Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 2nd(international observation) change breeds change in change.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Lina

　　The world is facing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years.

　　Global chaos is intertwined, the wind is high and the waves are urgent, and the waves are complicated … … "Will the world be all right?" Doubts constantly challenge global thinkers. From individuals, to institutions, to countries, to the interaction between countries, from material reality to ideas, people feel that all kinds of changes are accelerating in various fields.

　　International order: exploring in the risk of separatist upheaval

　　Governance dilemma, security dilemma, identity politics, big country game, military conflict, epidemic disaster, climate change … … All kinds of challenges are superimposed and projected on political relations, the situation is intensified, the risk of division facing the world is rising, and the international order is exploring a new balance in the process of change.

　　In some western countries, public governance is difficult to keep up with the changes of the times, and "American democracy" is facing institutional decline. In November 2018, the "yellow vest" incident exposed the French governance problem. On May 25, 2020, George Freud, an African-American man, was killed by white police, and then the "black life is life" movement broke out in the United States. On January 6, 2021, an unprecedented riot occurred on Capitol Hill, further aggravating the decline of "American democracy".

　　In regional relations, problems of multilateral mechanisms are repeated. On January 31, 2020, Britain officially "left the European Union", ending its 47-year membership in the European Union. The "Brexit" process, which lasted for several years, showed the serious tearing of British society, and became another evidence that western democracy was caught in the institutional dilemma and governance crisis, which had a far-reaching impact on the world political and economic structure.

　　Challenges within countries are also projected into the field of international relations. In order to maintain hegemony, the United States has stepped up the game of big powers, which has brought great instability to the world. Five years ago, the Trump administration declared that "the United States has priority" and constantly "retired" to undermine the international order. In 2019, the United States unilaterally announced its withdrawal from Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, and the international arms control system was challenged. On September 27th, 2020, a military conflict broke out between Armenia and Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), which made the geopolitical balance in the Caucasus and surrounding areas more fragile. On August 30, 2021, the US military hastily withdrew from Afghanistan, and the 20-year war in Afghanistan ended in American failure. With the emergence of various security crises and military conflicts, the return of geopolitical logic can be observed.

　　On August 31, 2021, Afghan Taliban personnel entered Kabul airport. The day before, the US Central Command announced that the US military has completed the task of withdrawing from Afghanistan, and the US military operations in Afghanistan for nearly 20 years have officially ended. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Sevrahman Safi)

　　On February 24, 2022, Russia, which was constantly squeezed by NATO, launched a special military action against Ukraine, and Europe, America and Russia fell into a severe geopolitical conflict. The escalation of the Ukrainian crisis has completely changed the relationship between Russia and the West and triggered a major adjustment in the international security pattern.

　　The United States demarcated by ideology, built a "small courtyard and high wall", provoked "strategic competition" with China, and declared that it would "decouple" and "break the chain" with China.

　　The global governance deficit is increasing, and the risk of division and confrontation in the world is getting higher and higher, which makes UN Secretary-General Guterres deeply worried. How to "maintain peace and development in a divided world" has become the theme of many think tanks around the world in 2022.

　　Joschka Fischer, a former German deputy chancellor and foreign minister, recently wrote on the website of the world newspaper syndicate that "we are witnessing an unprecedented convergence of major and minor crises" and that "many of these crises are not only signs of decline, but also signs that a new world order is being born".

　　World economy: finding a way in the downturn and inflation

　　Since 2013, former US Treasury Secretary Summers has repeatedly stressed that the global economy has entered a "long-term stagnation". Since 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic has made the world economy more difficult. Low growth, high debt, great recession, high inflation, trade war, energy war and financial war … … The global economy is beset with difficulties.

　　According to United Nations data, the global economy will shrink by 4.3% in 2020 due to the epidemic. After a moderate recovery in 2021, by the end of 2022, the world economy is facing more severe challenges, the era of great inflation is coming, and some countries are once again in a serious recession.

　　In order to get rid of economic difficulties, some countries, such as the United States, waved protectionist sticks and provoked trade wars against major trading partners.

　　In recent years, international oil prices have fluctuated violently. Analysts believe that behind it is the fierce game of energy powers. In 2022, the Ukrainian crisis escalated and the global energy pattern was adjusted again. At the same time, in order to crack down on Russia, the United States and the West used finance as a weapon to remove the Russian ruble from the SWIFT system. The overbearing hegemony of dollar hegemony is once again exposed.

　　The epidemic has disrupted the global supply chain, and some countries have begun to step up the adjustment of the global industrial chain and supply chain layout on the grounds of "economic security". After the end of the cold war, the process of economic globalization, which achieved great development, met with obstacles, and the trend of anti-globalization strengthened.

　　The accumulated policy risks in the early stage eventually led to an inflation crisis. The report released by the International Monetary Fund in October 2022 predicted that the global inflation rate would soar from 4.7% in 2021 to 8.8% in 2022.

　　Global poverty has worsened. According to the United Nations Report on Sustainable Development Goals in 2022, in 2020, the number of people living in extreme poverty in the world will increase by 93 million. Under the influence of inflation and geopolitical conflicts, the global poverty and hunger problem will be more severe in the future.

　　As the largest economy in the world, the epidemic situation and inflation response policies of the United States have caused a huge spillover impact on the world. After the outbreak, the United States "released water" on a large scale in monetary policy, and at the same time vigorously stimulated fiscal policy, laying the groundwork for soaring inflation. In 2022, in order to curb inflation, the Federal Reserve began to raise interest rates, which led to the global dollar returning to the United States, the currencies of various countries depreciated seriously against the dollar, and many vulnerable countries faced debt crisis.

　　On December 14th, 2022, the Federal Reserve announced that it would raise the target range of the federal funds rate by 50 basis points to 4.25% to 4.50%. Since 2022, the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates by 425 basis points. The picture shows Federal Reserve Chairman Powell attending a press conference in Washington on the same day. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Jie photo

　　In recent years, the world economy has faced many challenges, but many progress and highlights can not be ignored.

　　On July 7, 2019, the special summit of the African Union announced the official launch of the construction of a free trade zone on the African continent, and a unified big market that will eventually cover 1.2 billion people is ready to emerge. This is an important milestone in the process of African integration and has far-reaching significance for Africa’s economic and social development.

　　On November 15th, 2020, 10 ASEAN countries and China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand formally signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), and established a free trade zone with the largest population, the largest membership structure and the greatest development potential in the world.

　　Over the past few years, China has maintained its position as the largest contributor to world economic growth and played a key role as an engine of growth. In 2020, China is the only major economy to achieve positive growth in the context of the deep recession of the world economy as a whole due to the epidemic.

