqing, the controlling shareholder, intends to reduce his holdings by no more than 12,030,000 shares, which does not exceed 3% of the company’s total share capital.

　　Zhan Peng Science and Technology: Shareholder Xi Fang intends to reduce his holdings by no more than 1%.

　　() Announcement, shareholder Xi Fang intends to reduce his holdings by no more than 1%.

　　Ling Gang shares: The controlling shareholder intends to increase the company’s shares by no more than 2%.

　　() Announcement: On July 31, 2024, Ling Gang Group, the controlling shareholder of the company, increased its holding of 3,395,900 shares of the company through centralized bidding, with an increase ratio of 0.12%. Ling Gang Group plans to increase its holdings of A-shares within 12 months from July 29th, 2024 through centralized bidding, with the upper limit of 80 million yuan and the lower limit of 40 million yuan. During the above-mentioned period, the total proportion of Ling Gang Group’s shareholding in the company shall not exceed 2% of the company’s total share capital.

　　Repurchase > > >

　　Zuoli Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: It plans to buy back its shares at a price of 200 million to 300 million yuan.

　　() Announcement, the company plans to use its own funds to buy back some A-share shares by centralized competitive bidding. The total amount of repurchase funds is not less than 200 million yuan and not more than 300 million yuan, and the repurchase price is not more than 20 yuan/share. It is estimated that the number of repurchased shares is about 10 million to 15 million shares, accounting for 1.43% to 2.14% of the company’s total issued share capital.

