Remember a popular saying last year?

Human history will be divided into before 2020 and after 2020.

After crossing the "tunnel" in 2020, the world seems to see the light. According to the latest forecast of the United Nations, global economic growth this year is expected to offset last year’s losses.

But there is a premise that the epidemic situation is properly controlled and the vaccine is widely vaccinated.

In 2021, there are opportunities, but opportunities are complicated.

This complexity is intuitive in the Economist’s prediction.

　 　▲ Forecast of GDP growth rate of major global economies in 2021.

The economic growth rate of major economies in the world is in a large fluctuation range.

In 2021, for the world, there is great uncertainty. For China, it is of special significance and far-reaching.

The year 2021 is the connecting point of the goal of "two hundred years", the relay point of two five-year plans and the starting line of the fifteen-year vision.

These particularities are all condensed in a booklet of more than 60,000 words.

On March 13th, the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan was published in full.

If you are 25 years old this year, this outline is related to your 30 years old and 40 years old. What do you think of the opportunities?

Tan found 10 "insiders" to chat and found some clues between the lines.

Looking at the plan, we must first look at the goal.

Economic growth index is the focus of attention, but it is rare that the "14 th Five-Year Plan" does not set economic growth index.

Why is this design? We can see some clues from the beginning of the 14 th Five-Year Plan this year.

There is no clear target value for economic growth in 2021, but only a range — — More than 6%.

This means that we have only drawn a bottom line.

　 　▲2021 "Government Work Report"

How to understand this profound meaning? In the communication with Yang Weimin, he gave Tan a key interpretation of a word — — Employment.

Yang Weimin is a senior "planner". As early as the 11th Five-Year Plan, he worked in the Planning Department of the National Development and Reform Commission.

This institution is the main functional department for the preparation of the five-year plan.

Following Yang Weimin’s tips, we can find that the employment target of 11 million people has been set this year.

From the perspective of GDP accounting method, he analyzed the relationship between employment and economic growth for Tan Zhu:

There are three methods of GDP accounting, namely, production method, income method and expenditure method. From the perspective of income, assuming that these 11 million people are employed, how much their income will increase each year and how much it accounts for GDP can be directly calculated.

Economic growth can lead to an increase in employment, and vice versa. Employment, for everyone, is a real growth.

Draw the bottom line for the economy. Above the bottom line, people are more important.

Through the outline of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, the context of the bottom line thinking is clearly visible.

From the two "firsts" among the 20 indicators, we can also see clues.

For the first time, the "safety and security" index was set up, and the comprehensive production capacity of grain and energy was included in the plan.

Another first is the largest number of binding indicators in the planning — — Green ecology.

Binding means that it must be completed.

How to measure these indicators?

Liu Chunyu, director of the Urban-Rural Integration Development Division of the Planning Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, gave Tan Zhu two figurative metaphors: "from far to near" and "jumping and touching".

He explained:

In some aspects, the target value in 2035 has been determined, so as to reverse the target during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period; Others follow the principles of seeking truth from facts, being scientific and reasonable, doing their best and doing what they can, and set the goal of "jumping and touching".

The word "jump" shows initiative and determination.

Wang Jinnan, dean of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, is also deeply touched by this.

Wang Jinnan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, presided over the completion of the national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" to "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" on environmental protection. An incident last year impressed him deeply.

In his speech at the general debate of the 75th United Nations General Assembly, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader made it clear that China’s carbon dioxide emissions should reach the peak by 2030 and be carbon neutral by 2060.

You know, the time from peak carbon dioxide emissions to carbon neutrality in developed countries is 40 -60 years. China proposed that it only takes 30 years.

This has attracted worldwide attention.

Wang Jinnan told Tan Zhu:

Before that, at the policy level, only the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions was mentioned, and the goal of carbon neutrality was never mentioned. Most of the related research spans only reach 2050, but not beyond 2060.

The words of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader show the "green" determination, shape and new development opportunities. The strategy of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality will be comprehensive, which will force the economic restructuring.

Clean energy is an outlet. According to Goldman Sachs’ prediction, by 2060, the investment scale of clean energy infrastructure in China will reach one trillion, and the net increase of jobs will be 40 million.

Who can take the lead?

The data shows that the area with the highest installed capacity of wind power and solar power in China is in the Three North — — Northwest, northeast and north China, and the growth momentum is not diminished.

Green development may become the driving force for the northern breakthrough.

The layout of China’s northern and southern cities also contains new opportunities.

During the two sessions this year, Cai Jiming, deputy to the National People’s Congress, had a dialogue with the vice mayor of Shenzhen.

Cai Jiming’s first question hit the nail on the head — — How much difference does it make in Shenzhen whether you have a hukou or not?

For many new urban residents, hukou is the last mile to settle down, which involves employment, medical care, social security, children’s education and even retirement.

Cai Jiming, as a member of the expert committee of the 14th Five-Year Plan, is most concerned about how to get through the last mile.

Two indicators are crucial — — Urbanization rate of permanent population and urbanization rate of registered population. The former counts people who have lived in the city for more than 6 months, while the latter counts people with hukou.

In 2013, the urbanization rate of registered population in China was only 35.93%, and by 2019, this figure has become 44.38%. This means that more than 100 million agricultural migrants have settled in cities.

But in 2019, the urbanization rate of permanent residents was 60.6%. This means that there are still about 230 million people in the city, but they have not settled down.

Settle down is the concern of many people, and it is also the goal of many jobs in the past, but Cai Jiming told Tan Zhu that there is no target for the urbanization rate of registered population in the "14th Five-Year Plan".

What does this mean? Shenzhen, maybe you can provide a sample.

Wu Yihuan, vice mayor of Shenzhen, said that for people living in Shenzhen, there is only 20% difference, and 80% of basic public services are the same. This reminds Tan of a familiar slogan — — You are from Shenzhen when you come.

It is more important to say that public services related to hukou are the key than hukou.

If you look closely at the Tenth Five-Year Plan, you will find that in the chapter of urbanization, many expressions have slight changes. In the chapter of "accelerating the urbanization of agricultural transfer population":

"Promoting more people to integrate into cities and towns" has become "accelerating the full integration of agricultural transfer population into cities".

According to Cai Jiming’s analysis, in the future, the hukou itself will not be discussed blindly, but the related services will be realized one by one.

This sentence in the plan is clearly written:

According to the actual situation of population flow, adjust the staffing quota of teachers and doctors and the layout of basic public service facilities in the inflow and outflow areas.

This means letting resources follow people.

Population, where are they all flowing?

In 2020, the ten cities with the largest net population inflow in China are:

Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Foshan, Suzhou, Ningbo and Hangzhou.

What on earth does a city attract people? Master Tan also made a survey:

This is not only a small layout of the city, but also a big layout of the country. Fan Jie knows this layout very well.

Since the establishment of the Expert Committee in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, he has participated in the planning for four times in a row, and he has also participated in the planning of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Pearl River Delta metropolitan areas.