　　From a long-term perspective, it is an important stage of deep adjustment of the world economic structure. According to Singaporean scholar Ma Kaishuo, the era when the West dominated the world is coming to an end. As Asian countries return to their historical position in the global economy, a different era has begun.

　　Scientific and technological development: brewing a breakthrough in constant accumulation

　　At present, great changes are brewing in human science and technology, and a new round of industrial revolution is ready to go. However, it is still unknown when, where and how scientific and technological innovation will lead human society to a new round of prosperity.

　　In recent years, global new scientific and technological achievements have emerged continuously. With the rapid development of virtual reality and mobile Internet, big data, cloud computing, blockchain and artificial intelligence are roaring.

　　While international public opinion is conceiving a beautiful new life in the "meta-universe", the rapidly developing virtual world may also facilitate phishing, identity theft and even espionage. How to establish the core security principles of cyberspace so that people can work, shop and play safely is still a new problem to be solved.

　　Artificial intelligence is another double-edged sword of science and technology. According to Liu He, a researcher at the Institute of Comparative Literature and Society of Columbia University, artificial intelligence not only brings unprecedented changes to people’s lives, but also poses multiple severe challenges to the existing knowledge order and spiritual life of human beings.

　　The world continues the upsurge of space exploration. In April 2019, with international cooperation, humans "saw" black holes for the first time. China, the United States, the United Arab Emirates and other countries have made breakthroughs in space exploration.

　　In the field of new energy, photovoltaic technology is in the ascendant, and mankind has stepped into the entrance of the new energy revolution. Some studies believe that once human beings realize the universal utilization of light energy, it will reshape the global economic order and even form a new form of commercial civilization.

　　At the same time, more and more natural disasters make people feel that the task of dealing with global climate change is more urgent. In November 2022, the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27) was held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. "We are driving on the road to ‘ Climate hell ’ On the highway, but also step on the accelerator. " UN Secretary-General Guterres warned the world that "mankind has a choice: cooperate or perish. It is either a climate solidarity convention or a collective suicide convention. " From the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015 to the deadline for the implementation of the Agreement in 2030, the time has passed halfway, and the road ahead is still difficult.

　　On November 20th, 2022, the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27) closed in the coastal city of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. The picture shows the closing ceremony. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Xiankai photo

　　Scientific and technological progress constantly redefines the framework of human society. Machines can save manpower and make people unemployed. Advanced algorithms can bring convenient services and put people’s personal information security at risk. How to do a good job of guidance and supervision, so that science and technology will always be a force for good, and test the governance wisdom of the governors.

　　Social culture: finding the anchor of centering in the anxiety chaos

　　Since 2020, COVID-19 epidemic, geo-conflicts, food and energy shortages and extreme weather events have brought disastrous effects to billions of people all over the world.

　　The United Nations Development Programme released the Human Development Report in September 2022 — — Uncertain Times, Unstable Life: Shaping Our Future in a Changing World points out that all kinds of uncertainties are accumulating and interacting at different levels, shaking the foundation of life in an unprecedented way. A wide range of challenges are causing great uncertainty. In 2020 and 2021, the global human development index declined for the first time for two consecutive years. More than 90% of countries and regions declined in 2020 or 2021, and more than 40% of them declined for two consecutive years. This shows that the impact of the current global crisis on many countries is still deepening.

　　In this context, populism, ultra-nationalism, xenophobia and racism … … All kinds of discrimination and prejudice are getting worse in some countries.

　　In America, people saw the "culture war". The tribalized and fragmented society makes Francis Fukuyama, an American political scholar, feel helpless, and the decision-makers seem powerless to reverse the severely torn society, rebuild warm communities and make organic social and cultural life the cornerstone of the country.

　　On November 15th, 2022, the global population reached 8 billion. What does this figure mean to human society? The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) believes that without a more radical change, the world may face further aggravation of poverty and injustice.

　　With the development of globalization for many years, almost everyone’s life in modern society has gone beyond the locality and is intertwined with the distant world. The "local culture" marked by geographical boundaries has lost its clear outline. Some people embrace "openness", while others sigh "chaos".

　　Today’s modern people spend a lot of time immersed in virtual worlds. The COVID-19 epidemic has further prompted people to relieve their emotions in cyberspace. Cyber violence and rage are worrying, and the interaction between the network and reality has made public governance more difficult.

　　This is a big era that is undergoing radical changes. In the past, change may be just a part of life. Now, change has become life itself. People look for certainty in anxiety and chaos and look forward to the power of stability.

　　中国应变：胸怀伟大目标稳健前行

　　“极不寻常、极不平凡。”在2022年12月举行的党外人士座谈会上，中共中央总书记最高领袖用这八个字形容过去的五年。

　　当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，全球和平发展面临的不确定不稳定因素增多。中国放眼长远、胸怀天下、坚定信心，用人类命运共同体理念点亮灯火，照亮人类前行之路。作为负责任的大国，五年来，中国在努力做好自身建设的同时，开展奋发有为的积极外交，与时俱进地提出新理念、展开新行动，在世界上的影响力日增。

　　互利合作方面，“一带一路”倡议与全球发展倡议并举。对标落实好联合国2030年可持续发展议程，中国在世界范围内推动高质量发展合作。2018年，首届中国国际进口博览会开启。“连续五年如期举办进博会，让中国大市场成为世界大机遇，释放了中国全面扩大开放、加强国际合作的积极信号，展现了同世界分享市场机遇、推动世界经济复苏的中国担当。”中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所和虹桥国际经济论坛研究中心共同撰写的《世界开放报告2022》如是评价。

　　On November 6, 2022, the audience visited "Ten Years in China — — Exhibition of achievements in opening to the outside world. " Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Jiansong photo

　　Robert kuhn, chairman of the American Kuhn Foundation, believes that human development needs to be guaranteed by two major principles, one is stability, and the other is growth. Without stability and growth, nothing else can be said. The global development initiative and global security initiative put forward by China focus on safeguarding these two basic norms.

　　In terms of stable growth, as the second largest economy in the world, compared with other major countries in the world, China has provided the world with stable policy expectations. Today, China is not only the biggest contributor to the world economic growth, but also shows its role as a big country in more and more fields of international cooperation, providing the world with more global public goods and making every effort for global development. China has fully implemented the G-20 debt relief initiative, and the total amount of debt relief is the largest among G-20 members, which has provided support for relevant developing countries to tide over the difficulties.

　　In terms of common security, on April 21, 2022, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward the global security initiative for the first time at the opening ceremony of the annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia. This initiative aims to make up for the deficit in world peace and security and achieve lasting peace and universal security.