　　■ Zheng Bingwen
　　
　　The issue of housing provident fund retention and abolition has once again become a hot topic in society. Some people think that the housing provident fund system is unfair, and the housing provident fund has completed its historical mission. In order to reduce the burden on enterprises, it is advocated to abolish the housing provident fund.
　　
　　The author believes that the housing provident fund system still has the value of existence at present and should continue to be retained.
　　
　　Institutional Efficiency and Equity of Housing Provident Fund
　　
　　From the 2018 Annual Report of National Housing Provident Fund published by official website, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, we can have a bird’s eye view of the institutional efficiency and fairness of housing provident fund, and have a general understanding of the system. According to the "annual report" of the provident fund, the institutional efficiency of the provident fund can be summarized into four characteristics, and the institutional fairness can be summarized into four characteristics. First look at the four institutional efficiency characteristics of housing provident fund.
　　
　　First, the benefit rate is relatively high.Since the establishment of the provident fund system, a total of 33.35 million individual housing loans (including two sets of loans with more than two times) have been issued, of which one third are dual employees, and a total of about 55 million people have benefited. Among the 144 million paid-in employees, 38% have successfully become housing lenders. The essence of the housing provident fund system is a mutual aid system. As a mutual aid system, 38% of its members can benefit, which is not low.
　　
　　Second, the mortgage level is appropriate and effective.In 2018, 2.53 million individual housing loans were issued, with an amount of 1.02 trillion yuan. On average, each mortgage was about 400,000 yuan. Paying down payment in second-and third-tier cities can basically solve the loan, and there is no need to combine commercial loans.
　　
　　Third, reduce the heavy interest burden for employees.The interest rate of provident fund loans is low, 3.25% for more than five years, which is 1.65&mdash lower than the benchmark interest rate of commercial individual housing loans; 2 percentage points. The mortgage issued in 2018 can save interest expenses of 202 billion yuan for loan employees, and the average loan can save interest expenses of 80,000 yuan if calculated in 10 years. For more than 20 years, the provident fund system has reduced the interest burden of trillions of yuan for employees, which is the vitality of the provident fund system.
　　
　　Fourth, the administrative cost comes entirely from the extracted management fee.There are 342 provident fund management centers in China with 3,439 service outlets, and there are 44,000 employees in the country, 40% of whom are non-employees. In 2018, the management fee was 11.7 billion yuan, and the comprehensive management cost per 100 million yuan of assets was 210,000 yuan, including salaries and bonuses of all employees, office space, office equipment and official expenses. The whole provident fund system is a self-supporting system. In the national contributory welfare system, such as the social insurance system and even the National Social Security Fund Council, all its operating and management costs (staff salaries and office equipment, etc.) come from financial funds, while the management costs of the housing provident fund system are completely self-digested, which is very rare in China’s current contributory welfare system.
　　
　　Let’s take a look at the four institutional fairness characteristics of the housing provident fund from the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund.
　　
　　First, the coverage has gradually expanded.By 2018, the number of employees paid into the provident fund was 144 million, which is a large coverage in China’s contributory welfare system. For example, in a comparable social insurance system, except for medical care and old-age care, unemployment insurance covers 196 million people and maternity insurance covers 204 million people, and they are more compulsory than housing provident fund. Other payment systems cover a small number of people, for example, enterprise annuities cover less than 24 million people.
　　
　　Second, the structure of paid employees is dominated by formal sector employment.Among the 144 million employees, 31% are from government agencies and institutions, 20% from state-owned enterprises, 31% from private enterprises and 8% from foreign capital, and the remaining 10% are non-governmental, collective enterprises and other types of units. There are narrow and broad definitions of formal sector employment in China. The narrow definition refers to urban corporate institutions and urban collective units, which employ 170 million people. In a broad sense, we should also add 140 million urban private employees, that is, employees of private enterprises whose business address is located above Chengguan Town in the county. Unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and provident fund mainly cover employees in the formal sector in a narrow sense.
　　
　　Third, the system is very transparent.The information disclosure and transparency of the housing provident fund system have always been better. In 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the People’s Bank of China jointly issued the Notice on Improving the Information Disclosure System of Housing Provident Fund (J.J. [2015] No.26). In addition, the Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund jointly released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank to the whole society every year has complete information and is very transparent. For example, the proportion of paid employees according to the nature of the unit (civil servants, institutions, state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, etc.), the withdrawal of provident fund by type (reasons for withdrawal, number of people, proportional amount), various types of loans (housing type, area, number of units, etc.), pilot loans to support the construction of affordable housing, business revenue and expenditure and value-added income, distribution of housing loans and value-added income in various provinces, asset risk, etc.
　　