Fan Jie told Tan Master:

The key to coordination is to solve the imbalance of economic development. If GDP per capita is taken as an indicator, we should not only optimize the numerator and improve the economic level of backward areas, but also adjust the denominator, conform to the law, guide the rational flow of population, and make the future population distribution match the spatial distribution of national resources and environment.

What do you think of the spatial layout of China?

Fan Jie shared an article "Seeking Truth" with Tan Zhu: "Promoting the Formation of Regional Economic Layout with Complementary Advantages and High-quality Development".

The article is part of the speech made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the fifth meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Committee. Although it is only a part, it is enough to see the richer connotation of the word "coordination" in the new era:

We should not simply ask all regions to reach the same level in economic development, but take the road of rational division of labor and optimized development according to the conditions of each region.

Give full play to comparative advantages, promote regional cooperation, refine the division of functional areas and maximize the overall interests of the country. This is the dialectics of "coordination".

　 　▲ In 2013, Huainan, Anhui Province, the 1000 kV high-voltage Huainan substation was put into use.

Fan Jie’s participation in the preparation of the 14 th Five-Year Plan still has a great feeling:

The level of people-centered coordination is not limited to the quality level determined by economic income, but also includes the level of social service facilities and the quality level of local ecological environment.

The connotation of high-quality development is here.

With a harmonious "background color", the flow between cities and townships, between cities and between regions contains the code of China’s development and new opportunities for all.

The world is also sharing opportunities in China.

Just before the two sessions, Eurostat released the trade data in 2020, and China surpassed the United States for the first time to become the largest trading partner of the EU.

　 　▲ In 2020, China will become the main trading partner of the European Union, because the EU’s imports (+5.6%) and exports (+2.2%) to China have increased, while its trade imports (-13.2%) and exports (-8.2%) to the United States have dropped sharply.

What’s more worth mentioning is that China is the only one among the top ten goods trading partners of the European Union to achieve two-way trade growth.

This is the only one, and the goods are really worth it.

Since June 2020, China’s foreign trade has achieved positive growth for nine consecutive months. In 2020, the total value of imports, exports and exports reached record highs, making it the only major economy in the world to achieve positive growth in goods trade.

Made in China, serving the whole world.

In this regard, one person’s experience is particularly different. She is Zhang Qiao from the Planning Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, and participated in the writing of the first draft of the 14th Five-Year Plan.

The chapter she wrote is unprecedented in the previous planning, and it is called "forming a strong domestic market and building a new development pattern".

Based on the new development stage, implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern are the basic coordinates for China to face the future.

The opportunities contained in the new development pattern are also rich.

The epidemic situation once interrupted the global industrial chain supply chain, and some countries tried to make the manufacturing industry return, which accelerated the trend of closure. China relied on its strong internal strength — — The world’s complete industrial system has stabilized the world’s supply.

But in fact, before 2020, the proportion of China’s manufacturing industry’s added value to GDP has been showing a downward trend.

In 2019, the proportion was only 27%, reaching the lowest level since 2012.

This trend changed in 2020.

Zhou Hao, an economist at the German Commercial Bank, published an article on China’s economy during the two sessions, entitled "Friends of Trends".

Zhou Hao told Tan Master:

Manufacturing industry has greater certainty, and one of the trends in the post-epidemic era is the return of manufacturing industry.

　 　▲ Zhou Hao’s description of the manufacturing industry in the article "Friends of Trends"

Liu Yuanchun’s judgment is basically the same. As the vice president of China Renmin University, Liu Yuanchun’s understanding is more attractive to young people:

Future employment may present a phenomenon of "middle hole". On the one hand, it is innovative and high-tech personnel, on the other hand, it is experiential service personnel. There will be more people at both ends, and there may be fewer traditional technicians in the middle. Because the manufacturing industry is developing towards high-end, intelligent and digital.

Looking at the five-year plan, the change of the trend has already been hidden.

In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the expression of the real economy is "consolidating the foundation of the real economy".

In the Tenth Five-Year Plan, it became "insisting on focusing on the real economy".

The most striking thing is that there is another data.

This year, the central government’s basic research expenditure will increase by 10.6%.

Huang Qunhui, director of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Tan Zhu:

At present, the proportion of China’s total social R&D investment in GDP is roughly equal to that of the EU. However, the proportion of basic research in R&D investment is too low, just over 6%, and the proportion of major innovative countries in the world is mostly above 15%.

This also has a special new section in the 14 th Five-Year Plan — — Persevere in strengthening basic research, and there is a special new article — — Accelerate the development of digitalization and build a digital China.

In the future, the manufacturing industry will be stronger and contain more gold. But the gold content takes a long time to work.

Tan Zhu remembered the words of Zhou Yumei, a researcher at the Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, on the channel of members of the two sessions this year:

Integrated Circuit is the Long March for Practitioners … … It is hoped that more outstanding talents will devote themselves to the integrated circuit industry, and more outstanding students will apply for the integrated circuit major.

Five years is the time coordinate.

We can’t predict how many surprises there will be in five years, but the intersection of national planning and personal goals remains the same, that is, to live in peace and contentment.

Layout is a spatial coordinate.

The goal is never just to complete a task at a certain time. The national planning spectrum is a blueprint for everyone to move freely. You can find a new way in the countryside and shine in the city.

People are the purpose of development.

The most important indicator in the 14th Five-Year Plan is people’s livelihood security, and everyone is creating value as well as value itself.

In the face of the opportunity of the times, China has chosen to cultivate internal strength and take advantage of the situation. You, are you ready?

　　On March 28th, the case that three minors killed a 48-year-old female shopkeeper in Wulong Township in Baoxing, Ya ‘an, Sichuan attracted attention.

　　According to the notification of Baoxing police on March 29th, at 9 o’clock on March 28th, Baoxing County Public Security Bureau received a report that a female body was found in a pavement opposite Wulong Township Primary School in Baoxing County. It was confirmed at the scene that the victim (Hu Moumou, 48 years old, from Baoxing County) had died and was killed by him. The suspects are Zhan Moumou (male, 14 years old, from Mingshan District, Ya ‘an City), Huang Moumou (male, 15 years old, from Baoxing County) and Zhang Moumou (female, 16 years old, from Baoxing County). The three confessed to the facts of the crime. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the Baoxing County Public Security Bureau that at present, the case has been transferred to the procuratorate and entered the stage of review and prosecution.

　　All three suspects dropped out of school.

　　Among the three suspects, Xiao Zhang and Xiao Huang are lovers, Xiao Huang and Xiao Zhan are single-parent families, and all three have dropped out of school.

　　Tian Laobo (a pseudonym), a villager, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that at 11: 20 pm on March 27, he had also spoken to the murdered female shopkeeper. "I asked her why she still didn’t leave. She pointed to two men, one woman and three children who were eating in the store and said, ‘ They are still eating ’ " . However, just one hour after Tian Laobo and Hu Moumou finished talking, Zhao Bin (a pseudonym), a local villager who pulled the midnight oil, received a phone call from the suspect Xiao Zhang and others, saying that he wanted to charter a car to the famous mountain in Ya ‘an.