　　In terms of pioneering and innovation, China in the new era is constantly promoting scientific and technological innovation, concept innovation and system innovation, and exploring new paths of global development. More and more developing countries are looking forward to seeking development experience from China.

　　The first China-Arab Summit held in December, 2022 once again showed the world that "treating each other as equals" and "mutual benefit" are China’s way to get along with the world.

　　… …

　　Under the background of "stormy international environment and arduous domestic reform, development and stability tasks", the stability of China and the rule of China are hard-won. China is using new ideas and practical actions to prove that this super-large-scale country is a force to promote world peace and progress and a trustworthy and cooperative partner.

　　Pursuing great dreams is destined to go through thick and thin.

　　In this wide-ranging and changing world, in this confused and hopeful era, we still believe that the world will eventually move towards the light.

Spring is the season when everything recovers, and it is also the spring day when heavy winter clothes fade away. Young people want to live their own spring and summer style, so how can they get a car as a wingman? The premium price of 53,900 yuan is sincere, and the appearance and configuration are also modest. If you are interested in this SUV built for "Houlang", you may wish to take a look at the purchase guide of this car.

Kaiyi has a total of 7 models, with the price range of 53,900-79,900 yuan. The appearance of the new car is fashionable and young, and the interior style is simple and generous. Two 10.25-inch screens in the car bring excellent visual impact. In addition, the new car also has a good performance in configuration, which is very suitable for young consumers to buy.

The appearance, space and control of dazzle world are remarkable.

As a fashionable SUV specially designed for young people, the cool shape is definitely self-evident. Kaiyi not only provides consumers with two front grille styles of "wingspan" and "full of stars", but also has up to nine color schemes to choose from, including five solid color bodies, namely, floating clouds white, proud red, willful blue, slash gray and wind blue, and four two-color bodies, namely, hard core black+floating clouds white, hard core black+proud red, hard core black+willful blue, hard core black+wind blue, which are enough to satisfy young people.

Kaiyi’s body size is 4400/1831/1683mm, and it has a wheelbase of 2632 mm. The interior space of the car is very considerable, and it will not be crowded when there are three people in the back row. The reasonable and exquisite interior will also leave some spare space on the heads of the front and rear passengers, even if the passengers are taller, they don’t have to worry about close contact with the ceiling of the car. The trunk can easily meet the daily household use in the normal state, and the rear seats support 4/6 ratio, which can expand the carrying space and meet the space requirements for loading oversized luggage.

In terms of power, Kaiyi is equipped with 1.5L, its maximum power is 85kW(116PS), and its peak torque is 143 N m.. Matching 5-speed manual or CVT continuously variable gearbox according to different models, CVT models are also equipped with two driving modes, normal mode can bring smoother power output and lower fuel consumption, while sports mode can increase the speed faster, which can bring more surging driving experience.

There are three types of automatic transmission models, which are also divided into low, medium and high. The configuration of low-music type is almost the same as that of manual transmission type, with only one more function. Compared with the music type, the fun type has more functions such as fixed-speed cruise, keyless start/entry, driving mode switching, etc., and the price is also controlled in the early 70 thousand yuan. Finally, let’s take a look at Yao, the model with the highest price. Its configuration level is almost the same as that of the manual transmission, and it adds functions such as remote starting and automatic parking. Combined with its superior price of less than 80,000 yuan, its super high price-performance ratio is attractive. If you want to buy an automatic transmission model, you can bring you an excellent car experience without thinking about Yao.

　　CCTV News:"Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security" WeChat official news, recently, the Ministry of Public Security launched a number of measures to ensure high-quality development of public security organs’ services. New measures to optimize motor vehicle registration service and further promote automobile consumption are one of the important contents. The Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security deployed local public security traffic control departments to further refine measures, optimize processes, simplify and optimize vehicle registration procedures, better facilitate mass enterprises to handle affairs, promote the circulation of automobile consumption, and better serve and ensure high-quality development.

　　First, simplify the registration procedures of new cars, and facilitate one-stop registration of new cars.On the basis of the previous pilot, we will further expand the pilot of pre-inspection of domestic passenger car registered production enterprises, and implement the pre-inspection of new cars in 33 production enterprises in 36 cities, so that the people are exempted from submitting their cars, reducing the waiting time for people to do things in line, adapting to new car sales modes such as online car sales on the Internet, and better promoting automobile consumption. Actively support the establishment of motor vehicle registration service stations in banks, auto financing companies and other financial institutions, so as to facilitate the people to handle loan and mortgage registration procedures at one stop.

　　Second, facilitate the registration of second-hand car transfer and promote the circulation of second-hand car transactions.In conjunction with the commerce, taxation and other departments, we will implement the convenience measures such as canceling the restrictions on the movement of used cars and the registration of second-hand passenger cars. The implementation of motorcycle registration in the province, the province (district) for motorcycle registration, transfer registration, residence move in, the applicant can rely on the resident ID card "one card through office", no need to submit proof of temporary residence, to facilitate people to buy cars in different places. If local laws and regulations implement a separate management policy for the purchase of motorcycles, local regulations shall prevail.

　　Three, the implementation of second-hand car export registration in different places, to promote the development of second-hand car export.For second-hand car export enterprises to purchase vehicles in different places, they are allowed to apply for cancellation of registration at the place where the enterprise is located, and continue to promote cross-provincial traffic control services. For second-hand car export enterprises that have the conditions to issue invoices for second-hand car transactions, actively support the establishment of motor vehicle registration service stations, facilitate enterprises to register in one stop, reduce costs and burdens, and create a good environment for second-hand car exports.

　　"The situation in the affected area is chaotic, people are running in the streets, buildings collapse and ships are washed ashore." Dwikorita Karnawati, head of the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau, described the scene after the September 28 earthquake and tsunami.

　　On September 28th, an earthquake of magnitude 7.7 occurred in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, which subsequently triggered a tsunami.

　　According to the statistics of Indonesian Disaster Reduction Agency on the 29th, the earthquake and tsunami have caused 384 deaths and hundreds of injuries. With the advance of rescue work, the death toll of tsunami caused by earthquake in Indonesia is rising further. The Indonesian Disaster Reduction Agency also said that many "bodies" were found on the beaches in Indonesia.

　　The above-mentioned institutions also said that due to the paralysis of local communications, they have not received a more comprehensive report of casualties for the time being. Nugroho, spokesman of Indonesian Disaster Relief Agency, said the impact of the disaster was "extensive", with thousands of houses washed away and some people missing.

　　"This is the strongest earthquake I have ever encountered, and we all ran out of the building." Yanti, a 40-year-old housewife from East Gala, said.

　　Mohammed Fikree, another resident from East Gala, said that he fled from his home after the earthquake, but he did not encounter large-scale panic.