　　Fourthly, housing provident fund, as a mutual fund, has played three spillover effects on housing construction in China.One is to occupy a place in the housing market. For example, in 2018, the housing consumption category of housing provident fund, personal housing loans and discount loans for public developers totaled 2.2 trillion yuan (including nearly half of the repayment of loan principal and interest), accounting for 17% of the national commercial housing sales and 16% in the personal housing loan market. Another example is to support loan workers to purchase and build housing area of 287 million square meters, accounting for 19% of the national commercial housing sales area. Second, it plays an obvious role in the rental market and housing repair market. The provident fund has provided support to employees who have no need to buy a house for the time being in their needs of renting and repairing houses. The withdrawal amount of 7.66 million rented employees has reached 73 billion yuan, and the per capita annual withdrawal amount is 10,000 yuan. Third, it plays a huge role in the construction of affordable housing. The housing provident fund provides loan support for affordable housing construction projects. By the end of 2018, a total of 87.215 billion yuan of loans had been issued to 373 pilot projects for affordable housing construction. In addition, the value-added income of some housing accumulation funds also provided supplementary funds for the construction of urban public rental housing (low-rent housing), and a total of 336.5 billion yuan was withdrawn from the construction of public rental housing. For another example, the Beijing Housing Provident Fund has so far issued 36 project loans with a loan amount of 20.1 billion yuan and a construction area of 940,000 square meters, potentially solving the housing difficulties of low-and middle-income workers’ families by more than 90,000 households.
　　
　　The mission of housing provident fund is not completely over.
　　
　　From the perspectives of efficiency and fairness, the above-mentioned provident fund system has performed well in many contributory welfare systems, at least not very badly, which has played a role in the transformation of housing system and solving the housing difficulties of employees. In the coming period, the historical mission of housing provident fund has not yet ended, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
　　
　　First, from the demand side, housing provident fund can also play a certain role.In the third-and fourth-tier cities, the role of alleviating housing difficulties for working-class people is very obvious. The most convincing is the mortgage rate, that is, the ratio of the balance of personal housing loans to the balance of housing provident fund deposits at the end of the year. For example, most provinces in the central and western regions have mortgage rates of 70% to 80%, and only Xizang (68%), Qinghai (69%) and Xinjiang Construction Corps (38%) are below 70%. Almost all first-and second-tier cities are above 85%, for example, Beijing is 95%, Shanghai is 96%, Tianjin is almost 100%, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and Guizhou are above 95%. What’s important is that the housing prices in first-and second-tier cities are high, and the employees employed by government agencies and institutions every year are under great pressure to buy houses. These groups are all admitted through the "national examination", and they undertake the function of running the state machine. In the front line of scientific research and teaching, the marginal utility of housing provident fund is the highest, and in second-and third-tier cities, they can completely rely on provident fund to solve the problem of buying houses. If the provident fund is abolished, it means that there are great obstacles for the central ministries or some departments to recruit outstanding talents.
　　
　　Second, from the pattern of initial income distribution in China, retaining the provident fund can increase the share of labor income.As we all know, the share of labor income is too low in China’s primary income distribution pattern. Since the reform and opening up, the index of labor income share has fluctuated, from over 60% in the 1990s to below 50% before the international financial crisis in 2008, and then it has rebounded. It has improved in the past 10 years, but it is 15 to 20 percentage points lower than developed countries on average, and even lower than some developing countries.
　　
　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "Adhere to the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity". The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era just released on May 18, 2020 once again pointed out: "Increase the labor remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, realize the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity."
　　
　　From the perspective of implementing the central spirit, the provident fund system is a good thing. The idea of canceling the provident fund is mainly for the sake of reducing the burden on enterprises, and the starting point is also good, but the crux of the problem lies in the fact that the focus should be on reducing taxes and social security premiums. China’s tax revenue mainly comes from indirect taxes, and direct taxes only account for about 10%. In the long run, we should gradually focus on direct taxes, but if the share of labor income is always too low, it will always be empty talk.
　　
　　Third, from the perspective of employees’ sense of acquisition, the effect of provident fund is very obvious.When they paid the provident fund, the people never complained that the base was too high and the proportion was too high. They complained that the social security premium rate and base were too high. The phenomenon of "evasion" of social security for ordinary people and enterprises is very serious, while almost no one and enterprises "evade" the provident fund! Why? Because the "tax wedge" of the provident fund is "zero", 100% of it becomes the disposable income of employees and their families, and its private attribute is very obvious. Excluding the provident fund, the tax wedge of social security contributions (including payroll tax) in China is as high as 30.81%, which is exactly equal to the average of OECD countries. In contrast, the tax wedge of Denmark, a Nordic welfare country, is only 30.99%, which is only a little higher than that of China. There are many developed countries with lower tax wedge than ours, such as Japan (29.64%), Australia (26.96%), Britain (26.51%), Luxembourg (26.29%), Ireland (24.66%), Canada (24.12%) and the United States (23.95%).
　　
　　Importantly, in the social security payment of individuals and enterprises, the tax wedge of enterprise payment is as high as 19.22%, and the tax wedge of individual payment and individual tax is 6.41% and 5.19% respectively. That is to say, in the structure of tax wedge, the social security payment of enterprises accounts for as high as 62.36% (individual payment is 20.79%, individual tax is 16.85%). Such a large tax wedge, with Of course, enterprises can evade fees "justifiably". Employees don’t get benefits, and they don’t have a sense of gain. Of course, they are willing to "cooperate" with enterprises to evade fees. Therefore, it is an unspoken rule that employees and enterprises "evade" social security fees together, and it is the social security system that ultimately "suffers". This is the main reason why paying provident fund is more popular than paying social security fees.