　　Zhao Bin’s home is less than 300 meters away from the incident. After receiving a call from a chartered car, he took three and a half children to a famous mountain 90 kilometers away. On the fourth day after the incident, Zhao Bin and his family didn’t want to talk about it again. Zhao Bin, who was originally sitting in his parents’ room and chatting, turned back to his room and never came out. Zhao Bin’s wife, who is cooking in the kitchen, said, "Let bygones be bygones. No one expected those three children to do such a thing.". Zhao Bin’s wife said that after this incident, Zhao Bin never ran a car again.

　　Xiao Zhang’s parents were saddened by her daughter’s behavior. Yesterday afternoon, Mr. Zhang wrote an apology letter to the victim’s family: "I am very sad at such a big thing. It is unforgivable for a child to do such a thing, and it is our responsibility not to discipline the child well. We will try our best to make the deceased buried in peace. If our parents are responsible, we will do our best to make up for the families of the victims. " Last night, the reporter of Beiqing Daily was entrusted by Mr. Zhang to hand over the letter of apology to the victim’s husband Che Gang (a pseudonym).

　　The victim is the backbone of the family.

　　A winding mountain road connects his wife Hu’s shop and her husband Che Gang’s ancestral home. Every weekend in the past, my wife would set foot on this mountain road, which took half an hour to drive, and return to her ancestral home to help her husband who was in poor health with farm work. But just before the last weekend in March this year, Hu was killed.

　　On March 30, the ancestral home on the mountain had set up a flowing water mat to entertain relatives and friends who came to mourn, but there was no photo of the deceased. Because of the sudden incident, this family can’t even find a photo of Hu Moumou. As the hostess of the family, she is the pillar of the family, and the only photo left is the wedding photo, which has always been with her, and now it has become a case-related item, not in the hands of her family.

　　After the incident, Che Gang couldn’t figure out why his honest wife was killed. Che Gang said that the death of his wife made the whole family collapse, and the food and clothing at home were all handled by his wife. "My wife bought all my clothes. Our family depends on her. Now that she is gone, what should I do with the children! "

　　Three "post-00" minors

　　Yesterday afternoon, when the reporter of Beiqing Daily came to Xiao Zhang’s home, his parents were immersed in grief. For what the daughter did, Mr. Zhang and his wife said that they would try their best to make up for the victim’s family.

　　In the eyes of Mr. and Mrs. Zhang, their daughters were obedient before falling in love, but they changed after having a boyfriend.

　　Wang Lin (a pseudonym), a classmate of the suspects Xiao Huang and Xiao Zhang, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily, "We are in the same class, and the relationship is OK, but since he (Xiao Huang) didn’t study, he didn’t contact often. He came back several times, and his personality changed a lot. He used to be very cheerful at school and didn’t smoke. At that time, he had no money, and the fare to Ya ‘an was still helped by his classmates. "

　　As for another 14-year-old suspect, Xiao Zhan, Wang Lin said that when Xiao Huang and Xiao Zhang took Xiao Zhan back to Lingguan Town some time ago, she also met Xiao Zhan. "I heard that his parents divorced and didn’t study."

　　Zhang Xiaorong (a pseudonym), a friend of Xiaozhan, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that "he seems to have relatives in Lingguan Town, and his temper is a bit bad".

　　Text/reporter Wang Tianqi Dai Youqing

At the spring product launch event held on March 29th, 2024, Aouita Company announced the official release of its 2024 model. The car series released this time includes four different configuration versions, including a new configuration level, and the official guide price of this version is 265,800 yuan. The price of the other three models after equity adjustment is between 278,800 yuan and 378,800 yuan.

In terms of appearance, compared with the previous generation, the new vehicle continues to maintain the design style of "Future Aesthetics". Under this design concept, the vehicle has a highly recognizable double-layer LED daytime running light, and a closed front design. The two sides of the front are surrounded by far and near light groups, and the middle part is a carefully designed heat dissipation opening structure. In addition, the new vehicle introduces a brand-new color of Huijin car paint.

In addition to the new 700 three-laser rear-drive smart edition, other models will get a preferential car purchase policy, that is, customers can pay a deposit of 5,000 yuan to offset the payment of up to 27,000 yuan.

In the side design, this new model adopts a smooth sliding back coupe body structure. Its remarkable features include a straight waistline running through the car body and the integration of hidden door handles, and the optional option of electronic exterior rearview mirrors is provided, which enhances the futuristic and dynamic beauty of the vehicle. Specific to the size parameters, the car is 5020 mm long, 1999 mm wide and 1460-1450 mm high, and has a wheelbase of 3020 mm.

In the tail design, the new car is equipped with no rear window glass by virtue of its sliding back structure. It is equipped with an electrically liftable rear spoiler and a slender taillight combination, as well as a layered rear enclosure with different colors and a tail diffuser.

As for the internal configuration, the new car maintains the design standard of 35.4-inch 4K panoramic widescreen and is equipped with a 15.6-inch central control touch screen. For the model equipped with electronic exterior rearview mirror, streaming media display screens will be provided on both sides of the 4K panoramic widescreen. In terms of configuration, this new car provides a number of high-end facilities, including front seats, 27 independent speakers, 64-color ring-mounted intelligent atmosphere lights, personalized fragrance system, self-adaptive lifting center console wireless charging station and cup holder, etc., to enhance the driving experience.

In terms of intelligent system, this new car will be equipped with the latest in-vehicle infotainment system AVATR.OS 3.2.0. The system has been optimized and upgraded, and several functions have been added, including the ability of intelligent pilot assistance (NCA) to adapt to road speed limit, and the NCA function of actively slowing down when approaching the toll station. In addition, the newly added NCA Mute function makes it easy for drivers to switch between NCA and lane center assist (LCC) modes. The vehicle also introduces the lateral active safety function LOCP to further enhance driving safety.

In terms of configuration, the new car maintains three as standard in the whole system, providing a 300-degree horizontal perspective to ensure all-round perception of the surrounding environment. At the same time, the high-order intelligent driving solution 2.0 is adopted, which supports the high-order intelligent driving function independent of high-precision maps, and ensures that vehicles can realize automatic driving under various road conditions nationwide.

As for the power system, the new car offers single-motor rear drive and two versions. In particular, in the dual-motor version, the vehicle adopts Huawei DriveONE dual-motor system, and the maximum output power of the front and rear motors reaches 195 kW and 230 kW respectively. For users who choose the single motor version, the maximum output power of the vehicle is 230 kW, which provides abundant power performance.