　　"Everything in my house is shaking and cracks appear on the wall." Fikree said, "This is not the first time (earthquake). The last earthquake caused us a stronger sense of shock, so this time we didn’t panic very much. We fled the building and now everything is back to normal."

　　According to Singapore’s Lianhe Zaobao, the first earthquake occurred at about 2 pm local time yesterday (1 pm Beijing time), with a magnitude of 6.1, and another earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 occurred about 4 hours later. The epicentres of the two earthquakes were located 78 kilometers north of Palu, the capital of Central Sulawesi Province. The second earthquake triggered a tsunami.

　　After the tsunami, Indonesia’s local TV station broadcast a video taken with a mobile phone on the 29th. In the video, when the distant waves suddenly hit the coast of Palu, people screamed and ran away in panic. The photographer of this video is located in a tall building not far from the coast. The coastal town of Palu has a population of 350,000.

　　Where the lens swept, the small restaurant set up along the beach was washed away by the waves, and the city streets were full of building debris wrapped in seawater, and the telephone poles were skewed. In the picture, a mosque has partially collapsed, but it is not clear whether it is due to the impact of the earthquake or tsunami.

　　The city of Palu, Sulawesi province was devastated by the earthquake and tsunami. According to the BBC, this video was shot about 80 kilometers from the epicenter of the earthquake.

　　According to previous media reports, the 3-meter-high tsunami triggered by the earthquake in Central Sulawesi province hit two cities, Palu and Donggala, and many residential areas were invaded by seawater.

　　Photos spread in the media and social networking sites showed that some victims’ bodies were wrapped in blue body bags, parked on the roadside where building debris remained, and survivors walked by. Some affected hospitals transferred the wounded at the first time.

　　The body of the victims temporarily parked on the roadside, Palu City, was built according to makassar strait, and the narrowness of the strait increased the destructive power of the tsunami impact. On the streets of the city, fragments of buildings are scattered everywhere. In the nearby city of Donggara, a sea-crossing bridge with a yellow arch was washed away by huge waves.

　　Initially, the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau declared that earthquakes would not cause tsunamis. Subsequently, Dwikorita Karnawati, the head of the agency, confirmed to Reuters that the tsunami hit the city of Palu in makassar strait, which connects Celebes and the Java Sea.

　　The disaster situation in nine villages is still unknown.

　　To make matters worse, the lack of electricity and communication has made the search and rescue work more difficult.

　　After a staff member of the Central Sulawesi Museum in Palu confirmed the impact of the tsunami on the museum to Jakarta Post, the media reported that the communication connection of the mobile phone "collapsed".

　　Mirza ali Sam, a resident from Kendari, the capital of southeast Sulawesi province, told the media that his uncle’s family of five was on vacation in Palu, and he had been unable to get in touch with them since the tsunami hit.

　　Nugroho, spokesman of Indonesian Disaster Relief Agency, said that the Indonesian military is deploying troops to Palu and Donggara, and the police have mobilized to help with emergency response. Search and rescue personnel and disaster relief agency personnel are working at the same time.

　　At present, the evacuation work is in progress, and people are warned to be vigilant and stay outside.

　　"People are encouraged to gather in safe places, away from hillsides." Nugroho said. "It is best not to enter houses or buildings, because there is a great possibility of aftershocks." After the magnitude 7.7 earthquake on the evening of 28th, there have been many aftershocks, including a magnitude 6.7 aftershock.

　　"Many houses collapsed," Akris, a staff member of the Indonesian Disaster Relief Agency, told the Associated Press that the disaster situation in nine villages is still unknown.

　　The main airport in Palu was also closed after the tsunami and is expected to be closed for at least 24 hours. Nugroho said that helicopters can still land at the airport if necessary, but AirNav, which is used to monitor the flight system, shows that the runway of the airport has cracked and the control tower has been damaged.

　　Over the past month or so, there have been many earthquakes in Indonesia, including an earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Richter scale in northern Sulawesi province of Indonesia on September 8, an earthquake measuring 5.5 on Sombawa island of Indonesia on August 26, and several earthquakes in Lombok, Indonesia during August. This series of earthquakes has caused 515 deaths and 7,145 injuries.

　　On the evening of 28th, Indonesian Prime Minister Joko said that he had instructed the Minister of Security to coordinate various government departments to deal with the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Central Sulawesi province.

　　Stephane Dujarric, a UN spokesman, said that UN officials are in contact with Indonesian authorities and are "ready to provide support as needed".

　　Indonesia is located in the Pacific volcanic belt, where the continental plates meet, resulting in frequent earthquakes and volcanic activities. The worst is the December 2004 earthquake, when a super strong earthquake of magnitude 9 or above occurred on the Indian Ocean seabed west of Sumatra, which triggered a tsunami and killed 226,000 people in 13 countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia. In Indonesia, 168,000 people were killed.

Text | Li Qing, Tianjin TEDA Hospital

Hypertension is one of the most dangerous factors of cardiovascular disease, and accurate measurement of blood pressure is very important for correct diagnosis of hypertension and monitoring the effect of antihypertensive treatment.

At present, the diagnosis of hypertension is still based on the blood pressure measured by doctors in the clinic. The diagnostic standard of hypertension in the United States is ≥130/80 mmHg, and other countries still use the previous ≥140/90 mmHg.

However, there are also some disadvantages in measuring blood pressure in the clinic, such as doctor’s operation error, inconsistent measurement methods, patients’ nervousness when measuring blood pressure, and the inability to obtain blood pressure values outside the consultation time, which leads to the phenomenon of true and false hypertension: some hypertension may not be found, while some normal people may be mistaken for hypertension.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a noninvasive and automatic blood pressure measurement technology, which can record blood pressure continuously for 24 hours. ABPM has a history of 40 years. In the past 20 years, big data proved that the blood pressure measured by ABPM has a stronger correlation with the target organ damage of hypertension compared with the blood pressure in the clinic.

The significant benefit of ABPM is that it can collect multiple blood pressure measurements, provide more comprehensive blood pressure information, identify "true and false hypertension" and accurately evaluate the antihypertensive effect. At present, clinical application is becoming more and more popular.

Common special types of hypertension are:

1. White coat hypertension and white coat effect

Because of the influence of environment and nervous factors when seeking medical treatment, the blood pressure measured in most patients’ clinic is often higher than the average blood pressure measured outside the clinic.

Without taking antihypertensive drugs, the blood pressure in the clinic is in the range of hypertension, but the blood pressure outside the clinic is not high, which is called white coat hypertension; In patients taking antihypertensive drugs, the blood pressure in the clinic is higher than that outside the clinic, which is called the white coat effect.

