Warning everywhere

Natural baths are still raging.

The tragic incident sounded the alarm for the reservoir players. However, after the drowning accident, there are still hundreds of people "hiking" every day in Qinglong Mountain Reservoir.

"The accident happened on July 12, and there were fewer people swimming on the 13th, but the next two days happened to be weekends, and there were more people playing with water. On the afternoon of the 16th, there were fewer talents because of the heavy rain." The relevant staff of Fusheng Police Station of Yuecheng District Public Security Bureau told the reporter that after the accident, they strengthened the inspection and pulled up a huge red warning banner on the dam of the reservoir.

On the afternoon of July 14th, the reporter came to the reservoir specially, heard the incessant horn call of "No Entry into the Water", and saw various fixed warning signs, which read, "There have been many drowning accidents in this reservoir over the years! The water depth of the reservoir, please pay attention to safety! " "The water depth is dangerous, pay attention to safety" and so on.

The reporter saw that Shaoxing Yuchacun Tea Industry Co., Ltd. specially set up a warm reminder iron sign beside the reservoir, which said that the water in Qinglongshan Reservoir is deep, the water temperature is low and there is obvious stratification. Please pay attention to safety, do a good job of personal protection, and take responsibility for accidents. The reservoir is the core scenic spot of Matcha Town. Please take all the garbage away or put it in the dustbin.

"The Qinglong Mountain Reservoir in Fusheng Town, Yuecheng District, with tea gardens, reservoirs and green hills set each other off, is a well-known punching point in online celebrity. Every summer, the temperature here is several degrees Celsius lower than that in the urban area, which is a good place to cool off in summer. " Mr. Jin, who came here to swim, told reporters that he is an outdoor sports enthusiast and has been swimming in Qinglong Mountain for 10 years. In recent years, there are more and more people playing with water in the reservoir, especially in the evening on hot days in summer. Traffic police have to be dispatched to maintain order, otherwise, the vehicles driving to swim in Qinglong Mountain will be easily blocked. After the accident, the "natural bathing place" is still "noisy".

Difficulties in road closure

The relevant departments are helpless.

The reporter learned that there are two routes to the reservoir. One is to go directly to the reservoir from Yucha Village Tea Demonstration Park. This road is not accessible by the staff of the demonstration park. The other road is from the Zanggong line in Huangjiaao Natural Village, Paikou Village, Gaobu Street.

The staff of Shaoxing Yuchacun Tea Industry Co., Ltd. told the reporter that although tea gardens are often irrigated with water from Qinglongshan Reservoir with the consent of relevant departments, Qinglongshan Reservoir does not belong to Yuchacun. From the perspective of tea garden management, the meeting of people flow brings many problems, but the company is not the owner of the reservoir and cannot stop tourists from visiting the reservoir.

"It is suggested that we close the road to ensure safety." The relevant staff of Fusheng Town Government said that the road to Qinglongshan Reservoir belongs to Gaobu Street, and they have no right to close the road. The staff of Gaobu Street also recognized this statement. Why don’t Gaobu Street block the road leading to Qinglong Mountain? The relevant staff explained that the villagers often have to take care of the mountain behind the reservoir, and the road closure will definitely be complained by them.

Outdoor swimming

Two conditions are indispensable.

Xiaojin, a winter swimmer, is a frequent visitor to Qinglong Mountain Reservoir. He is worried about the swimmers who come here.

Xiaojin told reporters that even if it snows, there are tourists visiting Qinglong Mountain. Outdoor swimmers generally receive strict safety education, knowing that reservoir swimming is also a dangerous place for experienced swimmers at any time, so they will take safety measures in advance. "There are two conditions for outdoor swimming, both of which are indispensable. First, the buoyancy ball must be tied, and the tightness and tension should be checked before launching to ensure safety; Second, many companions must go together, so that they can pay attention to each other’s safety in the reservoir. Once an accident occurs, it is relatively easy to rescue. "If we forget to bring the buoyancy ball, we would rather run empty than go into the water."

"It is a great safety hazard to swim outdoors without a buoyancy ball." Outdoor swimmer "Shui Ge" said that it is difficult to accurately find the drowning person in a wide water area for timely rescue without a buoyancy ball. At the same time, because the water area is wide and unfathomable, it is more difficult to rescue than the swimming pool.

The reporter saw from the photos and videos sent by Xiaojin and others that after the drowning accident in Qinglongshan Reservoir, the enthusiasm of wild swimmers has not diminished, and "outdoor swimming white" is still the mainstream. There are so many people in swimsuits in the huge reservoir, but there are few bright buoyancy balls and life jackets.

Reservoir drowning

It hurts to be helpless.

"There were several people who came to the reservoir to swim with the drowning young man that day. They soon found that they could not find him and called the police. The police are also very fast, but it is really not easy to find someone in such a large reservoir. " Aunt Li from Zangong Village, Fusheng Town goes for a walk in Qinglongshan Reservoir every evening. She and some villagers witnessed the rescue situation at that time.

"When it was salvaged, everyone was sorry to see that the deceased was so young." A staff member who participated in the rescue at the scene said that even if someone saw drowning, it was very difficult to rescue. Last year, in Longchuan ‘ao Reservoir, Wufengling, not far from here, a young man fell into the water playing with paddles, and his companions and villagers at the reservoir could only watch him slide farther and farther with heartache, but they were helpless.

The reporter also learned that in another reservoir last year, a local villager who often swam in the reservoir slipped farther and farther in the reservoir because he didn’t wear a buoyancy ball, which led to the tragedy of drowning. "The reason is unknown, it may be dizziness, or it may be caused by cramping in the water or sudden cardiovascular disease." Witnesses said.

"When there is drowning in the reservoir, it is difficult to rescue even trained professionals. In short, the reservoir is not a place to swim. " Hu Jianqiang, a member of Shaoxing Jiulong Rescue Team, told reporters that he has participated in about 100 summer reservoir swimming and drowning accidents since he was engaged in rescue work for six years, and it is very difficult to salvage drowning people in the reservoir, let alone rescue drowning people. Hu Jianqiang said that at present, the reservoirs in Yuecheng District are just public existence like roads and mountains. No reservoirs charge swimming fees because of their nature, and there are no professional rescuers to ensure their safety. Therefore, no one should take risks.

Playwright

Strengthen self-safety awareness

Qinglong Mountain Reservoir has a total storage capacity of more than 300,000 cubic meters. It is a small reservoir mainly for irrigation and combined with flood control. The height of the reservoir is more than 10 meters and the deepest part is about 7 meters. In recent years, the number of people who come here to enjoy the cool water every summer is bursting, and the local departments post warning signs around the reservoir to remind them of safety through loudspeakers, and also arrange personnel to patrol and persuade them at high frequency.

"Some tourists who go their own way will even swim to the deepest part of the reservoir center. We are constantly adding warning signs and rescue facilities around the reservoir, and we plan to add some long bamboo poles for emergency. " The staff of Fusheng Police Station of Yuecheng Public Security Bureau said that many tourists not only turned a deaf ear to their kind reminders, but sometimes laughed at them.

"As a non-drinking water reservoir, we have no right to force people to pick up from the water or prevent them from entering the water. The safety responsibility will ultimately be borne by tourists themselves." A staff member familiar with Qinglong Mountain Reservoir said that as early as 2018, a woman drowned here. A month or two earlier this year, a fisherman accidentally fell into the reservoir and drowned. On July 12, another tragedy occurred. It can be seen that swimming in the reservoir is dangerous, so players must strengthen their awareness of self-safety to prevent tragedies.

Jin Jianhao, a lawyer of Zhejiang Jindao (Shaoxing) Law Firm, said that according to the relevant provisions of the Civil Code, the main functions of reservoirs are freshwater aquaculture, irrigation, power generation and non-drinking water supply, and the main obligation of reservoir managers is to ensure sound water conservancy facilities and sound functions. Therefore, the reservoir managers need not bear the responsibility for the drowning accident, and the responsibility for the accident should be borne by the parties or their guardians.

Be yourself safe.

First responsible person

On July 12th, a young man drowned in Qinglongshan Reservoir in Yuecheng District. In midsummer, the drowning accidents of reservoir "wild swimming" are common, which makes people sigh. Tragedy repeats itself, alarm bells often ring, but there are still "brave people" who advance wave after wave. The author believes that it is necessary to weave three "protective nets", especially to keep the "protective net" of personal safety responsibility, so as to avoid tragedies from the source.

Keep the "protective net" of personal safety responsibility. Everyone is the first responsible person for his own safety, and he should think about the importance of safety and keep the responsibility of safety in every word and deed. In terms of legal liability, Article 18 of the Civil Code clearly states that adults with full capacity for civil conduct can independently carry out civil legal acts. To put it bluntly, adults can fully recognize the legal consequences of their actions, independently carry out civil legal acts of their own will, acquire civil rights and assume civil obligations for themselves, and bear full legal consequences for their actions. Adults should be aware of the risk of "wild swimming" in the reservoir. Without other infringement, once a drowning accident occurs, as the victim of the accident, there is no doubt that they are the first responsible person.

In the tragedy of drowning, if a minor, according to the law, parents have the right and obligation to educate and protect their minor children. If a minor child causes damage to others, the parents as guardians shall bear civil liability according to law. Therefore, parents are the first responsible persons for the safety of minor children.