In terms of battery technology, the new vehicle uses the provided battery. Under CLTC standard test conditions, this battery can provide two options: 700 km and 650 km.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Hiroshima, Japan, May 14th. Communication: "Don’t be an accomplice in war" — — Japanese people strongly protest that the G-7 summit will be held in Hiroshima.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Dan Yang Guang

　　"Don’t be an accomplice in war" and "Don’t want G7" & hellip; … On the 14th, more than 200 Japanese people held various slogans and held a rally at the atomic bombing site of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, strongly protesting that the Group of Seven (G7) summit will be held in Hiroshima.

　　On May 14th, in front of the atomic bombing site in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, Japan, the Japanese people held slogans such as "No War, No Nuclear Weapons, No G7" and strongly protested that the Group of Seven (G7) Summit would be held in Hiroshima. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Guangshe

　　At the rally, Ichiro Tang, a representative of the Japanese citizen group "Peace Warehouse", said in his speech: "While Japan said that it would send a peaceful message of abolishing nuclear weapons to the world through this summit, it also sought to achieve it by relying on nuclear weapons ‘ National security’, which is self-contradictory! "

　　Akiyama, who attended the rally, told reporters that Japan’s use of Hiroshima, which was bombed by atomic bombs, to hold the G7 summit completely violated the good wishes of Hiroshima people to pray for peace.

　　On May 14th, on the streets of Hiroshima, Japan, Japanese people held slogans such as "No War, No Nuclear Weapons, No G7" and strongly protested that the Group of Seven (G7) Summit would be held in Hiroshima. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Guangshe

　　Hiroshima citizen Nishioka Yukio’s family experienced atomic bombing. It is precisely because he has been exposed to the pain of war since he was a child that he has a profound and sober understanding of Japan’s aggressive war and its responsibility. Yukio Nishioka appealed at the rally: "Don’t use Hiroshima, which was bombed by atomic bombs, by political means, and the world should return to the track of peace. It is the peaceful wish of all Hiroshima people to admit that Japan has done war harm to other countries and apologize and compensate, learn from the lessons of war and prevent the recurrence of tragedies. "

　　Just a few tens of meters away from the meeting place, a small group of right-wing activists kept preaching with horns that "Japan should have nuclear weapons."

　　In this regard, Hiroshima citizen Miyahara Liang sneered. He told reporters: "These people have completely ignored history. Hiroshima was bombed by an atomic bomb because Hiroshima was once ‘ Jundu ’ . If Japan does not stop expanding its military and preparing for war, or even seek to possess nuclear weapons, it will only let Japan fall into a vicious circle of war. "

　　On May 14th, in front of the atomic bombing site in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, Japan, the Japanese people held various slogans and strongly protested that the Group of Seven (G7) summit would be held in Hiroshima. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Guangshe

　　Miyahara Ryo also said that the G7 Hiroshima Summit will be a meeting to further escalate the Ukrainian crisis. NATO has provided military support to Ukraine, and Japan also intends to provide financial or military support to Ukraine. "This can’t end the war, and it is impossible to achieve peace. It can only make the world fall into a more tragic situation."

　　"Don’t be an accomplice in war" and "Don’t want G7" & hellip; … After the speech, the protesters marched in the streets with slogans, and their high slogans completely covered the horns of right-wingers.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 2nd(international observation) change breeds change in change.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Lina

　　The world is facing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years.

　　Global chaos is intertwined, the wind is high and the waves are urgent, and the waves are complicated … … "Will the world be all right?" Doubts constantly challenge global thinkers. From individuals, to institutions, to countries, to the interaction between countries, from material reality to ideas, people feel that all kinds of changes are accelerating in various fields.

　　International order: exploring in the risk of separatist upheaval

　　Governance dilemma, security dilemma, identity politics, big country game, military conflict, epidemic disaster, climate change … … All kinds of challenges are superimposed and projected on political relations, the situation is intensified, the risk of division facing the world is rising, and the international order is exploring a new balance in the process of change.

　　In some western countries, public governance is difficult to keep up with the changes of the times, and "American democracy" is facing institutional decline. In November 2018, the "yellow vest" incident exposed the French governance problem. On May 25, 2020, George Freud, an African-American man, was killed by white police, and then the "black life is life" movement broke out in the United States. On January 6, 2021, an unprecedented riot occurred on Capitol Hill, further aggravating the decline of "American democracy".

　　In regional relations, problems of multilateral mechanisms are repeated. On January 31, 2020, Britain officially "left the European Union", ending its 47-year membership in the European Union. The "Brexit" process, which lasted for several years, showed the serious tearing of British society, and became another evidence that western democracy was caught in the institutional dilemma and governance crisis, which had a far-reaching impact on the world political and economic structure.

　　Challenges within countries are also projected into the field of international relations. In order to maintain hegemony, the United States has stepped up the game of big powers, which has brought great instability to the world. Five years ago, the Trump administration declared that "the United States has priority" and constantly "retired" to undermine the international order. In 2019, the United States unilaterally announced its withdrawal from Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, and the international arms control system was challenged. On September 27th, 2020, a military conflict broke out between Armenia and Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), which made the geopolitical balance in the Caucasus and surrounding areas more fragile. On August 30, 2021, the US military hastily withdrew from Afghanistan, and the 20-year war in Afghanistan ended in American failure. With the emergence of various security crises and military conflicts, the return of geopolitical logic can be observed.

　　On August 31, 2021, Afghan Taliban personnel entered Kabul airport. The day before, the US Central Command announced that the US military has completed the task of withdrawing from Afghanistan, and the US military operations in Afghanistan for nearly 20 years have officially ended. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Sevrahman Safi)

　　On February 24, 2022, Russia, which was constantly squeezed by NATO, launched a special military action against Ukraine, and Europe, America and Russia fell into a severe geopolitical conflict. The escalation of the Ukrainian crisis has completely changed the relationship between Russia and the West and triggered a major adjustment in the international security pattern.

　　The United States demarcated by ideology, built a "small courtyard and high wall", provoked "strategic competition" with China, and declared that it would "decouple" and "break the chain" with China.

　　The global governance deficit is increasing, and the risk of division and confrontation in the world is getting higher and higher, which makes UN Secretary-General Guterres deeply worried. How to "maintain peace and development in a divided world" has become the theme of many think tanks around the world in 2022.

　　Joschka Fischer, a former German deputy chancellor and foreign minister, recently wrote on the website of the world newspaper syndicate that "we are witnessing an unprecedented convergence of major and minor crises" and that "many of these crises are not only signs of decline, but also signs that a new world order is being born".

　　World economy: finding a way in the downturn and inflation

　　Since 2013, former US Treasury Secretary Summers has repeatedly stressed that the global economy has entered a "long-term stagnation". Since 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic has made the world economy more difficult. Low growth, high debt, great recession, high inflation, trade war, energy war and financial war … … The global economy is beset with difficulties.

　　According to United Nations data, the global economy will shrink by 4.3% in 2020 due to the epidemic. After a moderate recovery in 2021, by the end of 2022, the world economy is facing more severe challenges, the era of great inflation is coming, and some countries are once again in a serious recession.