It has been observed that white coat hypertension accounts for 15% ~ 30% of the patients diagnosed with hypertension in the clinic [1]; In patients taking antihypertensive drugs, 30% ~ 40% have white coat effect [2].

Most studies (but not all studies) show that white coat hypertension itself brings little cardiovascular risk [2].

It is not clear whether antihypertensive therapy can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with white coat hypertension. However, white coat hypertension may develop into persistent hypertension faster than normal people, so patients with untreated white coat hypertension should be monitored regularly and followed up.

2. Concealed hypertension

Concealed hypertension means that the blood pressure in the clinic is normal, < 140/90 mmHg, but it is indicated as hypertension through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or home self-test blood pressure (the average blood pressure during the day is ≥135/85 mmHg).

According to statistics, about 15% ~ 30% of the adult population with normal blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg) in the clinic are artificial occult hypertension [3]. In some groups, such as patients with chronic kidney disease and apnea, the proportion of occult hypertension is higher.

The risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular disease in occult hypertension is 1.5 ~ 3.0 times higher than that in normal people or patients with well-controlled blood pressure, and its risk is equivalent to that in patients with persistent hypertension.

3. Night hypertension

Nocturnal hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure during sleep.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is the main method to find this type of hypertension.

It is estimated that 20% of whites and 40% of blacks suffer from nocturnal hypertension, and the prevalence of nocturnal hypertension in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease is also high.

Because ambulatory blood pressure monitoring will affect the quality of sleep when the cuff is inflated at night, it is not clear to what extent the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring machine will lead to the increase of blood pressure at night.

A large meta-analysis and several studies show that the increase of blood pressure during sleep is related to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.

4. Spoon blood pressure and non-spoon blood pressure

Most people’s blood pressure gradually rises from 6: 00 in the morning, reaches a peak around 10: 00, and then gradually drops steadily, and the blood pressure at noon is relatively low; From 14: 00, blood pressure gradually increased again, and peaked again from 16: 00 to 18: 00, and then slowly decreased; Blood pressure reached a low point at 0: 00-2: 00 in the morning, and then rose slightly, and maintained until 6: 00 to start the next day’s circulation. The whole day’s blood pressure shows a long-handled spoon-shaped curve with two peaks and one valley, so it is called spoon-shaped blood pressure. See the picture.

According to the decrease rate of blood pressure at night (22: 00 ~ 8: 00) compared with that at daytime (8: 00 ~ 22: 00), the circadian rhythm of blood pressure can be divided into:

Spoon blood pressure: the rate of blood pressure drop at night is 10% ~ 20%;

Non-spoon blood pressure: the rate of blood pressure drop at night is less than 10%;

Super spoon blood pressure: the rate of blood pressure drop at night is > 20%;

Reverse spoon blood pressure: blood pressure at night is higher than blood pressure during the day.

Compared with spoon-type blood pressure, the cardiovascular risk of target organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid intima thickening in non-spoon-type and anti-spoon-type blood pressure is significantly increased, while the extra-spoon-type blood pressure may not be related to the increase of cardiovascular risk.

5. Peak blood pressure in the morning

No matter whether the blood pressure is normal or hypertensive, the blood pressure will rise rapidly after waking up in the morning and returning to the upright position, and reach a higher level in a short time (2 ~ 4 hours). This phenomenon is called morning peak blood pressure.

Generally, the average systolic blood pressure of 2 hours after waking up is used, and the average blood pressure of 1 hour including the lowest systolic blood pressure at night (that is, the average of the lowest blood pressure and its two blood pressures before and after) is subtracted. If it is ≥35mmHg, it can be diagnosed as morning peak hypertension.

In recent years, more and more clinical studies have confirmed that there is a close relationship between blood pressure fluctuation and cardiovascular complications. It is found that the high incidence of cardiovascular events such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and cerebrovascular accident is from 6: 00 to 10: 00 every morning, accounting for about 35% to 40% of the whole day, and the morning peak of blood pressure plays an extremely important role.

Note:

[1]Franklin　SS,　Thijs　L,　Hansen　TW,　et　al.　Whitecoat　hypertension:　　new　insights　from　recent　studies.　Hypertension.　2013; 62:　982–987.　doi:　10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01275

[2]　Muntner　P,　Booth　JN　3rd,　Shimbo　D,　et　al.　Is　white-coat　hypertension　associated　with　increased　cardiovascular　and　mortality　risk? 　　J　Hypertens.　2016; 34:1655–1658.　doi:　　10.1097/HJH.0000000000000983

[3]　Peacock　J,　Diaz　KM,　Viera　AJ,　et　al.　Unmasking　masked　hypertension:　prevalence,　clinical　implications,　diagnosis,　correlates　and　future　directions.　J　Hum　Hypertens.　2014; 28:　521–528.　doi:　　10.1038/jhh.2014.9

　　[New car on the market] A few days ago, we learned from relevant channels that the 2017 model was officially listed.The new car has five configurations, and the price range is 56,900-70,900 yuan.The guide price of some models has increased by 1000 yuan.

　　In terms of appearance, the biggest change of the 2017 model also comes from the appearance, mainly the adjustment of the front air intake grille style. The interior of the front grille adopts a black mesh style, and the chrome-plated bright bars that used to run through the middle mesh are moved below the LOGO, which makes the visual effect more exaggerated.

　　Blue decoration is added inside the headlight group, which makes the visual effect more exquisite, and the appearance is basically the same as that of the current model in other aspects.

　　There is no change in the interior, and it still enhances the overall feeling of the car for the embracing shape. In addition, the dual screen is still the biggest highlight in the car, which has improved the sense of grade in the car. The seats of the real-shot vehicle are still in the 7-seat layout of 2+3+2, and the second row can form a complete plane after being laid down, and the space utilization rate is still relatively high.

　　In terms of configuration, the 2017 model has improved slightly. Among them, the roof rack appears as standard, and the main driver’s seat and mobile phone mapping function are added to other models except the standard one. The latest distinguished model is equipped with keyless entry, one-button start, online navigation, reversing image follow-up line, right image, green glass of the whole car, lumbar support and heating of the main driver’s seat, etc., and the configuration is more abundant.

　　In terms of power, it is still equipped with the model DAM15B 1.5L, with a maximum of 114 horsepower and a peak value of 148 Nm, and the transmission system is matched with the fifth gear. (Text/car home Dong Liu)

The couple who failed to conceive after marriage are eager to have children, and try their best to find eggs and then "borrow the abdomen" to give birth to a pair of twins. However, something unexpected happened. A pair of children were only three years old, but the father of the child suddenly fell ill and died. For this reason, a lawsuit "war" broke out between in-laws and daughter-in-law for custody of the child.Mothers who have raised their children for many years are not related by blood, grandparents who are related by blood are too old to bear the heavy responsibility of raising, and the identity relationship between the two "mothers" who provided eggs and gave birth to children behind the case, and the inheritance of the father of the child …This lawsuit, which is entangled with family, blood and ethics, is doomed to be not simple.