In terms of safety responsibility, no one can be lucky. Some talented people are bold, and "wild swimming" doesn’t take any protective measures. As a result, the follower jumps into the water without taking any protective measures, gets dizzy after drinking, and plunges into the water after being tired … However, it is often in a moment of negligence that tragedy happens under the nose.

Before taking part in "wild swimming" and other similar activities, you should be predictable about the risks. The "wild swimmers" who have just experienced high temperature fatigue are prone to cramps and other phenomena. Build a strong ideological defense line, always tighten the security string, protect your personal safety, and avoid causing damage to others. Only when you are the first person responsible for your own safety can you reduce the tragedy of drowning from the source.

Improve the "protective net" of reservoir safety management. Rural reservoirs are used for flood discharge and irrigation, and do not have swimming function. However, in reality, some reservoirs are loosely managed, and people can freely enter and leave, leaving an opportunity for "wild swimming". Of course, according to the provisions of the Civil Code, as a reservoir manager, if he fails to fulfill his security obligations and causes damage to others, he shall bear tort liability. This also tells us that in the event of a "wild swimming" drowning accident, the reservoir manager may not be completely irresponsible. If he fails to fulfill his security obligations and cannot prove that he is not at fault, he needs to bear tort liability for the accident. Of course, if the reservoir management party fulfills the duty of warning and reminding others that it is forbidden to enter the reservoir without authorization, it does not need to bear tort liability.

Therefore, the management unit should build a safety net and strengthen on-site supervision and management, such as closing the reservoir waters. If it can’t be closed, we can recruit volunteers, increase the number of inspectors, increase the frequency of inspections, strengthen law enforcement, and take measures such as criticism, education and fines to keep "wild swimming" out of the library. For those who refuse to obey dissuasion and insist on wild swimming, the management can report to the public security organ for punishment.

Construct a "protective net" for outdoor safe swimming. Knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, I prefer to go to the mountains. Why do "wild swimmers" flock? The answer is simple: the natural environment of open waters is good, the water quality is good, and swimming is more delicious. In Shaoxing, a water town with dense river network, special outdoor rivers and special hydrophilic areas can be set up to meet the hydrophilic needs of the public. In fact, in the early years, a hydrophilic river was set up in the celebrity square, which was managed by special personnel on site. There were many swimmers in midsummer every year, and no drowning accident occurred. More such safe outdoor swimming places, combined with "sparse" and "guided", will naturally reduce the number of "hikers" in the reservoir.

Wild swimming is risky, so you need to be careful when you get into the water. There is only one life, and life is never repeated. Please cherish your life, be responsible for your own and others’ lives, and don’t let the tragedy happen.　

　　Beijing time in 2022

　　At 9: 32 on November 3,

　　China space station mengtian experimental cabin

　　Successfully completed the transposition

　　The space station modules, manned spacecraft, cargo spacecraft, relay satellites used in China’s space station project and the Long March series of launch vehicles used to launch these spacecraft,All developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.Other subsystems of the project also have the participation of relevant units affiliated to Aerospace Science and Technology Group.

　　During the transposition, the Mengtian experimental module first completed the relevant state setting, then separated from the space station assembly, and then completed the transposition in about one hour by plane transposition, and then docked with the lateral port of the node module of Tianhe core module again. This afternoon, the crew of Shenzhou 14 astronauts will enter the Mengtian experimental cabin.

　　▲ Schematic diagram of the current space station assembly

　　The completion of the transposition of the Mengtian experimental module marksThe "T" basic configuration of China Space Station has been assembled in orbit.It has taken a key step towards the goal of building a space station. According to the plan, the basic function test and evaluation of the space station assembly will be carried out in the future.

　　History engraves our journey.

　　the year of 2020

　　May 5 th

　　The Long March 5 B carrier rocket made its first flight, launching a new generation of manned spacecraft test ship, and the first battle of the space station phase mission was successful.

　　May 8 th

　　Safe landing of the return capsule of the new generation manned spacecraft test ship.

　　In 2021

　　April 29

　　Changwu B rocket launches space station and core module.

　　29 -30 May

　　The Long March 7 carrier rocket launched the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, which docked at the backward port of Tianhe core module.

　　June 17th

　　The Long March II F carrier rocket launched the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft, which docked at the forward port of Tianhe core module. Astronauts Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo entered Tianhe core module, and Chinese entered his own space station for the first time.

　　July 4th.

　　Shenzhou 12 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the first extravehicular activity in the space station stage by group.

　　August 20 th

　　Shenzhou 12 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the second extravehicular activity in groups.

　　September 17th.

　　The return capsule of Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft landed safely, and the astronauts were in good condition.

　　September 18th

　　Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft is separated from the backward port of the space station and the core module, and flies around to the forward port to complete the automatic rendezvous and docking.

　　September 20th.

　　The Changqi rocket launched the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft, which docked at the backward port of Tianhe core module.

　　23 -24 September

　　The first on-orbit ignition test was completed by four thrusters in the electric propulsion subsystem of the space station and the core module.

　　October 16th.

　　The Chang ‘er F rocket launched the Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft, which docked at the radial port of Tianhe core module. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu entered Tianhe core module, and China Space Station welcomed the second flight crew and the first female astronaut.

　　7 -8 November

　　Shenzhou 13 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the first extravehicular activity in groups, which was the first time in China’s space history that female astronauts participated in the extravehicular activity.

　　26 -27 December

　　Shenzhou 13 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the second extravehicular activity in groups.

　　In 2022

　　January 6th.

　　It is the first time that China has used the space station manipulator to operate a large-scale on-orbit aircraft to conduct the transposition test.

　　January 8 th

　　Shenzhou 13 astronauts completed the rendezvous and docking test of the combination of hand-controlled teleoperation cargo spacecraft and space station in groups.

　　March 27th and 31st

　　The Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft was evacuated from the core module assembly of the space station and re-entered the atmosphere under control.

　　April 16th

　　The return capsule of Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft landed safely, and the astronauts were in good condition.

　　April 20

　　Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft separated from the backward port of Tianhe core module, circled to the forward port, and completed automatic rendezvous and docking.

　　May 10th.

　　The Changqi rocket launched the Tianzhou-4 cargo spacecraft, which docked at the backward port of Tianhe core module.

　　June 5th.

　　The Chang ‘er F rocket launched the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft, which docked at the radial port of the Tianhe core module, and astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe entered the Tianhe core module.

　　July 17th and 27th

　　Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft evacuated from the space station assembly and re-entered the atmosphere under control.

　　July 24th

　　Changwu B rocket launch space station test module.

　　July 25th

　　The space shuttle was docked at the forward port of Tianhe core module, and then the Shenzhou 14 astronauts entered the space shuttle in groups, which was the first time that China astronauts entered the scientific experimental module in orbit.

　　1 -2 September

　　Shenzhou 14 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the first extravehicular activity by group, which is the first time that Chinese astronauts have carried out extravehicular activities from the airlock cabin of the candlestick experimental module.

　　September 17th.

　　Shenzhou 14 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the second extravehicular activity in groups.

　　September 30th.

　　It is the first time for China to use the indexing mechanism to carry out the indexing operation of the large-scale module in orbit.

　　October 31st.

　　Changwu B rocket launch space station Mengtian experimental module.

　　November 1st.

　　Mengtian experimental module is docked with the forward port of Tianhe core module.

　　November 3 rd

　　The Mengtian experimental module has been transposed, and the "T" basic configuration of China Space Station has been assembled.

　　Source/China Manned Space Engineering Office, CCTV

　　Reporter/Ren Changsheng

　　Editor/Liu Huaiyu Gao Yiming

　　American editor/Yang Shuai

　　Proofreading/Zhao Cong

　　Producer/Huang Xi

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 10th Question: What is the secret of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"? — — Revealing China’s Solution to the Problems in the Operation of Venues in the Post-Olympic Era

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xiao, Wang Yong

　　Olympic venues are an important foundation for hosting the Olympic Games. Looking back on the history of the world Olympic Games, almost all the main venues of the previous Olympic Games presented a wonderful and extraordinary "A" side during the games. However, due to the large amount of construction funds, large construction scale and high maintenance cost, it has become a world problem to solve the "B" aspect of the utilization of Olympic venues after the games.

　　On the 11th anniversary of the opening of the Beijing Olympic Games, reporters came to the National Stadium "Bird’s Nest", the National Aquatics Center "Water Cube" and the National Speed Skating Hall "Ice Ribbon" under construction, looking for a "China solution" to solve the world’s problems.

　　"Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" Show "Money Bag"

　　Although it has been 11 years since the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, thousands of tourists still come to the core area of Beijing Olympic Park in August. As an Olympic landmark with a population of nearly 1.4 billion, it has never lacked popularity.

　　However, as the iconic venues of the Beijing Olympic Games, the construction cost of the "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" is high, and it is not a small expense to ensure the high-quality maintenance of the venues. Can the "money bags" of these two Olympic venues hold up under the difficult circumstances of the world’s large-scale Olympic venues?

　　The reporter learned from the National Stadium Company that the operating income of "Bird’s Nest" in 2018 was 268 million yuan, which completely covered the operating costs such as depreciation of fixed assets, operation and maintenance fees, sales and management fees, and achieved independent profits for many years. The National Aquatics Center Company said that in 2018, the "Water Cube" achieved a revenue of 124 million yuan, and the venue broke even for many years.