　　In order to get rid of economic difficulties, some countries, such as the United States, waved protectionist sticks and provoked trade wars against major trading partners.

　　In recent years, international oil prices have fluctuated violently. Analysts believe that behind it is the fierce game of energy powers. In 2022, the Ukrainian crisis escalated and the global energy pattern was adjusted again. At the same time, in order to crack down on Russia, the United States and the West used finance as a weapon to remove the Russian ruble from the SWIFT system. The overbearing hegemony of dollar hegemony is once again exposed.

　　The epidemic has disrupted the global supply chain, and some countries have begun to step up the adjustment of the global industrial chain and supply chain layout on the grounds of "economic security". After the end of the cold war, the process of economic globalization, which achieved great development, met with obstacles, and the trend of anti-globalization strengthened.

　　The accumulated policy risks in the early stage eventually led to an inflation crisis. The report released by the International Monetary Fund in October 2022 predicted that the global inflation rate would soar from 4.7% in 2021 to 8.8% in 2022.

　　Global poverty has worsened. According to the United Nations Report on Sustainable Development Goals in 2022, in 2020, the number of people living in extreme poverty in the world will increase by 93 million. Under the influence of inflation and geopolitical conflicts, the global poverty and hunger problem will be more severe in the future.

　　As the largest economy in the world, the epidemic situation and inflation response policies of the United States have caused a huge spillover impact on the world. After the outbreak, the United States "released water" on a large scale in monetary policy, and at the same time vigorously stimulated fiscal policy, laying the groundwork for soaring inflation. In 2022, in order to curb inflation, the Federal Reserve began to raise interest rates, which led to the global dollar returning to the United States, the currencies of various countries depreciated seriously against the dollar, and many vulnerable countries faced debt crisis.

　　On December 14th, 2022, the Federal Reserve announced that it would raise the target range of the federal funds rate by 50 basis points to 4.25% to 4.50%. Since 2022, the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates by 425 basis points. The picture shows Federal Reserve Chairman Powell attending a press conference in Washington on the same day. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Jie photo

　　In recent years, the world economy has faced many challenges, but many progress and highlights can not be ignored.

　　On July 7, 2019, the special summit of the African Union announced the official launch of the construction of a free trade zone on the African continent, and a unified big market that will eventually cover 1.2 billion people is ready to emerge. This is an important milestone in the process of African integration and has far-reaching significance for Africa’s economic and social development.

　　On November 15th, 2020, 10 ASEAN countries and China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand formally signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), and established a free trade zone with the largest population, the largest membership structure and the greatest development potential in the world.

　　Over the past few years, China has maintained its position as the largest contributor to world economic growth and played a key role as an engine of growth. In 2020, China is the only major economy to achieve positive growth in the context of the deep recession of the world economy as a whole due to the epidemic.

　　From a long-term perspective, it is an important stage of deep adjustment of the world economic structure. According to Singaporean scholar Ma Kaishuo, the era when the West dominated the world is coming to an end. As Asian countries return to their historical position in the global economy, a different era has begun.

　　Scientific and technological development: brewing a breakthrough in constant accumulation

　　At present, great changes are brewing in human science and technology, and a new round of industrial revolution is ready to go. However, it is still unknown when, where and how scientific and technological innovation will lead human society to a new round of prosperity.

　　In recent years, global new scientific and technological achievements have emerged continuously. With the rapid development of virtual reality and mobile Internet, big data, cloud computing, blockchain and artificial intelligence are roaring.

　　While international public opinion is conceiving a beautiful new life in the "meta-universe", the rapidly developing virtual world may also facilitate phishing, identity theft and even espionage. How to establish the core security principles of cyberspace so that people can work, shop and play safely is still a new problem to be solved.

　　Artificial intelligence is another double-edged sword of science and technology. According to Liu He, a researcher at the Institute of Comparative Literature and Society of Columbia University, artificial intelligence not only brings unprecedented changes to people’s lives, but also poses multiple severe challenges to the existing knowledge order and spiritual life of human beings.

　　The world continues the upsurge of space exploration. In April 2019, with international cooperation, humans "saw" black holes for the first time. China, the United States, the United Arab Emirates and other countries have made breakthroughs in space exploration.

　　In the field of new energy, photovoltaic technology is in the ascendant, and mankind has stepped into the entrance of the new energy revolution. Some studies believe that once human beings realize the universal utilization of light energy, it will reshape the global economic order and even form a new form of commercial civilization.

　　At the same time, more and more natural disasters make people feel that the task of dealing with global climate change is more urgent. In November 2022, the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27) was held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. "We are driving on the road to ‘ Climate hell ’ On the highway, but also step on the accelerator. " UN Secretary-General Guterres warned the world that "mankind has a choice: cooperate or perish. It is either a climate solidarity convention or a collective suicide convention. " From the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015 to the deadline for the implementation of the Agreement in 2030, the time has passed halfway, and the road ahead is still difficult.

　　On November 20th, 2022, the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27) closed in the coastal city of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. The picture shows the closing ceremony. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Xiankai photo

　　Scientific and technological progress constantly redefines the framework of human society. Machines can save manpower and make people unemployed. Advanced algorithms can bring convenient services and put people’s personal information security at risk. How to do a good job of guidance and supervision, so that science and technology will always be a force for good, and test the governance wisdom of the governors.

　　Social culture: finding the anchor of centering in the anxiety chaos

　　Since 2020, COVID-19 epidemic, geo-conflicts, food and energy shortages and extreme weather events have brought disastrous effects to billions of people all over the world.

　　The United Nations Development Programme released the Human Development Report in September 2022 — — Uncertain Times, Unstable Life: Shaping Our Future in a Changing World points out that all kinds of uncertainties are accumulating and interacting at different levels, shaking the foundation of life in an unprecedented way. A wide range of challenges are causing great uncertainty. In 2020 and 2021, the global human development index declined for the first time for two consecutive years. More than 90% of countries and regions declined in 2020 or 2021, and more than 40% of them declined for two consecutive years. This shows that the impact of the current global crisis on many countries is still deepening.

　　In this context, populism, ultra-nationalism, xenophobia and racism … … All kinds of discrimination and prejudice are getting worse in some countries.

　　In America, people saw the "culture war". The tribalized and fragmented society makes Francis Fukuyama, an American political scholar, feel helpless, and the decision-makers seem powerless to reverse the severely torn society, rebuild warm communities and make organic social and cultural life the cornerstone of the country.

　　On November 15th, 2022, the global population reached 8 billion. What does this figure mean to human society? The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) believes that without a more radical change, the world may face further aggravation of poverty and injustice.

　　With the development of globalization for many years, almost everyone’s life in modern society has gone beyond the locality and is intertwined with the distant world. The "local culture" marked by geographical boundaries has lost its clear outline. Some people embrace "openness", while others sigh "chaos".