On the morning of June 17, the Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court made a final judgment on this case, and rejected the grandparents’ claim to be guardians of their children and raise them.

After the verdict, the mother who raised the child for many years shed tears on the spot with her attorney.

Remarried couples "customize" surrogate twins

Jun Gao is the only son of Lao Gao and his wife. On April 28th, 2007, after two failed marriages, Jun Gao married lin li, who was also divorced. After marriage, lin li revealed to her husband that she was suffering from infertility and offered to raise children related to her husband. After discussion, the two decided to find someone to surrogate.

They found a surrogacy company online, bought other people’s eggs, provided sperm by Jun Gao, and entrusted another woman to give birth by in vitro fertilization combined with embryo transfer technology. Although it cost hundreds of thousands of yuan before and after, Jun Gao lin li finally got a pair of lovely dragon and phoenix twins Xiao Qing and Xiao Shi on February 13th, 2011.

The man died of illness, and his in-laws and daughters-in-law sued for "taking treasure"

In February 2014, Jun Gao died suddenly because of acute pancreatitis. The sudden change not only made the two children lose their father, but also caused irreconcilable contradictions between Jun Gao’s parents and wife because of their children.

On December 29th of the same year, Lao Gao and his wife brought lin li to court, and the two sides went to court for the custody and support of their children. Lao Gao and his wife claimed that their son Jun Gao was the biological father of the two children, but lin li was not related to the children by birth, so they asked him and his wife to obtain custody of the two children.In order to prove their parenting ability, Lao Gao and his wife also produced a promise from their daughter who lives in the United States, proving that her daughter is willing to help them raise two children.. Lilin firmly disagreed with the old man’s petition, saying that "I have been raising the two children, and they should be presumed to be the legitimate children of Jun Gao and me. If they can’t be identified as legitimate children, then they will live with me from the date of birth and form a de facto adoption relationship. " Lin li’s agent ad litem also argued that if the court could not identify Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi as legitimate children of Jun Gao and lin li or actually adopted children, the plaintiff Lao Gao and his wife’s claim to be guardians should also be rejected if they could not determine whether their biological mother died or lost their guardianship.

In the trial of the first instance, the court entrusted an authoritative organization to carry out DNA identification, and the conclusion was: Jun Gao’s parents, Xiao Qing and Xiao Shi were not excluded from the genetic relationship, but lin li could be excluded as the biological mother of Xiao Qing and Xiao Shi. On July 29th, 2015, the first instance ruled that Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi were under the custody of the plaintiff Lao Gao and his wife, while lin li entrusted Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi to the custody of two plaintiffs, on the grounds that the legal adoption relationship was not established due to the lack of statutory essential elements between lin li and Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi, and the surrogacy itself was not legal, and lin li and Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi did not constitute a fictitious blood relationship.

The second trial found that custody belongs to the foster mother.

After the judgment of the first instance, lin li refused to accept it and appealed to the Shanghai No.1 Middle School. On November 16th, 2015, the Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court held a public hearing to hear the appeal case. During the hearing, the two sides had a heated debate on the legal status of the children born by surrogacy, whether lin li and Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi established a fictitious blood relationship, and the custody of Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi.

Because Jun Gao ran the company before his death and left a lot of legacy after his death, lin li said in court: "If I get custody of the children, I will raise them by my own ability, and I agree that the court will freeze the property inherited by the two children until the children reach the age of 18." Lin li also said that if she obtained the custody of her two children, she would allow her parents-in-law to visit them. However, this statement was not accepted by Lao Gao and his wife, who always insisted on obtaining custody of their two children.

After hearing the case, Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court held that Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi were the children born by Jun Gao and other women through surrogacy after lin li and Jun Gao got married, and they belonged to the illegitimate children of one of the spouses after the marriage. After their birth, the two children lived with Jun Gao and lin li for nearly three years, and Jun Gao lived with lin li for two years after his death.Lin li, Xiao Qing and Xiao Shi have formed a stepparent-child relationship, and their rights and obligations are governed by the provisions of the Marriage Law on the relationship between parents and children.As grandparents, Lao Gao and his wife are in the custody order after lin li, so their claim for custody does not meet the conditions stipulated by law. At the same time, considering the principle of children’s best interests, it is more conducive to the healthy growth of children to obtain custody from lin li, so the appellee Lao Gao and his wife’s original claim was rejected.

The second trial found that custody belongs to the foster mother.

[Judge Wired] The legal relationship of surrogacy derivatives needs to be clarified

Hou Weiqing, the presiding judge and presiding judge of the collegiate bench in this case, said that the determination of paternity of the children born by surrogacy is complicated, which is related to the realization of the purpose of surrogacy, the interests of all parties, the protection of the rights and interests of the children born by surrogacy, and the public’s acceptance based on traditional ethical concepts and cultural background. At present, China’s laws lack relevant provisions on this. Theoretically, there are four theories: consanguinity theory, childbirth theory, contract theory (or artificial reproduction purpose theory) and children’s best interests theory. The court held that the "childbirth theory" conforms to the principle of "the parturient is the mother" in the traditional civil law, and is also the same as the standard of paternity in the other two artificial reproduction methods, and conforms to the traditional ethical principles and values of our country. In addition, the principle of "the parturient is the mother" is also consistent with the current position of prohibiting surrogacy in China. Therefore, it is concluded that the legal biological mother of the child born as a surrogate in this case should be recognized as a surrogate according to the principle of "the parturient is the mother"; The legal biological father is Jun Gao who is related by blood. Because there is no legal marriage relationship between Jun Gao and the surrogate, the children born are illegitimate children.

In this case, the foster relationship between stepparents and children was formed.

Hou Weiqing said that the scope of stepparents’ children should not be limited to children born in wedlock, but also include children born out of wedlock. However, when the Marriage Law distinguishes the stepparents-children relationship between lineal in-laws and fictitious blood relatives, it is based on the fact that there is upbringing education. As for whether the birth time of children is before or after the marriage, it is not the essential element to identify the stepparents-children relationship with dependency. In the past five years, lin li has completely regarded the two children as her own children, and has fulfilled the obligations of raising, protecting, educating and caring for the children as a mother. Therefore, it should be considered that the relationship between the two sides has been formed. Once the stepparents-children relationship of this fictitious consanguinity is formed, it will not be dissolved by the death of the parent of the husband and wife. Therefore, the death of Jun Gao cannot naturally terminate the existing stepparents-children relationship with lin li and his two children.