　　"Three Mysteries" of Managing "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"

　　What is the management of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"? The reporter learned from in-depth interviews that what makes the two Olympic venues truly achieve sustainable development is the innovation of brand activities and the improvement of quality.

　　— — Undertake major international events. After the Beijing Olympic Games, the "Bird’s Nest" and the "Water Cube" launched a comprehensive market-oriented operation exploration. "Bird’s Nest" has become a professional venue for hosting top sports events with its first-class facilities and operational advantages. Many high-level individual events under FINA have settled in the "Water Cube".

　　— — Establish a diversified development system. "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" have formed a comprehensive business system including large-scale activities, tourism services and commercial development. Take the "Bird’s Nest" as an example. First, strengthen the development of tangible assets. The Bird’s Nest Cultural Center not only becomes a public cultural space in the capital, but also incubates innovative and entrepreneurial projects in the cultural and sports industry. The second is the development of intangible assets, constantly promoting advertising sponsorship and the development of cultural and creative products. The third is to extend the industrial chain of venues, and set up five subsidiaries around the "Bird’s Nest", including ticketing, commerce, activities, media and culture, so that the "Bird’s Nest" has the export conditions for venue management.

　　— — Cultivate independent brand projects. "Water Cube" has built a sub-brand of art exhibition "Art Water Cube" and a sub-brand of cultural performance "Dream Water Cube", and transformed itself from a sports venue into a platform for cultural and artistic exchange. After the country announced the goal of "300 million people participating in the ice and snow sports", the two major venues also created mass sports brands such as "Meet 2022" Ice and Snow Culture Festival, which enabled the Olympic venues to "get on the international stage and enter the people’s lives".

　　According to statistics, after the opening of the two venues, they received more than 56 million Chinese and foreign tourists and visitors, and held more than 3,400 events such as various competitions, performances, exhibitions and national fitness activities.

　　The post-match operation of stadiums and gymnasiums is a process of gradual industrialization and enterprise

　　The "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" have a bright "report card", which benefits from the strong leadership and scientific judgment of the venue owners.

　　As the earliest state-owned enterprise in Beijing to enter the cultural and sports industry, Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. summed up the "China experience" to solve the problem of the utilization of Olympic venues after the games.

　　"The post-match operation of stadiums and gymnasiums should be a process of gradual industrialization and enterprise, but the post-match operation of many stadiums and gymnasiums is still a pure government act. Once the large-scale event is over, it is difficult for the venue to balance social and economic benefits. " Wu Xiaonan, vice president of Beijing State-owned Corporation, pointed out the crux of the problem.

　　Wu Xiaonan said that the operation experience of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" proves that super-large stadiums need to introduce large-scale platform enterprises, especially comprehensive investment and financing platforms as venue operators, and bring resources for the integrated development of culture, sports, finance, venture capital and other industries for the development of stadiums, rather than simply turning stadiums into a company.

　　In order to operate the two major venues well, Beijing State-owned Assets Corporation has laid out the layout with the whole cultural and sports industry in mind, and coordinated the advantages of its capital cultural and sports industry flagship enterprises, digital vision technology and service providers and national A-level professional performance institutions on the Olympic venues. At the same time, Beijing SME Credit Re-guarantee Company in the financial sector set up the National Cultural and Creative Experimental Zone Enterprise Credit Promotion Association to promote the long-term operation of the Olympic venues through "combination boxing" with complementary resources.

　　"Facts have proved that this model is conducive to giving full play to the role of large state-owned enterprises. While ensuring the completion of important tasks, it can achieve a double harvest of social and economic benefits through enterprise management and integration of various formats." Wu Xiaonan said.

　　At the beginning of the construction of "Ice Ribbon", the problem of post-game utilization was considered.

　　In order to build the iconic new venue of Beijing Winter Olympics and the National Speed Skating Gymnasium "Ice Ribbon", Beijing established "Beijing National Speed Skating Gymnasium Management Co., Ltd.".

　　Wu Xiaonan, who is also the chairman of the National Speed Skating Hall Company, said that the "Ice Ribbon" was fully considered at the beginning of its construction. In addition to becoming a speed skating competition venue during the games, it can meet the needs of six kinds of ice sports competitions such as speed skating, short track speed skating, figure skating and curling, and can also meet the national fitness needs of 3,000 people skating at the same time.

　　At the end of this year, 22 flowing ice ribbons of the National Speed Skating Museum will fly in the Beijing Olympic Park, and together with the majestic steel structure "Bird’s Nest" and the flexible membrane structure "Water Cube", they will form the landmark building complex of "Double Olympic City".

　　Peng Yue, chairman of Beijing State-owned Assets Corporation, said: "Pass ‘ Bird’s Nest ’ ‘ Water cube ’ ‘ Ice ribbon ’ We hope to provide the international community with the Olympic venues after the Games ‘ Repeated utilization, comprehensive utilization and sustainable utilization ’ China’s experience, this is ‘ Four self-confidences ’ A vivid manifestation of implementation in practice. "

　　International Olympic Committee President Bach once commented: "China has every reason to be proud of its Olympic legacy."

　　The insiders believe that the post-games operation and sustainable utilization of Beijing Olympic venues have set a new example of benign interaction and win-win development between the Olympic Movement and cities and regions, benefiting the people for a long time. Continuing this road of sustainable development of the Olympic mega-stadiums with China characteristics will show more wonderful China to the world.

　　CCTV News:According to WeChat official account news from the Central Meteorological Observatory, the latest forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that the No.6 typhoon "Kanu" will land on the south coast of South Korea on the morning of August 10th and enter the northeast of China on the night of the 11th, bringing strong wind and rain. There are 6 ~ 7 winds in parts of Heilongjiang and Jilin, and local gusts are 10 ~ 11; There are heavy rains in northeastern Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang, and the accumulated rainfall can reach 120 ~ 200mm. The cumulative surface rainfall in sub-basins such as Mudanjiang, the lower reaches of Songhua River and Tumen River is 75 ~ 85mm. Meteorologists reminded that the future wind and rain affected areas of Typhoon Kanu are highly overlapped with the areas where heavy rains and floods occurred in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in the early stage, and the pressure of flood control is great. It is suggested to take precautions against floods, mountain torrents, geological disasters and urban and rural waterlogging in small and medium-sized rivers in advance.

　　It is estimated that the No.6 typhoon "Kanu" will move northward at a speed of about 10 kilometers per hour this year, and its intensity will be enhanced. It will land on the southern coast of South Korea on the morning of August 10, and its intensity is expected to be strong tropical storm or typhoon (28 ~ 33 m/s, 10 ~ 12), and it will enter the northeast of China on the night of the 11th, and gradually weaken into an extratropical cyclone.

　　Gale forecast: It is predicted that there will be 6-8 winds and 9-10 gusts in eastern Bohai Sea, Bohai Strait, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Taiwan Province Strait, southern coast of Zhejiang, northern coast of Fujian and northern coast of Taiwan Province Island on August 11th, affected by Kanu. Among them, the winds in the eastern part of the Yellow Sea and the eastern part of the East China Sea can reach 9-10 and the gusts are 11-10. On October 10-13, there were 4-5 winds and 6-7 gusts in the northeast and coastal waters of Shandong Peninsula, 6-7 winds and 8-9 gusts in some areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin, and the local winds could reach 8-9 and 10-11 gusts.

　　Rainfall forecast: On October 10-12, affected by Kanu, there was moderate to heavy rain in eastern Liaoning, and heavy rain in eastern Jilin, northern Heilongjiang and central and eastern China, including heavy rain in northeastern Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang. The accumulated rainfall in the above areas is 30 ~ 60 mm, and the local area can reach 120 ~ 200 mm. The maximum hourly rain intensity is 30 ~ 50 mm, and the local area can reach more than 60 mm. The main rainfall period is from the night of the 10th to the day of the 12th.

　　Surface rainfall forecast: on October 10-12, the surface rainfall in the sub-basins of Songhua River, such as Hulan reach, Lalin reach and Songhua Lake, is 22-28 mm; The cumulative area rainfall of Mudanjiang, the lower reaches of Songhua River and Tumen River is 75 ~ 85 mm..

　　Experts remind that since the end of July, there has been heavy rainfall in Northeast China, with rainfall in most parts of Heilongjiang, western Jilin and southern Liaoning being 30% to 80% higher than normal, and in some parts of southeastern Heilongjiang, northern Jilin and western Liaoning being more than twice as high, resulting in super-warning floods in many rivers, and heavy rains and floods in Lan Shu, Jilin, Wuchang and Shangzhi in Heilongjiang. Because the future wind and rain impact of Kanu is highly overlapped with the previous falling area, the disaster risk will be further aggravated, so it is suggested to do a good job in flood control in Songliao Basin. The bottom water of rivers in Heilongjiang and Jilin is high, so it is necessary to pay attention to the monitoring of rain, water and flood, strengthen the inspection of dams and dams in rivers, reservoirs and lakes to ensure the safety of small and medium-sized rivers, reservoirs and towns, and strengthen the prevention of disasters such as flash floods, landslides and mudslides in mountainous areas.