　　Today’s modern people spend a lot of time immersed in virtual worlds. The COVID-19 epidemic has further prompted people to relieve their emotions in cyberspace. Cyber violence and rage are worrying, and the interaction between the network and reality has made public governance more difficult.

　　This is a big era that is undergoing radical changes. In the past, change may be just a part of life. Now, change has become life itself. People look for certainty in anxiety and chaos and look forward to the power of stability.

　　中国应变：胸怀伟大目标稳健前行

　　“极不寻常、极不平凡。”在2022年12月举行的党外人士座谈会上，中共中央总书记最高领袖用这八个字形容过去的五年。

　　当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，全球和平发展面临的不确定不稳定因素增多。中国放眼长远、胸怀天下、坚定信心，用人类命运共同体理念点亮灯火，照亮人类前行之路。作为负责任的大国，五年来，中国在努力做好自身建设的同时，开展奋发有为的积极外交，与时俱进地提出新理念、展开新行动，在世界上的影响力日增。

　　互利合作方面，“一带一路”倡议与全球发展倡议并举。对标落实好联合国2030年可持续发展议程，中国在世界范围内推动高质量发展合作。2018年，首届中国国际进口博览会开启。“连续五年如期举办进博会，让中国大市场成为世界大机遇，释放了中国全面扩大开放、加强国际合作的积极信号，展现了同世界分享市场机遇、推动世界经济复苏的中国担当。”中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所和虹桥国际经济论坛研究中心共同撰写的《世界开放报告2022》如是评价。

　　On November 6, 2022, the audience visited "Ten Years in China — — Exhibition of achievements in opening to the outside world. " Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Jiansong photo

　　Robert kuhn, chairman of the American Kuhn Foundation, believes that human development needs to be guaranteed by two major principles, one is stability, and the other is growth. Without stability and growth, nothing else can be said. The global development initiative and global security initiative put forward by China focus on safeguarding these two basic norms.

　　In terms of stable growth, as the second largest economy in the world, compared with other major countries in the world, China has provided the world with stable policy expectations. Today, China is not only the biggest contributor to the world economic growth, but also shows its role as a big country in more and more fields of international cooperation, providing the world with more global public goods and making every effort for global development. China has fully implemented the G-20 debt relief initiative, and the total amount of debt relief is the largest among G-20 members, which has provided support for relevant developing countries to tide over the difficulties.

　　In terms of common security, on April 21, 2022, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward the global security initiative for the first time at the opening ceremony of the annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia. This initiative aims to make up for the deficit in world peace and security and achieve lasting peace and universal security.

　　In terms of pioneering and innovation, China in the new era is constantly promoting scientific and technological innovation, concept innovation and system innovation, and exploring new paths of global development. More and more developing countries are looking forward to seeking development experience from China.

　　The first China-Arab Summit held in December, 2022 once again showed the world that "treating each other as equals" and "mutual benefit" are China’s way to get along with the world.

　　… …

　　Under the background of "stormy international environment and arduous domestic reform, development and stability tasks", the stability of China and the rule of China are hard-won. China is using new ideas and practical actions to prove that this super-large-scale country is a force to promote world peace and progress and a trustworthy and cooperative partner.

　　Pursuing great dreams is destined to go through thick and thin.

　　In this wide-ranging and changing world, in this confused and hopeful era, we still believe that the world will eventually move towards the light.

Spring is the season when everything recovers, and it is also the spring day when heavy winter clothes fade away. Young people want to live their own spring and summer style, so how can they get a car as a wingman? The premium price of 53,900 yuan is sincere, and the appearance and configuration are also modest. If you are interested in this SUV built for "Houlang", you may wish to take a look at the purchase guide of this car.

Kaiyi has a total of 7 models, with the price range of 53,900-79,900 yuan. The appearance of the new car is fashionable and young, and the interior style is simple and generous. Two 10.25-inch screens in the car bring excellent visual impact. In addition, the new car also has a good performance in configuration, which is very suitable for young consumers to buy.

The appearance, space and control of dazzle world are remarkable.

As a fashionable SUV specially designed for young people, the cool shape is definitely self-evident. Kaiyi not only provides consumers with two front grille styles of "wingspan" and "full of stars", but also has up to nine color schemes to choose from, including five solid color bodies, namely, floating clouds white, proud red, willful blue, slash gray and wind blue, and four two-color bodies, namely, hard core black+floating clouds white, hard core black+proud red, hard core black+willful blue, hard core black+wind blue, which are enough to satisfy young people.

Kaiyi’s body size is 4400/1831/1683mm, and it has a wheelbase of 2632 mm. The interior space of the car is very considerable, and it will not be crowded when there are three people in the back row. The reasonable and exquisite interior will also leave some spare space on the heads of the front and rear passengers, even if the passengers are taller, they don’t have to worry about close contact with the ceiling of the car. The trunk can easily meet the daily household use in the normal state, and the rear seats support 4/6 ratio, which can expand the carrying space and meet the space requirements for loading oversized luggage.

In terms of power, Kaiyi is equipped with 1.5L, its maximum power is 85kW(116PS), and its peak torque is 143 N m.. Matching 5-speed manual or CVT continuously variable gearbox according to different models, CVT models are also equipped with two driving modes, normal mode can bring smoother power output and lower fuel consumption, while sports mode can increase the speed faster, which can bring more surging driving experience.

There are three types of automatic transmission models, which are also divided into low, medium and high. The configuration of low-music type is almost the same as that of manual transmission type, with only one more function. Compared with the music type, the fun type has more functions such as fixed-speed cruise, keyless start/entry, driving mode switching, etc., and the price is also controlled in the early 70 thousand yuan. Finally, let’s take a look at Yao, the model with the highest price. Its configuration level is almost the same as that of the manual transmission, and it adds functions such as remote starting and automatic parking. Combined with its superior price of less than 80,000 yuan, its super high price-performance ratio is attractive. If you want to buy an automatic transmission model, you can bring you an excellent car experience without thinking about Yao.

　　CCTV News:"Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security" WeChat official news, recently, the Ministry of Public Security launched a number of measures to ensure high-quality development of public security organs’ services. New measures to optimize motor vehicle registration service and further promote automobile consumption are one of the important contents. The Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security deployed local public security traffic control departments to further refine measures, optimize processes, simplify and optimize vehicle registration procedures, better facilitate mass enterprises to handle affairs, promote the circulation of automobile consumption, and better serve and ensure high-quality development.

　　First, simplify the registration procedures of new cars, and facilitate one-stop registration of new cars.On the basis of the previous pilot, we will further expand the pilot of pre-inspection of domestic passenger car registered production enterprises, and implement the pre-inspection of new cars in 33 production enterprises in 36 cities, so that the people are exempted from submitting their cars, reducing the waiting time for people to do things in line, adapting to new car sales modes such as online car sales on the Internet, and better promoting automobile consumption. Actively support the establishment of motor vehicle registration service stations in banks, auto financing companies and other financial institutions, so as to facilitate the people to handle loan and mortgage registration procedures at one stop.