　　
　　Fourth, the low-and middle-income borrowers of the provident fund account for 95%, which is especially popular in poor areas.One of the main reasons for advocating the abolition of provident fund is that the system is unfair and the poor subsidize the rich. Of the 2.53 million mortgages of 1 trillion yuan issued in 2018, 95% were low-and middle-income borrowers, and high-income earners only accounted for 5%. According to the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund, the low-middle income here means that the income is 3 times lower than the average wage of the local society last year, and the high income means that the income is 3 times higher than the average wage of the local society last year (inclusive). Look at age and housing purchase: 76% of borrowers are under 40 years old, 89% buy a building area of less than 144 square meters, and the first set accounts for 85%. Obviously, the above data show that buyers are basically just in need, and the provident fund system really provides protection and support for low-and middle-income groups to buy houses.
　　
　　Let’s use the deposit base of several typical poverty-stricken areas in 2017 to see their attitudes and behaviors towards the provident fund (the data are all from their housing provident fund report released in official website): the deposit base of Dingxi in Gansu is 101% of its social average wage, Baise in Guangxi is 110% of its social average wage, and Zhangye in Gansu has the highest actual deposit base, which is 113% of its social average wage. This shows that the deposit base of employees in poverty-stricken areas is very "real", even exceeding the local social wage, because they have benefited.
　　
　　Fifth, the number of employees who have paid in is increasing, especially in private enterprises.Let’s look at the fairness between "within the system" and "outside the system". In real life, this pair of concepts can be understood in two ways. One means that institutions and state-owned enterprises are regarded as "within the system", while others are regarded as "outside the system". Among the 144 million paid-in employees, there are 44.52 million in government institutions and 29.28 million in state-owned enterprises, totaling 73.8 million, which shows that the number of paid-in employees in the "system" is basically in a "saturated" state; Another understanding is that "within the system" refers to the formal employment sector, "outside the system" refers to the informal employment sector, and the formal employment sector has broad and narrow meanings. With government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises basically saturated, private enterprises will become the main force to participate in the provident fund at present and in the future. For example, in 2018, there were 19.9 million new accounts opened in the provident fund, of which private enterprises accounted for 50% (9.94 million), which shows that the proportion of private enterprises will gradually increase in the process of expanding coverage in the future. In the formal employment group, it is unfair to employees who have not participated in the provident fund, but the expansion of coverage needs a process. The state has issued documents many times to expand the coverage of the provident fund, which requires the joint efforts of employers, employees and the whole society, and the coverage of social insurance has also gone through such a process. For example,The basic old-age insurance for employees of urban enterprises covered only 136 million people 20 years ago, and reached 967 million in 2019. However, if the provident fund is abolished, the employees who have not joined and those who have joined will lose their opportunities forever. As long as this system exists, opportunities will exist.
　　
　　Main problems and reform suggestions of housing provident fund system
　　
　　The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era, which was just released on March 18th, 2020, pointed out: "Reform the housing provident fund system".
　　
　　The author believes that this is the most authoritative and latest tone of the central government on housing provident fund, and its attitude is very clear, that is "reform", not "cancellation", and I fully agree with it. Since the central government’s attitude is still clear, if we want to reform, we should first make clear what the problems are in the provident fund, and then discuss what the solution is, not whether to cancel it, but whether to reform it. There may be many problems with the provident fund, for example, whether older employees who have no need to buy houses have the right to quit, whether individual employees have the right to choose the proportion of contributions within the upper limit, and so on.
　　
　　However, there have been two biggest problems with the housing provident fund: First, the investment method is single and the rate of return is too low. For example, the value-added rate of return in 2018 is only 1.56%; The direct result of the low value-added rate of return is that the deposit interest paid by employees is too low, and the interest is only calculated at 1.5%. If calculated according to the market-oriented investment rate of return, the loss is huge. Take the balance of 802.3 billion yuan in 2018 as an example. If it is entrusted to the National Social Security Fund Council for investment and the rate of return is assumed to be 6%, the interest income this year will be as high as 28 billion. Therefore, after more than 20 years, the interest loss will be several hundred billion yuan. For individual employees, the interest rate of 1.5% is far from outperforming the inflation rate, and the risk of depreciation is very obvious. The funds deposited in the account are shrinking every year; The interest rate of 1.5% is at least 10 percentage points lower than the social average wage growth rate, resulting in "welfare loss" doubling every few years. In the past 22 years, the unit proportional payment is almost equivalent to "nothing". In the past 22 years, the wage growth rate and population growth rate have exceeded 14%, which is called "biological rate of return" and "internal rate of return" (we can roughly understand it as actual purchasing power). Minus the interest-bearing level of 1.5%, the annual "welfare loss" will be at least 12%. After 22 years, the welfare loss of employees will be astronomical.From the perspective of the whole society, this is a huge loss of social welfare and a "transfer" of social wealth. The second problem is that the surplus funds can’t be used in the whole country between the areas with low overall planning level and high loan ratio (for example, 99.5% in Tianjin) and the areas with low loan ratio (for example, 78% in Qinghai). From the perspective of the whole society, the low level of fund management and regional separatism reduce the efficiency of "mutual assistance" of surplus funds.