　　In addition, it is estimated that on October 10-12, the risk level of farmland waterlogging disaster in some areas such as central and eastern Heilongjiang and eastern Jilin is high, which has adverse effects on the growth and development of crops such as spring corn, soybeans and potatoes. It is suggested to clear ditches and drain water in time to reduce the risk of crop lodging.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Jinan, December 16th: Birds fall in love with the Yellow River Estuary — — Visit to the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Nian and Wu Shuguang

　　Since the beginning of winter, the scenery of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve in Shandong Province is more like a beautiful picture of a scenery film — — Between the waves, the reeds on the shoals are like snow, and groups of migratory birds are strolling comfortably or spreading their wings, and the beautiful songs are one after another.

　　The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea from Dongying, Shandong Province, and its alluvial Yellow River Delta has a complete wetland ecosystem in warm temperate zone. In 1992, a national protected area with a total area of 153,000 hectares was established here, which played an important role in protecting the newly-born wetland ecosystem and rare and endangered birds. In 2013, the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta were listed in the list of internationally important wetlands by the International Convention on Wetlands; In 2018, Dongying ranked among the first batch of "international wetland cities" in the world.

　　When the reporter visited the nature reserve, he saw that the red-crowned crane walked gracefully, the white crane, the wart-nosed swan and the white spoonbill were hovering at low altitude, and the solitary oriental white stork stayed quietly in the nest most of the time … …

　　In the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, the nest of oriental storks with a diameter of several meters is on the telephone pole. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　Liujing, head of the Ecological Monitoring Center of the Yellow River Delta, told the reporter that the number of birds in the nature reserve has increased from 187 when it was built to 371 now, including 25 species under national first-class protection and 65 species under second-class protection. The number of 38 species of birds exceeds 1% of the global total. Millions of birds migrate here every year, and some of them even spend the winter and breed here.

　　This is a great egret shot in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　"This is an important transit point for bird migration, with ‘ Bird International Airport ’ The reputation of the migration peak is extremely busy. " Zhao Yajie, a researcher at the reserve, said that among the nine bird migration routes in the world, two routes, East Asia-Australasia and the Pacific Rim, pass through the Yellow River Delta.

　　Two red-crowned cranes in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve perched among the aquatic plants. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　Since last year, rare birds such as white pelican and spoonbill snipe have been discovered in the Yellow River Delta. However, in the view of researchers, the national first-class protection of birds, Oriental White Storks, is a testimony to the continuous improvement of the ecological environment. They only passed through the Yellow River Delta in their migration at the earliest, and began to nest here in 2003. In 2005, they first bred two nests of seven young birds in the wild. Observations show that this year, Oriental white storks have bred 324 chicks in 120 nests, with a total of 2278 chicks. "According to the information we have, it is undoubtedly the largest breeding ground for oriental storks in the world." Zhao Yajie said.

　　This is a bird flock taken near the dampproof dike in Kenli District, Dongying City. Ren Xiaojie

　　The reporter learned that the reserve not only insists on protection priority and natural restoration, but also takes the initiative and acts scientifically. For example, oriental storks like to nest and lay eggs in tall trees to hatch chicks, but there are no such trees in the Yellow River Delta. After careful research, the reserve has built 115 artificial nests for oriental storks, which proves to be effective. The reporter saw that the bird’s nest with a diameter of more than 2 meters on the high cement pole was quite eye-catching.

　　At the same time, since 2002, the local area has taken advantage of the favorable opportunity of the Yellow River to adjust water and sediment to replenish water, and successively implemented habitat protection projects for key species such as oriental white stork and black-billed gull, and the species and number of birds have increased significantly.

　　"Water is the life of the wetland. There are water, fish and birds." Tianpeng Wang, the stationmaster of the 1,200-meter management station in the nature reserve, said that continuous water supply for many years has effectively curbed the degradation of wetlands, restored the ecology, and steadily increased the biodiversity of wetlands, attracting more and more birds to inhabit and breed here. According to the introduction of Shandong Yellow River Bureau, Diaokou River was the flow path of the Yellow River before its diversion in 1976. Since 2010, the ecological water supply of this flow path has reached 381 million cubic meters.

　　Because of the strict requirements for breeding sites, the black-billed gull, a national first-class protected bird, is often regarded as an indicator species of wetland ecological environment changes, and is listed in the Red Book of Endangered Animals in China and the Red List of Endangered Species of IUCN. In 1992, two breeding grounds of black-billed gull were discovered for the first time in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve. Since then, its population has been expanding. The survey this spring showed that its breeding population exceeded 10,000 for the first time.

　　The reporter learned that the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is also the largest new wetland natural vegetation area along the coast of China, with 1,630 species of wild animals and 685 species of plants respectively. Xu Mingde, secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the management committee of the nature reserve, said that they insisted on using an ecological approach to manage the ecology, and the wetland area of the nature reserve has increased by 12.3% and 188 square kilometers since 2017.

　　The endless wings of Suaeda salsa dye the vast beaches red. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　It is understood that the Yellow River Estuary National Park, which is integrated from eight nature reserves such as the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, has entered the stage of creation and implementation. In line with the goal of building the first land-sea integrated national park in China, the local government is solidly promoting a series of ecological protection and restoration projects to promote a healthier ecosystem and further enhance biodiversity.