　　Second, facilitate the registration of second-hand car transfer and promote the circulation of second-hand car transactions.In conjunction with the commerce, taxation and other departments, we will implement the convenience measures such as canceling the restrictions on the movement of used cars and the registration of second-hand passenger cars. The implementation of motorcycle registration in the province, the province (district) for motorcycle registration, transfer registration, residence move in, the applicant can rely on the resident ID card "one card through office", no need to submit proof of temporary residence, to facilitate people to buy cars in different places. If local laws and regulations implement a separate management policy for the purchase of motorcycles, local regulations shall prevail.

　　Three, the implementation of second-hand car export registration in different places, to promote the development of second-hand car export.For second-hand car export enterprises to purchase vehicles in different places, they are allowed to apply for cancellation of registration at the place where the enterprise is located, and continue to promote cross-provincial traffic control services. For second-hand car export enterprises that have the conditions to issue invoices for second-hand car transactions, actively support the establishment of motor vehicle registration service stations, facilitate enterprises to register in one stop, reduce costs and burdens, and create a good environment for second-hand car exports.

　　"The situation in the affected area is chaotic, people are running in the streets, buildings collapse and ships are washed ashore." Dwikorita Karnawati, head of the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau, described the scene after the September 28 earthquake and tsunami.

　　On September 28th, an earthquake of magnitude 7.7 occurred in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, which subsequently triggered a tsunami.

　　According to the statistics of Indonesian Disaster Reduction Agency on the 29th, the earthquake and tsunami have caused 384 deaths and hundreds of injuries. With the advance of rescue work, the death toll of tsunami caused by earthquake in Indonesia is rising further. The Indonesian Disaster Reduction Agency also said that many "bodies" were found on the beaches in Indonesia.

　　The above-mentioned institutions also said that due to the paralysis of local communications, they have not received a more comprehensive report of casualties for the time being. Nugroho, spokesman of Indonesian Disaster Relief Agency, said the impact of the disaster was "extensive", with thousands of houses washed away and some people missing.

　　"This is the strongest earthquake I have ever encountered, and we all ran out of the building." Yanti, a 40-year-old housewife from East Gala, said.

　　Mohammed Fikree, another resident from East Gala, said that he fled from his home after the earthquake, but he did not encounter large-scale panic.

　　"Everything in my house is shaking and cracks appear on the wall." Fikree said, "This is not the first time (earthquake). The last earthquake caused us a stronger sense of shock, so this time we didn’t panic very much. We fled the building and now everything is back to normal."

　　According to Singapore’s Lianhe Zaobao, the first earthquake occurred at about 2 pm local time yesterday (1 pm Beijing time), with a magnitude of 6.1, and another earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 occurred about 4 hours later. The epicentres of the two earthquakes were located 78 kilometers north of Palu, the capital of Central Sulawesi Province. The second earthquake triggered a tsunami.

　　After the tsunami, Indonesia’s local TV station broadcast a video taken with a mobile phone on the 29th. In the video, when the distant waves suddenly hit the coast of Palu, people screamed and ran away in panic. The photographer of this video is located in a tall building not far from the coast. The coastal town of Palu has a population of 350,000.

　　Where the lens swept, the small restaurant set up along the beach was washed away by the waves, and the city streets were full of building debris wrapped in seawater, and the telephone poles were skewed. In the picture, a mosque has partially collapsed, but it is not clear whether it is due to the impact of the earthquake or tsunami.

　　The city of Palu, Sulawesi province was devastated by the earthquake and tsunami. According to the BBC, this video was shot about 80 kilometers from the epicenter of the earthquake.

　　According to previous media reports, the 3-meter-high tsunami triggered by the earthquake in Central Sulawesi province hit two cities, Palu and Donggala, and many residential areas were invaded by seawater.

　　Photos spread in the media and social networking sites showed that some victims’ bodies were wrapped in blue body bags, parked on the roadside where building debris remained, and survivors walked by. Some affected hospitals transferred the wounded at the first time.

　　The body of the victims temporarily parked on the roadside, Palu City, was built according to makassar strait, and the narrowness of the strait increased the destructive power of the tsunami impact. On the streets of the city, fragments of buildings are scattered everywhere. In the nearby city of Donggara, a sea-crossing bridge with a yellow arch was washed away by huge waves.

　　Initially, the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau declared that earthquakes would not cause tsunamis. Subsequently, Dwikorita Karnawati, the head of the agency, confirmed to Reuters that the tsunami hit the city of Palu in makassar strait, which connects Celebes and the Java Sea.

　　The disaster situation in nine villages is still unknown.

　　To make matters worse, the lack of electricity and communication has made the search and rescue work more difficult.

　　After a staff member of the Central Sulawesi Museum in Palu confirmed the impact of the tsunami on the museum to Jakarta Post, the media reported that the communication connection of the mobile phone "collapsed".

　　Mirza ali Sam, a resident from Kendari, the capital of southeast Sulawesi province, told the media that his uncle’s family of five was on vacation in Palu, and he had been unable to get in touch with them since the tsunami hit.

　　Nugroho, spokesman of Indonesian Disaster Relief Agency, said that the Indonesian military is deploying troops to Palu and Donggara, and the police have mobilized to help with emergency response. Search and rescue personnel and disaster relief agency personnel are working at the same time.

　　At present, the evacuation work is in progress, and people are warned to be vigilant and stay outside.

　　"People are encouraged to gather in safe places, away from hillsides." Nugroho said. "It is best not to enter houses or buildings, because there is a great possibility of aftershocks." After the magnitude 7.7 earthquake on the evening of 28th, there have been many aftershocks, including a magnitude 6.7 aftershock.

　　"Many houses collapsed," Akris, a staff member of the Indonesian Disaster Relief Agency, told the Associated Press that the disaster situation in nine villages is still unknown.

　　The main airport in Palu was also closed after the tsunami and is expected to be closed for at least 24 hours. Nugroho said that helicopters can still land at the airport if necessary, but AirNav, which is used to monitor the flight system, shows that the runway of the airport has cracked and the control tower has been damaged.

　　Over the past month or so, there have been many earthquakes in Indonesia, including an earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Richter scale in northern Sulawesi province of Indonesia on September 8, an earthquake measuring 5.5 on Sombawa island of Indonesia on August 26, and several earthquakes in Lombok, Indonesia during August. This series of earthquakes has caused 515 deaths and 7,145 injuries.

　　On the evening of 28th, Indonesian Prime Minister Joko said that he had instructed the Minister of Security to coordinate various government departments to deal with the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Central Sulawesi province.

　　Stephane Dujarric, a UN spokesman, said that UN officials are in contact with Indonesian authorities and are "ready to provide support as needed".