　　
　　In view of the above analysis, there are problems in the provident fund system, but we should not give up eating because of choking. We should solve the problems in the provident fund as soon as possible, and we should not turn a blind eye to them. Otherwise, we will be irresponsible to the paid employees. From a certain point of view, we will "fatten" the state-owned banks with low-priced and high-quality assets. Since some scholars have put forward a motion to cancel the provident fund, policy makers should act as soon as possible with a sense of urgency and a high sense of responsibility for the people’s interests, so as not to let a good livelihood system become a "soft rib" for a long time. In order to get rid of the above two main disadvantages, the author puts forward four reform ideas or four reform options.
　　
　　First, expand the function and optimize the structure without changing the nature of the current administrative institution of the housing provident fund center.This is an improved scheme, the easiest and most convenient scheme, and the existing system and mechanism will not be changed. The areas of "improvement" include: in the investment system, we can adopt the mode that the basic old-age insurance fund for urban workers entrusts the National Social Security Fund Council to invest, and the provinces sign contracts with the National Social Security Fund Council respectively and agree on specific matters such as investment return rate, and all the real investment income is distributed to the paid employees as interest. In terms of business scope, provident fund centers in first-and second-tier cities are allowed to use value-added income and other funds to directly invest in and hold rental housing, and support paid employees to solve housing problems through leasing; Expand the coverage of deposits to cover urban migrant workers and even freelancers; At the level of overall planning, it will be promoted to national overall planning, and the mutual integration of funds between cities will be strengthened. Deposited employees can continue to deposit in different places, extract and use in different places, and lend; Establish a new loan allocation mechanism in the use of extraction, tilt towards low-and middle-income groups, and increase support for rental housing; Improve the efficiency in the operation mechanism and simplify the procedures for extraction and use; Strengthen the publicity according to law in supervision and regularly disclose information.
　　
　　Second, the national housing provident fund management company, a policy-based non-bank financial institution with independent legal person, was reorganized and established (the idea of "Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac" in the United States).The national housing provident fund management company issues bonds and securities in the capital market with national credit, expands the fund pool, and provides liquidity support and policy guarantee for ordinary people to use the housing provident fund; In terms of the use of funds, the National Housing Provident Fund Management Company does not directly issue loans, but supports the basic housing needs of paid employees by providing low-interest and long-term credit guarantees for paid employees. After being guaranteed by the provident fund management company, paid employees can choose any provident fund center and commercial bank to obtain loans. This method can promote the competition between provident fund centers and commercial banks, and improve the efficiency and service level of housing loans for paid employees. At the same time, the national housing provident fund management company provides funds for the provident fund centers and commercial banks by purchasing their mortgage assets in bulk. In the first-and second-tier cities with high housing prices, we will support the construction and operation of rental housing through loans or direct investment, and promote "both rent and purchase". Establish a national overall planning mechanism and a national housing provident fund fund fund management platform to realize national deposit and withdrawal and interbank lending; In terms of operation mechanism and supervision mechanism, it operates in the way of corporate governance structure of financial institutions and accepts supervision.
　　
　　Thirdly, the policy-oriented National Housing Bank was reorganized and established (the idea of China Postal Savings Bank).Based on the model of housing savings banks in developed countries, the national provident fund center will be reorganized into a unified national independent legal person financial institution, and the provincial and municipal provident fund centers will be reorganized into branches of the National Housing Bank, and bonds and securities will be issued in the capital market with national credit; Carry out policy-based housing savings business, establish a differential credit mechanism, and provide more favorable housing financial support to low-and middle-income groups, which can be deposited and connected in different places, and used and loaned in different places; Issue project loans to rental housing construction. In the operation mechanism, it operates according to the corporate governance structure of modern financial institutions, and establishes an incentive mechanism to promote efficiency and risk control; According to the regulatory mechanism of policy finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible for the formulation and supervision of housing policy rules, while the central bank and the China Banking Regulatory Commission are responsible for the formulation and supervision of banking regulatory rules.
　　
　　Fourth, merge with enterprise annuity and integrate it into a comprehensive provident fund system (the idea of Singapore Central Provident Fund).Considering the aging trend, following the principle of life cycle, taking into account the capital needs of urban residents in housing and pension, a unified personal provident fund account will be established throughout the country. According to the housing and pension, two sub-accounts are set up. The housing account implements "low deposit and low loan", and the funds in the housing account can be extracted for renting or buying housing. When employees have no provident fund loans or housing consumption needs, the funds in the housing account are transferred to the pension account. Set up a policy-based non-bank financial institution to be responsible for the investment and operation of the comprehensive provident fund pool, and play the dual role of the current housing provident fund and enterprise annuity.
　　
　　(The author is a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences)
　　
　　