　　■ Zheng Bingwen
　　
　　The issue of housing provident fund retention and abolition has once again become a hot topic in society. Some people think that the housing provident fund system is unfair, and the housing provident fund has completed its historical mission. In order to reduce the burden on enterprises, it is advocated to abolish the housing provident fund.
　　
　　The author believes that the housing provident fund system still has the value of existence at present and should continue to be retained.
　　
　　Institutional Efficiency and Equity of Housing Provident Fund
　　
　　From the 2018 Annual Report of National Housing Provident Fund published by official website, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, we can have a bird’s eye view of the institutional efficiency and fairness of housing provident fund, and have a general understanding of the system. According to the "annual report" of the provident fund, the institutional efficiency of the provident fund can be summarized into four characteristics, and the institutional fairness can be summarized into four characteristics. First look at the four institutional efficiency characteristics of housing provident fund.
　　
　　First, the benefit rate is relatively high.Since the establishment of the provident fund system, a total of 33.35 million individual housing loans (including two sets of loans with more than two times) have been issued, of which one third are dual employees, and a total of about 55 million people have benefited. Among the 144 million paid-in employees, 38% have successfully become housing lenders. The essence of the housing provident fund system is a mutual aid system. As a mutual aid system, 38% of its members can benefit, which is not low.
　　
　　Second, the mortgage level is appropriate and effective.In 2018, 2.53 million individual housing loans were issued, with an amount of 1.02 trillion yuan. On average, each mortgage was about 400,000 yuan. Paying down payment in second-and third-tier cities can basically solve the loan, and there is no need to combine commercial loans.
　　
　　Third, reduce the heavy interest burden for employees.The interest rate of provident fund loans is low, 3.25% for more than five years, which is 1.65&mdash lower than the benchmark interest rate of commercial individual housing loans; 2 percentage points. The mortgage issued in 2018 can save interest expenses of 202 billion yuan for loan employees, and the average loan can save interest expenses of 80,000 yuan if calculated in 10 years. For more than 20 years, the provident fund system has reduced the interest burden of trillions of yuan for employees, which is the vitality of the provident fund system.
　　
　　Fourth, the administrative cost comes entirely from the extracted management fee.There are 342 provident fund management centers in China with 3,439 service outlets, and there are 44,000 employees in the country, 40% of whom are non-employees. In 2018, the management fee was 11.7 billion yuan, and the comprehensive management cost per 100 million yuan of assets was 210,000 yuan, including salaries and bonuses of all employees, office space, office equipment and official expenses. The whole provident fund system is a self-supporting system. In the national contributory welfare system, such as the social insurance system and even the National Social Security Fund Council, all its operating and management costs (staff salaries and office equipment, etc.) come from financial funds, while the management costs of the housing provident fund system are completely self-digested, which is very rare in China’s current contributory welfare system.
　　
　　Let’s take a look at the four institutional fairness characteristics of the housing provident fund from the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund.
　　
　　First, the coverage has gradually expanded.By 2018, the number of employees paid into the provident fund was 144 million, which is a large coverage in China’s contributory welfare system. For example, in a comparable social insurance system, except for medical care and old-age care, unemployment insurance covers 196 million people and maternity insurance covers 204 million people, and they are more compulsory than housing provident fund. Other payment systems cover a small number of people, for example, enterprise annuities cover less than 24 million people.
　　
　　Second, the structure of paid employees is dominated by formal sector employment.Among the 144 million employees, 31% are from government agencies and institutions, 20% from state-owned enterprises, 31% from private enterprises and 8% from foreign capital, and the remaining 10% are non-governmental, collective enterprises and other types of units. There are narrow and broad definitions of formal sector employment in China. The narrow definition refers to urban corporate institutions and urban collective units, which employ 170 million people. In a broad sense, we should also add 140 million urban private employees, that is, employees of private enterprises whose business address is located above Chengguan Town in the county. Unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and provident fund mainly cover employees in the formal sector in a narrow sense.
　　
　　Third, the system is very transparent.The information disclosure and transparency of the housing provident fund system have always been better. In 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the People’s Bank of China jointly issued the Notice on Improving the Information Disclosure System of Housing Provident Fund (J.J. [2015] No.26). In addition, the Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund jointly released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank to the whole society every year has complete information and is very transparent. For example, the proportion of paid employees according to the nature of the unit (civil servants, institutions, state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, etc.), the withdrawal of provident fund by type (reasons for withdrawal, number of people, proportional amount), various types of loans (housing type, area, number of units, etc.), pilot loans to support the construction of affordable housing, business revenue and expenditure and value-added income, distribution of housing loans and value-added income in various provinces, asset risk, etc.
　　
　　Fourthly, housing provident fund, as a mutual fund, has played three spillover effects on housing construction in China.One is to occupy a place in the housing market. For example, in 2018, the housing consumption category of housing provident fund, personal housing loans and discount loans for public developers totaled 2.2 trillion yuan (including nearly half of the repayment of loan principal and interest), accounting for 17% of the national commercial housing sales and 16% in the personal housing loan market. Another example is to support loan workers to purchase and build housing area of 287 million square meters, accounting for 19% of the national commercial housing sales area. Second, it plays an obvious role in the rental market and housing repair market. The provident fund has provided support to employees who have no need to buy a house for the time being in their needs of renting and repairing houses. The withdrawal amount of 7.66 million rented employees has reached 73 billion yuan, and the per capita annual withdrawal amount is 10,000 yuan. Third, it plays a huge role in the construction of affordable housing. The housing provident fund provides loan support for affordable housing construction projects. By the end of 2018, a total of 87.215 billion yuan of loans had been issued to 373 pilot projects for affordable housing construction. In addition, the value-added income of some housing accumulation funds also provided supplementary funds for the construction of urban public rental housing (low-rent housing), and a total of 336.5 billion yuan was withdrawn from the construction of public rental housing. For another example, the Beijing Housing Provident Fund has so far issued 36 project loans with a loan amount of 20.1 billion yuan and a construction area of 940,000 square meters, potentially solving the housing difficulties of low-and middle-income workers’ families by more than 90,000 households.
　　
　　The mission of housing provident fund is not completely over.
　　
　　From the perspectives of efficiency and fairness, the above-mentioned provident fund system has performed well in many contributory welfare systems, at least not very badly, which has played a role in the transformation of housing system and solving the housing difficulties of employees. In the coming period, the historical mission of housing provident fund has not yet ended, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
　　
　　First, from the demand side, housing provident fund can also play a certain role.In the third-and fourth-tier cities, the role of alleviating housing difficulties for working-class people is very obvious. The most convincing is the mortgage rate, that is, the ratio of the balance of personal housing loans to the balance of housing provident fund deposits at the end of the year. For example, most provinces in the central and western regions have mortgage rates of 70% to 80%, and only Xizang (68%), Qinghai (69%) and Xinjiang Construction Corps (38%) are below 70%. Almost all first-and second-tier cities are above 85%, for example, Beijing is 95%, Shanghai is 96%, Tianjin is almost 100%, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and Guizhou are above 95%. What’s important is that the housing prices in first-and second-tier cities are high, and the employees employed by government agencies and institutions every year are under great pressure to buy houses. These groups are all admitted through the "national examination", and they undertake the function of running the state machine. In the front line of scientific research and teaching, the marginal utility of housing provident fund is the highest, and in second-and third-tier cities, they can completely rely on provident fund to solve the problem of buying houses. If the provident fund is abolished, it means that there are great obstacles for the central ministries or some departments to recruit outstanding talents.
　　
　　Second, from the pattern of initial income distribution in China, retaining the provident fund can increase the share of labor income.As we all know, the share of labor income is too low in China’s primary income distribution pattern. Since the reform and opening up, the index of labor income share has fluctuated, from over 60% in the 1990s to below 50% before the international financial crisis in 2008, and then it has rebounded. It has improved in the past 10 years, but it is 15 to 20 percentage points lower than developed countries on average, and even lower than some developing countries.
　　
　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "Adhere to the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity". The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era just released on May 18, 2020 once again pointed out: "Increase the labor remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, realize the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity."
　　
　　From the perspective of implementing the central spirit, the provident fund system is a good thing. The idea of canceling the provident fund is mainly for the sake of reducing the burden on enterprises, and the starting point is also good, but the crux of the problem lies in the fact that the focus should be on reducing taxes and social security premiums. China’s tax revenue mainly comes from indirect taxes, and direct taxes only account for about 10%. In the long run, we should gradually focus on direct taxes, but if the share of labor income is always too low, it will always be empty talk.
　　
　　Third, from the perspective of employees’ sense of acquisition, the effect of provident fund is very obvious.When they paid the provident fund, the people never complained that the base was too high and the proportion was too high. They complained that the social security premium rate and base were too high. The phenomenon of "evasion" of social security for ordinary people and enterprises is very serious, while almost no one and enterprises "evade" the provident fund! Why? Because the "tax wedge" of the provident fund is "zero", 100% of it becomes the disposable income of employees and their families, and its private attribute is very obvious. Excluding the provident fund, the tax wedge of social security contributions (including payroll tax) in China is as high as 30.81%, which is exactly equal to the average of OECD countries. In contrast, the tax wedge of Denmark, a Nordic welfare country, is only 30.99%, which is only a little higher than that of China. There are many developed countries with lower tax wedge than ours, such as Japan (29.64%), Australia (26.96%), Britain (26.51%), Luxembourg (26.29%), Ireland (24.66%), Canada (24.12%) and the United States (23.95%).
　　
　　Importantly, in the social security payment of individuals and enterprises, the tax wedge of enterprise payment is as high as 19.22%, and the tax wedge of individual payment and individual tax is 6.41% and 5.19% respectively. That is to say, in the structure of tax wedge, the social security payment of enterprises accounts for as high as 62.36% (individual payment is 20.79%, individual tax is 16.85%). Such a large tax wedge, with Of course, enterprises can evade fees "justifiably". Employees don’t get benefits, and they don’t have a sense of gain. Of course, they are willing to "cooperate" with enterprises to evade fees. Therefore, it is an unspoken rule that employees and enterprises "evade" social security fees together, and it is the social security system that ultimately "suffers". This is the main reason why paying provident fund is more popular than paying social security fees.
　　
　　Fourth, the low-and middle-income borrowers of the provident fund account for 95%, which is especially popular in poor areas.One of the main reasons for advocating the abolition of provident fund is that the system is unfair and the poor subsidize the rich. Of the 2.53 million mortgages of 1 trillion yuan issued in 2018, 95% were low-and middle-income borrowers, and high-income earners only accounted for 5%. According to the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund, the low-middle income here means that the income is 3 times lower than the average wage of the local society last year, and the high income means that the income is 3 times higher than the average wage of the local society last year (inclusive). Look at age and housing purchase: 76% of borrowers are under 40 years old, 89% buy a building area of less than 144 square meters, and the first set accounts for 85%. Obviously, the above data show that buyers are basically just in need, and the provident fund system really provides protection and support for low-and middle-income groups to buy houses.
　　
　　Let’s use the deposit base of several typical poverty-stricken areas in 2017 to see their attitudes and behaviors towards the provident fund (the data are all from their housing provident fund report released in official website): the deposit base of Dingxi in Gansu is 101% of its social average wage, Baise in Guangxi is 110% of its social average wage, and Zhangye in Gansu has the highest actual deposit base, which is 113% of its social average wage. This shows that the deposit base of employees in poverty-stricken areas is very "real", even exceeding the local social wage, because they have benefited.
　　
　　Fifth, the number of employees who have paid in is increasing, especially in private enterprises.Let’s look at the fairness between "within the system" and "outside the system". In real life, this pair of concepts can be understood in two ways. One means that institutions and state-owned enterprises are regarded as "within the system", while others are regarded as "outside the system". Among the 144 million paid-in employees, there are 44.52 million in government institutions and 29.28 million in state-owned enterprises, totaling 73.8 million, which shows that the number of paid-in employees in the "system" is basically in a "saturated" state; Another understanding is that "within the system" refers to the formal employment sector, "outside the system" refers to the informal employment sector, and the formal employment sector has broad and narrow meanings. With government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises basically saturated, private enterprises will become the main force to participate in the provident fund at present and in the future. For example, in 2018, there were 19.9 million new accounts opened in the provident fund, of which private enterprises accounted for 50% (9.94 million), which shows that the proportion of private enterprises will gradually increase in the process of expanding coverage in the future. In the formal employment group, it is unfair to employees who have not participated in the provident fund, but the expansion of coverage needs a process. The state has issued documents many times to expand the coverage of the provident fund, which requires the joint efforts of employers, employees and the whole society, and the coverage of social insurance has also gone through such a process. For example,The basic old-age insurance for employees of urban enterprises covered only 136 million people 20 years ago, and reached 967 million in 2019. However, if the provident fund is abolished, the employees who have not joined and those who have joined will lose their opportunities forever. As long as this system exists, opportunities will exist.
　　
　　Main problems and reform suggestions of housing provident fund system
　　
　　The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era, which was just released on March 18th, 2020, pointed out: "Reform the housing provident fund system".
　　
　　The author believes that this is the most authoritative and latest tone of the central government on housing provident fund, and its attitude is very clear, that is "reform", not "cancellation", and I fully agree with it. Since the central government’s attitude is still clear, if we want to reform, we should first make clear what the problems are in the provident fund, and then discuss what the solution is, not whether to cancel it, but whether to reform it. There may be many problems with the provident fund, for example, whether older employees who have no need to buy houses have the right to quit, whether individual employees have the right to choose the proportion of contributions within the upper limit, and so on.
　　
　　However, there have been two biggest problems with the housing provident fund: First, the investment method is single and the rate of return is too low. For example, the value-added rate of return in 2018 is only 1.56%; The direct result of the low value-added rate of return is that the deposit interest paid by employees is too low, and the interest is only calculated at 1.5%. If calculated according to the market-oriented investment rate of return, the loss is huge. Take the balance of 802.3 billion yuan in 2018 as an example. If it is entrusted to the National Social Security Fund Council for investment and the rate of return is assumed to be 6%, the interest income this year will be as high as 28 billion. Therefore, after more than 20 years, the interest loss will be several hundred billion yuan. For individual employees, the interest rate of 1.5% is far from outperforming the inflation rate, and the risk of depreciation is very obvious. The funds deposited in the account are shrinking every year; The interest rate of 1.5% is at least 10 percentage points lower than the social average wage growth rate, resulting in "welfare loss" doubling every few years. In the past 22 years, the unit proportional payment is almost equivalent to "nothing". In the past 22 years, the wage growth rate and population growth rate have exceeded 14%, which is called "biological rate of return" and "internal rate of return" (we can roughly understand it as actual purchasing power). Minus the interest-bearing level of 1.5%, the annual "welfare loss" will be at least 12%. After 22 years, the welfare loss of employees will be astronomical.From the perspective of the whole society, this is a huge loss of social welfare and a "transfer" of social wealth. The second problem is that the surplus funds can’t be used in the whole country between the areas with low overall planning level and high loan ratio (for example, 99.5% in Tianjin) and the areas with low loan ratio (for example, 78% in Qinghai). From the perspective of the whole society, the low level of fund management and regional separatism reduce the efficiency of "mutual assistance" of surplus funds.
　　
　　In view of the above analysis, there are problems in the provident fund system, but we should not give up eating because of choking. We should solve the problems in the provident fund as soon as possible, and we should not turn a blind eye to them. Otherwise, we will be irresponsible to the paid employees. From a certain point of view, we will "fatten" the state-owned banks with low-priced and high-quality assets. Since some scholars have put forward a motion to cancel the provident fund, policy makers should act as soon as possible with a sense of urgency and a high sense of responsibility for the people’s interests, so as not to let a good livelihood system become a "soft rib" for a long time. In order to get rid of the above two main disadvantages, the author puts forward four reform ideas or four reform options.
　　
　　First, expand the function and optimize the structure without changing the nature of the current administrative institution of the housing provident fund center.This is an improved scheme, the easiest and most convenient scheme, and the existing system and mechanism will not be changed. The areas of "improvement" include: in the investment system, we can adopt the mode that the basic old-age insurance fund for urban workers entrusts the National Social Security Fund Council to invest, and the provinces sign contracts with the National Social Security Fund Council respectively and agree on specific matters such as investment return rate, and all the real investment income is distributed to the paid employees as interest. In terms of business scope, provident fund centers in first-and second-tier cities are allowed to use value-added income and other funds to directly invest in and hold rental housing, and support paid employees to solve housing problems through leasing; Expand the coverage of deposits to cover urban migrant workers and even freelancers; At the level of overall planning, it will be promoted to national overall planning, and the mutual integration of funds between cities will be strengthened. Deposited employees can continue to deposit in different places, extract and use in different places, and lend; Establish a new loan allocation mechanism in the use of extraction, tilt towards low-and middle-income groups, and increase support for rental housing; Improve the efficiency in the operation mechanism and simplify the procedures for extraction and use; Strengthen the publicity according to law in supervision and regularly disclose information.
　　
　　Second, the national housing provident fund management company, a policy-based non-bank financial institution with independent legal person, was reorganized and established (the idea of "Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac" in the United States).The national housing provident fund management company issues bonds and securities in the capital market with national credit, expands the fund pool, and provides liquidity support and policy guarantee for ordinary people to use the housing provident fund; In terms of the use of funds, the National Housing Provident Fund Management Company does not directly issue loans, but supports the basic housing needs of paid employees by providing low-interest and long-term credit guarantees for paid employees. After being guaranteed by the provident fund management company, paid employees can choose any provident fund center and commercial bank to obtain loans. This method can promote the competition between provident fund centers and commercial banks, and improve the efficiency and service level of housing loans for paid employees. At the same time, the national housing provident fund management company provides funds for the provident fund centers and commercial banks by purchasing their mortgage assets in bulk. In the first-and second-tier cities with high housing prices, we will support the construction and operation of rental housing through loans or direct investment, and promote "both rent and purchase". Establish a national overall planning mechanism and a national housing provident fund fund fund management platform to realize national deposit and withdrawal and interbank lending; In terms of operation mechanism and supervision mechanism, it operates in the way of corporate governance structure of financial institutions and accepts supervision.
　　
　　Thirdly, the policy-oriented National Housing Bank was reorganized and established (the idea of China Postal Savings Bank).Based on the model of housing savings banks in developed countries, the national provident fund center will be reorganized into a unified national independent legal person financial institution, and the provincial and municipal provident fund centers will be reorganized into branches of the National Housing Bank, and bonds and securities will be issued in the capital market with national credit; Carry out policy-based housing savings business, establish a differential credit mechanism, and provide more favorable housing financial support to low-and middle-income groups, which can be deposited and connected in different places, and used and loaned in different places; Issue project loans to rental housing construction. In the operation mechanism, it operates according to the corporate governance structure of modern financial institutions, and establishes an incentive mechanism to promote efficiency and risk control; According to the regulatory mechanism of policy finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible for the formulation and supervision of housing policy rules, while the central bank and the China Banking Regulatory Commission are responsible for the formulation and supervision of banking regulatory rules.
　　
　　Fourth, merge with enterprise annuity and integrate it into a comprehensive provident fund system (the idea of Singapore Central Provident Fund).Considering the aging trend, following the principle of life cycle, taking into account the capital needs of urban residents in housing and pension, a unified personal provident fund account will be established throughout the country. According to the housing and pension, two sub-accounts are set up. The housing account implements "low deposit and low loan", and the funds in the housing account can be extracted for renting or buying housing. When employees have no provident fund loans or housing consumption needs, the funds in the housing account are transferred to the pension account. Set up a policy-based non-bank financial institution to be responsible for the investment and operation of the comprehensive provident fund pool, and play the dual role of the current housing provident fund and enterprise annuity.
　　
　　(The author is a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences)
　　
　　