Surrogacy is illegal, but the interests of children are great.

Hou Weiqing also said that no matter how to deny and condemn illegal surrogacy, the children born by surrogacy should be innocent and their legitimate rights and interests should be protected by law. Therefore, children born in or out of wedlock, children born naturally or children born by artificial reproduction, including surrogacy, should be given equal protection. According to the principle of children’s best interests, considering the guardianship ability of both parties, children’s needs for living environment and emotion, and the influence of family structure integrity on children, it is more conducive to the healthy growth of children to have custody in lin li. Therefore, the custody of Xiaoqing and Xiaoshi should belong to lin li. (The characters in the text are all pseudonyms)

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme Law issued the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Independent Letter of Guarantee Disputes. The full text is as follows:

　　Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Independent Letter of Guarantee Disputes were adopted at the 1688th meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People’s Court on July 11, 2016, and are hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of December 1, 2016.

　　the Supreme People’s Court

　　November 18, 2016

　　Fa Shi [2016] No.24

　　The Supreme People’s Court about

　　Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Independent Letter of Guarantee Disputes

　　(July 11, 2016, the 1688th the Supreme People’s Court Judicial Committee.

　　Adopted at the meeting and implemented as of December 1, 2016)

　　In order to correctly hear disputes over independent letters of guarantee, earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, serve and guarantee the construction of the Belt and Road, and promote opening up, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the General Principles of the Civil Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Contract Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Guarantee Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Law on the Application of Laws in Foreign-related Civil Relations in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other laws, and in combination with the actual trial:

　　Article 1 The term "independent letter of guarantee" as mentioned in these Provisions refers to a written promise issued by a bank or a non-bank financial institution as an issuer to the beneficiary, agreeing to pay a specific amount or within the maximum amount of the letter of guarantee when the beneficiary requests payment and submits documents that meet the requirements of the letter of guarantee.

　　The documents mentioned in the preceding paragraph refer to the payment request, breach of contract statement, documents issued by a third party, court decisions, arbitral awards, bills of exchange, invoices and other written documents that indicate the occurrence of payment due events as stated in the independent guarantee.

　　An independent letter of guarantee may be issued at the request of the applicant of the letter of guarantee or at the instruction of another financial institution. Where the issuer issues an independent letter of guarantee as instructed, it may require the instructing person to issue an independent letter of guarantee to guarantee the right of recourse.

　　Article 2 The independent letter of guarantee disputes mentioned in these Provisions refer to disputes arising from the opening, cancellation, modification, transfer, payment and recovery of independent letters of guarantee.

　　Article 3 If a letter of guarantee is in any of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall support it if the parties claim that it is an independent letter of guarantee, except that the letter of guarantee does not specify the documents on which payment is made and the maximum amount:

　　(1) The letter of guarantee states that payment shall be made on demand;

　　(2) The letter of guarantee specifies that the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees of the International Chamber of Commerce and other model rules for independent letter of guarantee transactions shall apply;

　　(3) According to the text of the letter of guarantee, the issuer’s payment obligation is independent of the basic transaction relationship and the legal relationship of the letter of guarantee application, and it only bears the payment responsibility of conforming documents.

　　The people’s court will not support the claim that the independent guarantee is a general guarantee or a joint guarantee on the grounds that the corresponding basic transaction is recorded.

　　The people’s court does not support the claim that the independent guarantee is applicable to the provisions of the security law on general guarantee or joint guarantee.

　　Article 4 The opening time of an independent guarantee is the time when the issuer issues an independent guarantee.

　　An independent letter of guarantee shall take effect immediately upon issuance, unless the effective date or event is specified in the independent letter of guarantee.

　　The people’s court shall support an independent letter of guarantee that is not stated to be revocable and the parties claim that it is irrevocable after it is issued.

　　Article 5 If an independent letter of guarantee states that the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees and other model rules for independent letter of guarantee transactions are applicable, or the issuer and the beneficiary unanimously cite them before the end of the debate in the court of first instance, the people’s court shall consider that the contents of the model rules for transactions constitute an integral part of the terms of the independent letter of guarantee.

　　Without the circumstances mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the people’s court shall not support the claim that the independent guarantee is applicable to the relevant model trading rules.

　　Article 6 The people’s court shall support the beneficiary’s request that the issuer bear the responsibility for payment according to the independent letter of guarantee, because the documents submitted by the beneficiary are apparently consistent with the terms of the independent letter of guarantee and between documents.

　　The people’s court shall not support the issuer’s defense against the payment obligation by the basic transaction relationship or the independent guarantee application relationship, except in the case of Article 12 of these Provisions.

　　Article 7 The people’s court shall, when determining whether it constitutes apparent conformity, conduct an examination according to the standards for examining documents specified in the independent letter of guarantee; If the independent guarantee is not specified, it may refer to the relevant document examination standards determined by the International Chamber of Commerce.

　　If the documents are not completely consistent with the terms of the independent letter of guarantee, or between documents, but it does not lead to ambiguity between them, the people’s court shall consider that they are superficially consistent.

　　Article 8 The issuer has the right and obligation to independently examine the documents, and has the right to decide whether the documents are in apparent conformity with the terms of the independent letter of guarantee or not, and to decide whether to accept or reject the discrepancies.

　　If the issuer has clearly indicated to the beneficiary that it accepts the discrepancy, and the beneficiary requests the issuer to bear the responsibility for payment, the people’s court shall support it.

　　If the issuer refuses to accept the discrepancy, and the beneficiary requests the issuer to bear the payment responsibility on the grounds that the applicant of the letter of guarantee has accepted the discrepancy, the people’s court will not support it.

　　Article 9 The people’s court shall support the issuer’s recourse against the applicant of the guarantee after payment based on the independent guarantee, unless there are discrepancies in the documents submitted by the beneficiary.

　　Article 10 If an independent letter of guarantee does not specify both the negotiable documents and the documents on which the new beneficiary is determined, and the issuer claims that the transfer of the beneficiary’s right of claim for payment is not valid for it, the people’s court shall support it. Where an independent guarantee has special provisions on the transfer of the beneficiary’s right to claim payment, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Article 11 If an independent letter of guarantee has one of the following circumstances, and the parties claim that the rights and obligations of the independent letter of guarantee are terminated, the people’s court shall support it:

　　(1) The beneficiary fails to submit the documents that meet the requirements of the independent guarantee when the expiration date or event specified in the independent guarantee expires;

　　(2) All the payables under the independent guarantee have been paid;

　　(3) The amount of the independent guarantee has been reduced to zero;

　　(4) The issuer receives a document issued by the beneficiary exempting the payment obligation under the independent guarantee;

　　(five) other circumstances stipulated by law or agreed by the parties to terminate.