　　BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance recently issued the Guiding Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Long-term Mechanism of Ecological Compensation and Protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The guiding opinions are clear, so that places that protect the environment will not suffer, benefit and gain more, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of city and county governments to strengthen ecological construction, and protect the ecological environment with the system.

　　The guiding opinions are clear. The central government will strengthen the design of ecological compensation and protection system in the Yangtze River basin, improve the transfer payment method, increase support, and establish and improve the incentive and guidance mechanism. Local governments should take effective measures to actively promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism for ecological compensation and protection in neighboring provinces and the Yangtze River Basin within the province.

　　The guidance is clear, focusing on the improvement of ecological environment quality, implementing accurate assessment according to the types and importance of ecological functions, and strengthening the linkage mechanism between fund allocation and ecological protection effectiveness. Let the places that protect the environment not suffer, benefit and gain more, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of city and county governments to strengthen ecological construction, and protect the ecological environment with the system.

　　The guiding opinions put forward that by coordinating general transfer payments and related special transfer payments, an incentive and guidance mechanism should be established, and the financial investment in ecological compensation and protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt should be significantly increased.

　　By 2020, the diversified investment mechanism for the protection and governance of the Yangtze River Basin will be more perfect, the working pattern of coordinated governance will be more perfect, and the central government’s ecological compensation benefits between local and upstream and downstream basins will be more prominent, providing important financial support and institutional guarantee for the ecological civilization construction and regional coordinated development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　The guidance proposes to increase special support for the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In terms of supporting the development of forest resources, natural forest cutting and management, wetland protection, ecological migration, energy conservation and environmental protection, the central government will focus on the Yangtze River Economic Belt through forestry reform and development funds, forestry ecological protection and restoration funds, and energy conservation and emission reduction subsidies.

　　Taking the implementation of major ecological restoration projects as a priority option to promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the central government will increase its support for the construction of shelter forest system, soil erosion and rocky desertification control in karst areas.

　　The guidance requires local finance to do a good job in implementation. Provincial financial departments should improve the management methods of general transfer payment funds such as provincial balance and key ecological function areas, and continuously increase support for the Yangtze River, runoff areas and key water source areas.

　　Financial departments at all levels below the provincial level should strengthen the management of special transfer payment funds related to ecological and environmental protection, guide all responsible departments to coordinate policy objectives, clarify tasks and responsibilities, coordinate management methods, standardize performance appraisal, and form a joint force to significantly increase investment in ecological protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　The guidance requires that local finance explore the establishment of a special transfer payment fund integration mechanism for ecological protection and governance in the Yangtze River Basin. For the carry-over funds of relevant central special transfer payments, local governments can formulate stricter measures for fund pooling and effectively improve the efficiency in the use of financial funds.