On (import), we can see a sharper and more powerful sense of strength. The car style continues the family design concept, the front face is very strong, the headlights on both sides are sharp, and the internal light groups are patchy, and they are bright when lit. Looking sideways, the new car adopts the design of the side of the car body, which prolongs the visual effect of the car to a certain extent. The tail is both familiar and rich in layers, and the details of the source have become more slender after being redrawn.

As far as car interior is concerned, Audi A4 (imported) is more graceful. The flat-bottomed steering wheel is full of movement and has shift paddles, which is very fun to drive. The top of the center console is covered with a large area of soft material, which feels soft. The front row is also equipped with a dual-temperature automatic air conditioning control system to freely debug the most comfortable space atmosphere. The seat is spacious, and the seating space is acceptable, which meets the daily household needs.

The length, width and height are 4762×1847×1490mm respectively, and the wheelbase has reached 2819 mm. In the same class, the wheelbase of Audi A4 (imported) ranks 11th. This size exceeds most models in its class. The actual interior space performance is also very good. From the actual ride experience, the front and rear rows are relatively spacious. The sunroof of Audi A4 (imported) allroad quattro provides a wider field of vision, which can create a better visual environment and good sensitivity for the rear passengers and increase the light entrance for the whole vehicle. Audi A4 (imported) ranks 12th in the same price and class. The shape is very regular, and the storage volume is absolutely no problem for daily use.

Audi A4 (imported) is equipped with a combination of 2.0 turbocharged engine (mixed injection) and wet dual clutch (DCT). It will definitely bring unforgettable control charm. Ranked first among the 250,000-400,000 medium-sized car models.

Audi A4 (imported) has complete active/passive safety configuration, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

In addition to the above description, we can also go to the Easy Car Forum to browse more real car feedback from actual buyers, or use our experience.

　　The annual Tomb-Sweeping Day is coming. Do you plan to go back to your hometown to visit graves and pay homage to your ancestors? Go for a walk to sweep graves, burn paper money, set off firecrackers, and eat green mugs … … It has always been a tradition in Tomb-Sweeping Day, China to offer sacrifices to the dead and mourn for the living. In foreign countries, many countries also have such a special day, with a variety of festivals and ceremonies, to pin their grief on the deceased relatives and friends and martyrs. So, when is the "Tomb-Sweeping Day" abroad? In what ways will they commemorate their ancestors and express their thoughts? Let’s take a look at the best "Tomb-Sweeping Day" abroad!

　　The most patriotic "Tomb-Sweeping Day": the United States, Israelis and Tanzanians.

　　American "fallen soldier’s day" shows people’s love for their country.

　　Memorial Day in the United States is to mourn the American soldiers killed in various wars. It was designated as a national holiday by the federal government in 1971, and the date is the last Monday in May. At first, people only paid homage to all the war victims on the "Memorial Day", and later it gradually evolved into a general family to pay homage to their deceased relatives.