　　The people’s court shall not support an independent letter of guarantee where the rights and obligations mentioned in the preceding paragraph are terminated and the beneficiary claims the right to claim payment on the grounds that he holds the text of the independent letter of guarantee.

　　Article 12 In any of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall determine that it constitutes an independent letter of guarantee fraud:

　　(1) The beneficiary colludes with the applicant for the letter of guarantee or others to fabricate the underlying transaction;

　　(2) The third-party documents submitted by the beneficiary are forged or have false contents;

　　(3) The court judgment or arbitral award determines that the debtor of the underlying transaction has no liability for payment or compensation;

　　(4) The beneficiary confirms that the debt of the underlying transaction has been fully fulfilled or that the payment due event specified in the independent guarantee has not occurred;

　　(5) Other circumstances in which the beneficiary abuses the right of claim for payment knowing that he has no right.

　　Article 13 Where an applicant, issuer or indicator of an independent letter of guarantee finds any of the circumstances mentioned in Article 12 of these Provisions, he may apply to the issuer’s domicile or other people’s court with jurisdiction over the fraud dispute case of independent letter of guarantee for suspension of payment, or apply during the litigation or arbitration.

　　Article 14 When a people’s court decides to suspend the payment under an independent guarantee, it must meet the following conditions at the same time:

　　(a) the evidence submitted by the applicant to stop payment proves that the existence of Article 12 of these Provisions is highly probable;

　　(2) In case of emergency, failure to take immediate measures to stop payment will cause irreparable damage to the legitimate rights and interests of the applicant for stopping payment;

　　(3) The applicant for stopping payment has provided a guarantee sufficient to make up for the losses that the respondent may suffer due to stopping payment.

　　The people’s court shall not support the request of the applicant to stop payment on the grounds that the beneficiary has breached the contract in the basic transaction.

　　If the issuer has paid in good faith under the independent guarantee issued in accordance with the instructions, the people’s court shall not order the payment of the independent guarantee that guarantees the issuer’s right of recourse.

　　Fifteenth losses caused by the wrong application for stopping payment, the people’s court shall support the request for compensation from the applicant for stopping payment.

　　Article 16 The people’s court shall make a written ruling within 48 hours after accepting the application for stopping payment. The ruling shall specify the applicant, the respondent and the third party, and include the facts preliminarily ascertained and the reasons for whether to approve the application for stopping payment.

　　If an order is made to suspend payment, it shall be executed immediately.

　　If the applicant for stopping payment fails to bring an independent letter of guarantee fraud dispute lawsuit or apply for arbitration according to law within 30 days after the order for stopping payment is made, the people’s court shall lift the order for stopping payment.

　　Article 17 If a party disagrees with the ruling made by the people’s court on the application for stopping payment, it may apply to the people’s court that made the ruling for reconsideration within 10 days from the date when the ruling is served. The execution of the ruling shall not be suspended during the reconsideration period.

　　The people’s court shall, within ten days after receiving the application for reconsideration, examine it and ask the parties concerned.

　　Article 18 The people’s court may examine and determine the relevant facts of the basic transaction according to the specific circumstances of Article 12 of the present Provisions advocated by the parties when trying the case of fraud disputes over independent letters of guarantee or handling the application for stopping payment.

　　Article 19 If an applicant for a letter of guarantee only sues the beneficiary in an independent letter of guarantee fraud lawsuit, the issuer and the indicator of the independent letter of guarantee may apply for participation as a third party, or be notified by the people’s court.

　　Article 20 If the people’s court, after hearing a dispute over the fraud of an independent letter of guarantee, can find that it constitutes fraud of an independent letter of guarantee beyond a reasonable doubt, and the third paragraph of Article 14 of these Provisions does not exist, it shall order the issuer to stop paying the requested amount under the independent letter of guarantee.

　　Article 21 Disputes between the beneficiary and the issuer arising from the independent letter of guarantee shall be under the jurisdiction of the people’s court at the domicile of the issuer or the defendant, unless the independent letter of guarantee states that it shall be under the jurisdiction of other courts or submitted for arbitration. If the parties claim to determine the competent court or submit it to arbitration according to the dispute settlement clause of the basic transaction contract, the people’s court will not support it.

　　Cases of fraud disputes over independent letters of guarantee shall be under the jurisdiction of the people’s court in the place where the issuer of the independent letter of guarantee whose payment is requested to be stopped or the defendant’s place of residence, unless the parties have agreed in writing to be under the jurisdiction of other courts or submitted to arbitration. If the parties claim to determine the competent court or submit it to arbitration according to the dispute settlement clause of the basic transaction contract or independent guarantee, the people’s court will not support it.

　　Article 22 If the applicable law is not specified in the foreign-related independent guarantee, and the issuer and the beneficiary have not reached an agreement on the applicable law before the conclusion of the debate in the court of first instance, the law of the issuer’s habitual residence shall apply to the disputes arising from the foreign-related independent guarantee between the issuer and the beneficiary; Where an independent letter of guarantee is issued by a legally registered branch of a financial institution, the laws of the place where the branch is registered shall apply.

　　If the parties fail to reach an agreement on the applicable law in the fraud dispute of foreign-related independent guarantee, the law of the issuer of the independent guarantee whose payment is requested to be stopped shall apply; Where an independent letter of guarantee is issued by a legally registered branch of a financial institution, the laws of the place where the branch is registered shall apply; If the parties have a common habitual residence, the law of the common habitual residence shall apply.

　　The procedures for stopping payment and preserving foreign-related independent letters of guarantee shall be governed by the laws of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　Article 23 If the parties agree to apply an independent letter of guarantee in domestic transactions, and one party claims that the agreement on the independence of the letter of guarantee is invalid on the grounds that the independent letter of guarantee has no foreign factors, the people’s court will not support it.

　　Article 24 The people’s court may take measures to freeze the deposit issued in accordance with the independent guarantee managed by the special account and handed over to the issuer, but it may not deduct it. When the money in the deposit account loses the function of opening a deposit, the people’s court may take deduction measures according to law.

　　If the issuer has fulfilled its external payment obligations, the people’s court shall, upon the application of the issuer, lift the freezing measures for the corresponding part of the deposit.

　　Twenty-fifth cases that have not been finalized after the implementation of these Provisions shall be applicable to these Provisions; These Provisions shall not apply to cases that have been finalized before the implementation of these Provisions, where the parties apply for retrial or the people’s court retries in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision.

　　Article 26 These Provisions shall come into force as of December 1, 2016.