　　Indonesia is located in the Pacific volcanic belt, where the continental plates meet, resulting in frequent earthquakes and volcanic activities. The worst is the December 2004 earthquake, when a super strong earthquake of magnitude 9 or above occurred on the Indian Ocean seabed west of Sumatra, which triggered a tsunami and killed 226,000 people in 13 countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia. In Indonesia, 168,000 people were killed.

Text | Li Qing, Tianjin TEDA Hospital

Hypertension is one of the most dangerous factors of cardiovascular disease, and accurate measurement of blood pressure is very important for correct diagnosis of hypertension and monitoring the effect of antihypertensive treatment.

At present, the diagnosis of hypertension is still based on the blood pressure measured by doctors in the clinic. The diagnostic standard of hypertension in the United States is ≥130/80 mmHg, and other countries still use the previous ≥140/90 mmHg.

However, there are also some disadvantages in measuring blood pressure in the clinic, such as doctor’s operation error, inconsistent measurement methods, patients’ nervousness when measuring blood pressure, and the inability to obtain blood pressure values outside the consultation time, which leads to the phenomenon of true and false hypertension: some hypertension may not be found, while some normal people may be mistaken for hypertension.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a noninvasive and automatic blood pressure measurement technology, which can record blood pressure continuously for 24 hours. ABPM has a history of 40 years. In the past 20 years, big data proved that the blood pressure measured by ABPM has a stronger correlation with the target organ damage of hypertension compared with the blood pressure in the clinic.

The significant benefit of ABPM is that it can collect multiple blood pressure measurements, provide more comprehensive blood pressure information, identify "true and false hypertension" and accurately evaluate the antihypertensive effect. At present, clinical application is becoming more and more popular.

Common special types of hypertension are:

1. White coat hypertension and white coat effect

Because of the influence of environment and nervous factors when seeking medical treatment, the blood pressure measured in most patients’ clinic is often higher than the average blood pressure measured outside the clinic.

Without taking antihypertensive drugs, the blood pressure in the clinic is in the range of hypertension, but the blood pressure outside the clinic is not high, which is called white coat hypertension; In patients taking antihypertensive drugs, the blood pressure in the clinic is higher than that outside the clinic, which is called the white coat effect.

It has been observed that white coat hypertension accounts for 15% ~ 30% of the patients diagnosed with hypertension in the clinic [1]; In patients taking antihypertensive drugs, 30% ~ 40% have white coat effect [2].

Most studies (but not all studies) show that white coat hypertension itself brings little cardiovascular risk [2].

It is not clear whether antihypertensive therapy can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with white coat hypertension. However, white coat hypertension may develop into persistent hypertension faster than normal people, so patients with untreated white coat hypertension should be monitored regularly and followed up.

2. Concealed hypertension

Concealed hypertension means that the blood pressure in the clinic is normal, < 140/90 mmHg, but it is indicated as hypertension through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or home self-test blood pressure (the average blood pressure during the day is ≥135/85 mmHg).

According to statistics, about 15% ~ 30% of the adult population with normal blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg) in the clinic are artificial occult hypertension [3]. In some groups, such as patients with chronic kidney disease and apnea, the proportion of occult hypertension is higher.

The risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular disease in occult hypertension is 1.5 ~ 3.0 times higher than that in normal people or patients with well-controlled blood pressure, and its risk is equivalent to that in patients with persistent hypertension.

3. Night hypertension

Nocturnal hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure during sleep.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is the main method to find this type of hypertension.

It is estimated that 20% of whites and 40% of blacks suffer from nocturnal hypertension, and the prevalence of nocturnal hypertension in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease is also high.

Because ambulatory blood pressure monitoring will affect the quality of sleep when the cuff is inflated at night, it is not clear to what extent the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring machine will lead to the increase of blood pressure at night.

A large meta-analysis and several studies show that the increase of blood pressure during sleep is related to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.

4. Spoon blood pressure and non-spoon blood pressure

Most people’s blood pressure gradually rises from 6: 00 in the morning, reaches a peak around 10: 00, and then gradually drops steadily, and the blood pressure at noon is relatively low; From 14: 00, blood pressure gradually increased again, and peaked again from 16: 00 to 18: 00, and then slowly decreased; Blood pressure reached a low point at 0: 00-2: 00 in the morning, and then rose slightly, and maintained until 6: 00 to start the next day’s circulation. The whole day’s blood pressure shows a long-handled spoon-shaped curve with two peaks and one valley, so it is called spoon-shaped blood pressure. See the picture.

According to the decrease rate of blood pressure at night (22: 00 ~ 8: 00) compared with that at daytime (8: 00 ~ 22: 00), the circadian rhythm of blood pressure can be divided into:

Spoon blood pressure: the rate of blood pressure drop at night is 10% ~ 20%;

Non-spoon blood pressure: the rate of blood pressure drop at night is less than 10%;

Super spoon blood pressure: the rate of blood pressure drop at night is > 20%;

Reverse spoon blood pressure: blood pressure at night is higher than blood pressure during the day.

Compared with spoon-type blood pressure, the cardiovascular risk of target organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid intima thickening in non-spoon-type and anti-spoon-type blood pressure is significantly increased, while the extra-spoon-type blood pressure may not be related to the increase of cardiovascular risk.

5. Peak blood pressure in the morning

No matter whether the blood pressure is normal or hypertensive, the blood pressure will rise rapidly after waking up in the morning and returning to the upright position, and reach a higher level in a short time (2 ~ 4 hours). This phenomenon is called morning peak blood pressure.

Generally, the average systolic blood pressure of 2 hours after waking up is used, and the average blood pressure of 1 hour including the lowest systolic blood pressure at night (that is, the average of the lowest blood pressure and its two blood pressures before and after) is subtracted. If it is ≥35mmHg, it can be diagnosed as morning peak hypertension.

In recent years, more and more clinical studies have confirmed that there is a close relationship between blood pressure fluctuation and cardiovascular complications. It is found that the high incidence of cardiovascular events such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and cerebrovascular accident is from 6: 00 to 10: 00 every morning, accounting for about 35% to 40% of the whole day, and the morning peak of blood pressure plays an extremely important role.

Note:

[1]Franklin　SS,　Thijs　L,　Hansen　TW,　et　al.　Whitecoat　hypertension:　　new　insights　from　recent　studies.　Hypertension.　2013; 62:　982–987.　doi:　10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01275

[2]　Muntner　P,　Booth　JN　3rd,　Shimbo　D,　et　al.　Is　white-coat　hypertension　associated　with　increased　cardiovascular　and　mortality　risk? 　　J　Hypertens.　2016; 34:1655–1658.　doi:　　10.1097/HJH.0000000000000983

[3]　Peacock　J,　Diaz　KM,　Viera　AJ,　et　al.　Unmasking　masked　hypertension:　prevalence,　clinical　implications,　diagnosis,　correlates　and　future　directions.　J　Hum　Hypertens.　2014; 28:　521–528.　doi:　　10.1038/jhh.2014.9