　　Memorial Day is not only an important festival to show patriotism to Americans, but also represents the official start of summer among the people. Many beaches, amusement parks, summer ferries on small islands, etc. will start to operate from the weekend of that week. Due to the three-day holiday in a row, many Americans went to the suburbs for a barbecue, went to the seaside to have fun or visited museums, etc., resulting in serious traffic congestion.

　　Israel: mourning for a series of national anniversaries

　　On April 15th, 2015, Israel held an annual memorial ceremony for the victims of the Holocaust at Yad Wehim Holocaust Memorial Hall in Jerusalem.

　　The Israeli people continuously commemorate the Holocaust Remembrance Day, the Martyrs’ Remembrance Day and Israel’s National Independence Day around May of the Gregorian calendar every year. The anniversary of the Israeli Holocaust is determined according to the Jewish calendar, and it varies from year to year according to the AD calendar.

　　As the Palestinian-Israeli conflict continues, causing great casualties to Israel, these seemingly official festivals are actually directly connected with the feelings of thousands of families in Israel. Whenever these days come, Israelis will come to the graves of their relatives with flowers and candles in their hands, and use the unique customs of the Jewish nation — — Put stones symbolizing eternity on the tombstones of relatives to express their inner grief. Many tombstones are laid flat, so that there can be a larger area on the tombstones to carry the stones entrusted by relatives and friends.

　　Tanzania: "Mourning Festival" mourns the martyrs of the War of Independence.

　　Tanzania is one of the cradles of ancient humans. In the 7th-8th century, Arabs and Persians moved into this area, and in the 19th century, colonial forces from Germany and Britain invaded one after another. In order to strive for independence, the Tanzanian people waged a heroic struggle with the colonists. In 1961, Tanganyika declared independence, in December 1963, Zanzibar declared independence, and in 1964, the two formed a United Republic, which was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania in October of the same year.

　　In order to mourn the martyrs who died for their country in the War of Independence, the Tanzanian people designated September 2nd every year as "Mourning Day". On this day, people voluntarily go to the cemetery to offer flowers and sweep the graves. National leaders also visit the Martyrs Cemetery to pay homage, and some people also offer wreaths in front of the monument in Independence Square to express their grief for the martyrs.

　　The most environmentally friendly "Tomb-Sweeping Day": Singaporean and Russian.

　　Russia: Painting eggs in front of the tomb with fake flowers instead of real receptacle mourning

　　Every year from the end of April to the beginning of May, Russians visit the graves of their deceased relatives with their families. This festival is Russia’s Day of Remembrance of the Dead. The name of Memorial Day in Russian is "Radonica", which literally shows no sadness. According to Russian linguists’ research, the name comes from the words "birth" and "happiness". This festival is specially arranged after Easter, so that people should not be sad for the loss of their loved ones, but should be glad for them to rest in another world.

　　On the Day of Remembrance of the Dead, Russians will visit the graves of their deceased relatives and pay homage to them. According to the traditional custom, they will offer eggs painted with colorful patterns in front of the tomb, which is said to pray for the blessing of the dead. In addition, they will also provide food such as sweet milk cake, pie and fruit soup, and plant flowers and plants around the cemetery. After the memorial service, the whole family will have a simple dinner in front of the tomb. Everyone will drink a glass of vodka, but they can’t touch glasses or talk when drinking. Devout Orthodox believers go to the church to light candles for the deceased before going to the cemetery, pray for the soul of the deceased to rest in peace, and collect holy water and sprinkle it in front of the cemetery. Today, some details of the memorial ceremony have changed. For example, in the past, Russians placed flowers in front of cemeteries, but now they use more and more beautifully made fake flowers. On the one hand, fake flowers can last longer, and on the other hand, fake flowers are relatively cheaper than real flowers.

　　Singapore: government-customized incineration barrels are easy to clean.

　　Compared with Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chinese Singaporeans pay more attention to the "Mid-Yuan Festival" on July 15th of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it that all ghosts were released in the underworld on that day, and people generally carried out activities of offering sacrifices to ghosts. In order not to affect hygiene and facilitate cleaning, Singapore’s incineration barrels are customized by the government and placed in front of the house every July for people to burn paper.

　　There is also a special performance in the Chinese-speaking areas of Singapore to entertain ghosts, which the local Fujian people call "July Song Tai" or "Song Tai" for short. Generally speaking, a singing stage is set up on an open space, decorated with audio equipment and lighting, and rows of chairs are placed in the audience, while the chairs in the first row are usually vacant and reserved for "good brothers" (ghosts). Stage performances are usually arranged at night, including humorous short plays, magic, strong songs and dances, etc., and performances are held throughout the seventh month of the lunar calendar.

　　The happiest "Tomb-Sweeping Day": Philippine, Mexican.

　　Philippines: Set up tents and sing K-style family gatherings.

　　On November 1, 2008, in a cemetery in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, a boy was cleaning up the tombstones of his relatives.

　　Filipinos usually sweep graves for their deceased relatives on Halloween and All Souls’ Day every autumn. They will set up tents in cemeteries for the night and hold various entertainment activities to remember their loved ones in a happy atmosphere. Halloween and All Souls’ Day are the most popular days of the year in the Philippines. On the day before Halloween, the grave keeper will clean the cemetery and the surrounding roads to welcome grave sweepers. On Halloween, many people rushed to the cemetery and set up tents for the night.

　　When sweeping graves, Filipinos will not only offer flowers and sacrifices to their deceased relatives, but also prepare food and various entertainment activities for themselves. At the graves of relatives, some people pray, some cook, some play poker, some play guitar, and some even sing karaoke, as if they were holding a lively family gathering. A Philippine media commented that Halloween and All Souls’ Day are not only festivals for the dead, but also festivals for the living.

　　Mexico: Celebration to welcome the dead home is included in the intangible heritage.

　　Mexico’s Day of the Dead is divided into two days. Every year, November 1st is the "Young Spirit Day" to pay homage to the dead children, and November 2nd is the "Soul Festival" to pay tribute to the dead adults. At this time, Mexicans will set up altars at home, filled with flowers, candy, decorations, etc., to welcome their deceased relatives home, or set up banquets in cemeteries, play music and wait for celebrations all night. Mexican aborigines believe that death is not a sad thing, but should welcome the dead home with songs and dances and colorful celebrations.

　　The Day of the Dead originated from the ancient Mexican indigenous Indian culture. After the Spanish came to the New World in the 16th century, the Western Catholic Halloween was combined with the ancient Indian tradition of offering sacrifices to the dead, thus gradually forming today’s Day of the Dead. In 2003, UNESCO listed Mexico Day for the Dead as an intangible cultural heritage. Although Mexico’s "Day of the Dead" is similar to other western countries, it essentially inherits the Indian tradition and shows Indian cultural characteristics, as well as their unique humor and ideas about life and death. In their view, death is not the end of life. The dead will go to another happy world and enjoy the beginning of a new life.

　　The most religious "Tomb-Sweeping Day": Cambodian and Polish.

　　Cambodia: It is an important activity to go to the temple to sacrifice the dead.

　　Buddhism is the main religion in Cambodia, so the "Tomb-Sweeping Day" in Cambodia is also very religious. The Day of the Dead, held from October 1 to 15 in the Buddhist calendar every year, is the most solemn festival in Cambodia, with the theme of remembering the dead and worshiping the ancestors. The content of the Day of the Dead is very rich. Every family will go out for an outing, have a picnic, visit relatives and friends while paying homage to their ancestors, and various activities will be held in various places, such as buffalo race, wrestling competition, stick performance and so on.

　　Sacrifice in the temple is the most important activity of the Day of the Dead. At that time, every household should bring sacrifices and go to the temple to worship, and almost all Buddhist temples, big or small, will be full. If possible, they will take food to Buddhist temples every day, and some people can even go to three or four Buddhist temples to give alms in one morning; If there are no conditions, you can only go to one or two Buddhist temples once or twice in 15 days, but you must go. According to the Khmer national tradition, the more Buddhist temples you go to, the more merits you accumulate.

　　Poland: Mass to pray for the dead

　　November 2nd every year is a traditional festival for Poles to remember the dead, which is called Day of the Dead, and it follows Halloween on November 1st. Today, in Poland, the memorial activities for the dead are mainly concentrated on November 1. On this day, people go to the cemetery to sweep graves, and the elderly light candles symbolizing the immortality of the deceased, so that children can offer them sacrifices to educate future generations not to forget their ancestors. They will also display bouquets, baskets or other decorations to commemorate their old friends.

　　According to the traditional explanation of Poland, the Day of the Dead began to spread in the 12th century, and it was not accepted by people all over the country until the end of 15th century. Besides sweeping graves, Poles also go to mass and pray for the dead. (Text Image Source: Xinhuanet, Overseas Network Editor: Tian Ming, Intern Li Xia)

　　Cctv newsIn order to remind users to correctly purchase and use gas appliances, prevent and resolve gas safety risks, and effectively protect people’s lives and property safety, the General Administration of Market Supervision issued four types of gas appliances product quality and safety risk tips, including gas cookers, connecting hoses for gas, pressure regulators for bottled liquefied petroleum gas, and combustible gas detectors.

　　The market supervision department will focus on industrial products with large safety risks, strengthen quality and safety supervision, keep the bottom line of product quality and safety, and ensure high-quality development with high-level safety.

Risk warning of gas cooker

Gas cookers are gas burning appliances that directly heat cooking utensils with fire, among which domestic gas cookers are compulsory certified products (CCC certified products). Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some domestic gas cookers have potential risks in terms of heat load, carbon monoxide concentration in dry flue gas (indoor type) and gas conduit.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Pay attention to the product nameplate when purchasing, and confirm whether the product name and model, the type of gas used, the rated gas supply pressure, the rated heat load and other information are complete. Pay attention to check whether there is CCC certification mark for domestic gas stoves.

2. The product structure of gas cookers with different gas sources is different, and the appropriate products should be selected according to the types of gas sources.

3. Pay attention to check whether there is a flameout protection device.

4. Gas cookers should be installed by professionals in strict accordance with the requirements of the manual and relevant regulations.

5. Regularly clean the places that are easy to be blocked, such as the fire cover and nozzle, so as to keep the gas cooker in the best combustion condition. When cleaning, try not to disassemble the burner components as much as possible, and be careful not to damage the gas pipeline, so as not to cause gas leakage accidents.

6. The national mandatory standards stipulate that the life of household gas cookers should be 8 years from the date of sale, and the gas cookers that exceed the service life should be replaced in time.

7. Encourage users to install and use gas smart meters, gas leakage safety protection devices, self-closing valves, independent smoke fire detectors, combustible gas detection alarms and other protection devices to actively prevent gas leakage risks.

8 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of connecting hose for gas

The connecting hose for gas is an important part of the connecting pipeline of gas appliances or the pressure regulator of bottled liquefied petroleum gas. The commonly used ones are stainless steel corrugated hose, rubber and plastic hose, metal-coated hose, etc. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some connecting hoses for gas have potential risks in terms of flexibility, hose length, tensile strength and hose joint thread.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Stainless steel corrugated hose and metal-coated hose have good bending performance, strength, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, which can effectively prevent external damage or insect bites.

2. Users should purchase products with product name, specification, manufacturer’s name, product standard number and other information; For rubber and plastic hoses, the above information, production date and service life should be marked every 300mm or on a single hose.

3. When using stainless steel corrugated hose, we should pay attention to whether the use and connection form of hose are consistent with gas appliances; When using rubber and plastic hoses, clamps should be used to fix them at the joints at both ends.

4. Rubber and plastic hoses should be installed below the height of the stove surface, away from the flame, so as to avoid flame baking accelerating the aging of hoses; The service length shall not exceed 2m, and it shall not cross walls, ceilings, floors, doors and windows, and it shall not be used under bending, stretching, torsion and compression.

5. Gas connecting hoses should be inspected and replaced regularly, especially rubber and plastic hoses that are found to be hardened, aged, cracked and loose or exceed the service life (the service life stipulated by national mandatory standards is not more than 3 years), and should be replaced in time.

6 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of pressure regulator for bottled liquefied petroleum gas

The pressure regulator for bottled liquefied petroleum gas (hereinafter referred to as the pressure regulator) is an accessory for burning appliances after reducing the high pressure of liquefied petroleum gas in gas cylinders to a fixed low pressure. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some voltage regulators have potential risks in product structure (with adjustable function) and outlet pressure.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. According to the national mandatory standards, the rated outlet pressures of household regulators and commercial regulators are 2.8kPa and 2.8kPa/5.0kPa respectively, and the outlet pressure of each regulator is fixed and cannot be adjusted during use. If the outlet pressure is too high, it may lead to gas leakage at the pipeline joint or directly fall off, or it may produce toxic and harmful gases due to insufficient combustion, which has obvious safety risks.

2. The outlet pressure of the commonly known medium-pressure valve is generally higher than 50kPa or even several hundred kPa, and it has a regulating function, which has a huge safety hazard. It is not allowed to use the medium-pressure valve instead of the voltage regulator.

3. The voltage regulator is a special industrial product, so it is not suitable to buy it at will. It is recommended to buy it in a professional unit that operates such products and listen to the advice of professionals. When the outlet of household voltage regulator is a hose connector, products with over-current cut-off safety devices should be selected.

4. Give priority to the voltage regulator products with the manufacturer’s name, trademark, model, production date, service life and gas flow direction marked on the shell. When purchasing, check that the product packaging should be accompanied by instructions, inspection certificates and other materials.

5. Incorrect installation may easily lead to abnormal operation of the voltage regulator, so it should be installed, replaced and maintained by professionals in strict accordance with relevant regulations and specifications.

6. Conduct regular safety inspection. Use high-concentration detergent water and soapy water to smear on the joints and interfaces of the voltage regulator shell first, and then open the valve of the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder. If there is foam, it means air leakage, and it should be replaced in time.

7 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of combustible gas detector

Combustible gas detector is a device with alarm function of gas leakage and incomplete combustion. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some household combustible gas detectors have potential risks in alarm action value, alarm repeatability, orientation and low concentration operation.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Combustible gas detectors are generally divided into natural gas type, liquefied petroleum gas type, artificial gas type, etc., and corresponding alarms should be selected according to the types of gas used. When purchasing, pay attention to the information such as the type of detection gas, power supply mode and production date on the nameplate.

2. When installing, it should be installed in a suitable position according to the requirements of the manual to avoid being installed in a sheltered place or a place that is easy to be polluted. Before use, start the self-check function of the alarm to confirm that the product has entered the normal monitoring state, and observe whether the indicator light is in the normal working state.

3. During use, keep the power on for a long time to avoid frequent power off and power on. Pay attention to the regular cleaning and maintenance of the product to avoid the blockage of the air inlet. After restarting, it is necessary to start the self-inspection function again to ensure the normal functions.

4. If an alarm is given, turn off the gas valve first, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and do not turn on the light or turn on any electrical switch. Find out the cause of gas leakage. If the cause cannot be confirmed, contact the gas company immediately for treatment.

5. If the service life is indicated in the product manual, the products that exceed the service life should be replaced in time.

6 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, August 12 (Reporter Kan Feng) The era of "two children in an all-round way" is coming. In the next few years, China’s preschool education resources are bound to face new challenges. According to a survey report released by MyCOS Research Institute recently, the proportion of graduates from China University who are engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years.

　　Market demand release of preschool education

　　— — The employment ratio of "children and preschool education" has increased continuously for five years.

　　This survey on the employment situation of preschool education industry is based on Max’s follow-up survey on the employment situation of China University graduates from 2012 to 2016. The national sample of each graduate is more than 250,000.

　　Based on the employment data of college students from 2012 to 2016, the survey found that the proportion of China college students engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years after graduation. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduates engaged in "preschool education" was 0.6%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.4%; In 2012, the proportion of vocational college students engaged in "preschool education" was 0.5%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.7%.

　　The contribution of female college students is indispensable to the growth of preschool education team. According to the survey, in the past five years, the proportion of female students engaged in "preschool education" has increased by 1.2 percentage points, and the proportion of female students in higher vocational colleges has increased by as much as 2 percentage points. Among the graduates of 2016, more than 90% of the college students who joined the preschool education industry are women (undergraduate: 90%, higher vocational college: 94%).

　　Comparatively speaking, the proportion of male college students joining the preschool education team has been relatively stable in the past five years. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduate and vocational college boys engaged in "preschool education" was 0.1%, which increased to 0.3% and 0.2% respectively in 2016.

　　Data Map: Children and teachers in the first branch of experimental kindergarten in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province experience architectural design in the game. Photo by Huang Leizhen

　　The monthly income of undergraduate graduates is 3504 yuan.

　　— —The salary of preschool education industry is not high, but the employment satisfaction is high.

　　The demand for employment is rising, so what is the income of college students entering the preschool education industry?

　　According to Michaels’ survey, from the perspective of employment quality, college graduates engaged in the vocational category of "preschool education" show the characteristics of low income but high job satisfaction.

　　Specifically, among the 2016 undergraduate graduates, the monthly income of the occupational group engaged in "early childhood and preschool education" is 3,504 yuan after half a year’s graduation, which is 872 yuan lower than the national undergraduate average (4,376 yuan); However, the employment satisfaction (67%) is slightly higher than the national undergraduate average (66%).

　　Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges in 2016, they are engaged in the occupational group of "early childhood and preschool education". The monthly income after graduation for half a year is 2,706 yuan, which is 893 yuan lower than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (3,599 yuan). However, the employment satisfaction (68%) is significantly higher than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (63%).

　　According to the survey report, "low income" is the main reason why the graduates in the preschool education industry are dissatisfied with the employment situation. With the expansion of the demand for talents in preschool education industry in the future, more jobs related to preschool education will be opened to college graduates. In order to attract and retain talents, how to optimize the gender ratio and improve the overall employment environment in a targeted manner will be a problem that needs to be considered in the development of the industry.

　　Professional expertise is more popular.

　　— — There is a great demand for English majors in preschool education.

　　The close relationship between the work and the major is another feature of preschool education.

　　According to the above survey, 80% of undergraduate graduates in 2016 are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education", and 74% are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education" in 2016.

　　Among undergraduate graduates, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, English and musicology respectively. Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, special education and applied English.

　　According to the report, there is a high correlation between work and major, which shows that the occupational category of "early childhood and preschool education" favors job seekers with "professional expertise". This includes not only graduates from pre-school education majors, but also graduates with professional skills such as art and foreign languages.

　　It can be observed that English majors have appeared in the above-mentioned professions with a high proportion of preschool education, both undergraduates and vocational college students. According to the report, "this can reflect from the side that English education is highly valued in the field of preschool education at present". (End)