The great ship can’t move forward without the guidance of navigation marks.
In December 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was held, which opened a magnificent tide of reform and opening up. In November 2013, facing the new situation and new tasks, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee sounded the clarion call for comprehensively deepening reform, and reform and opening up embarked on a new journey.
Five years ago, the tide of comprehensive deepening reform flooded China; Over the past five years, China’s total economic output has continuously jumped to a new level, and its comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness have been greatly improved.
Five years ago, comprehensively deepen the layout of reform proposals; In the past five years, the quality of China’s economic development has been steadily improved, the supply-side structural reform has been solidly promoted, and the transformation of old and new kinetic energy has been accelerated.
Five years ago, comprehensively deepen reform and draw a blueprint; In the past five years, China’s economic structure has undergone major changes, the basic role of consumption has been continuously enhanced, and the service industry has supported half of the country.
Focusing on making the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and giving better play to the role of the government, the overall reform is promoted and key breakthroughs are made to stimulate development momentum and innovation vitality, and the socialist market economic system is constantly improved. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we have comprehensively deepened the reform in the economic field, braving the wind and waves, tackling difficulties in a drastic way, solving many long-term unsolved problems, making many major events that we wanted to do in the past but failed to do, and injecting a steady stream of majestic power into China’s economic development.
Ask the market for vitality
With the continuous improvement of the understanding of market rules, China’s economy has raised new sails.
"Make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government". In the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform, which was deliberated and adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, this sentence aroused great concern all over the world. "It is a bright spot and a major theoretical innovation and breakthrough." Public opinion at home and abroad generally thinks so.
This is a rock-breaking stroke. The decisive role of market in allocating resources is clearly put forward, which shows that the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core is constantly improving its understanding of market laws.
This is a stroke of emancipating the mind. From the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China putting forward the "basic role" of the market to the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee establishing the "decisive role" of the market, the ideological leap shows great political courage and historical responsibility for unswervingly pushing forward the reform.
This is a stroke of outline. "Market rules guarantee fair competition, market prices provide correct signals and incentive mechanisms, and market competition promotes the survival of the fittest. The decisive role of the market in resource allocation cannot be replaced by other mechanisms. " Liu Shijin, deputy director of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Economic Commission, said.
Over the past five years, focusing on making the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and giving full play to the role of the government, we have comprehensively deepened reforms and insisted on giving vitality to the market to make China’s economy stronger and of higher quality.
— — The market plays a greater role, and reform makes the "invisible hand" more flexible.
Seven things to open the door, rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar tea. On January 1, 2017, a reform of "changing the Millennium monopoly system" — — The salt industry system reform started, abolishing the salt plan management and government pricing mechanism, liberalizing the prices of all salt products, and canceling the salt transportation permit … … A series of reform measures make the salt market vigorous, generate.
"In the past, many areas only had salt produced or operated by local enterprises. Now, many brands and categories of products can be seen in the market, and consumers have more choices." Li Yaoqiang, chairman of China Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd. said.
The price is "baton". With the comprehensive deepening of reform, "price barriers" have been broken, and the market regulation mechanism has become more effective. From 2012 to 2016, the degree of China’s price marketization increased from 94.33% to 97.01%. At present, 97% of the country’s goods have fully realized market-oriented supply and pricing.
— — Economic vitality is stronger, and reform has loosened the market and empowered enterprises.
"It’s convenient to submit the name review the first afternoon and get the business license the next day, and it’s done by mobile phone!" On March 16, 2018, Feng Shicong, co-founder of a technology startup company, got the 100 millionth business license in China at the Beijing Government Service Center.
From the implementation of "license before license" and "multi-license integration" to the implementation of "license separation" and "license reduction after license", the entry threshold for enterprises has been greatly reduced, which has greatly stimulated the vitality of micro-economy. At present, there are 58,000 new market players and 18,400 new enterprises in China, and the number of enterprises with 1,000 employees is 24.7, an increase of 117% compared with that before the reform of the commercial system.
The reform of state-owned enterprises has always been called a "tough bone". In the face of long-standing difficulties, the new round of state-owned enterprise reform aims at shortcomings, focuses on pain points and faces difficulties.
In August 2017, A-share listed company under China Unicom Group — — The mixed ownership reform plan of China United Network Communication Co., Ltd. was officially released. After the mixed reform, China Unicom Group’s shareholding in China Unicom decreased from 63.7% to 36.7%, and it is still a major shareholder but no longer in an absolute controlling position, realizing the mutual integration of different capitals and effective checks and balances of equity.
— — The quality of development is higher, and supply-side structural reforms lead the new normal of the economy.
Look at the city scenery from high altitude and take a few selfies; Robots can dance and tell stories to children, and remind you not to forget your umbrella when you go out … … With the appearance of DJI UAV and Ubisoft Alpha Robot, more and more people feel the new changes brought by high technology to their lives.
Speed shifting, structural optimization and power conversion have passed the test of climbing, the contradiction of insufficient and unbalanced development has become increasingly prominent, and the bottleneck of resources and environment has become increasingly tight, so China’s economy needs to focus on solving the problem of "good" development.
A profound change led by supply-side structural reform began to exert its strength: the production capacity went smoothly, with more than 170 million tons of steel production capacity and 800 million tons of coal production capacity withdrawing from the market; The effect of destocking is obvious, and the development of the real estate market is more stable; De-leverage is steady, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises continues to decline, and the upward trend of macro leverage ratio has been curbed; The cost reduction is immediate, and measures such as tax reduction and fee reduction in 2017 have reduced the burden on enterprises by over one trillion yuan; Make up for the shortcomings and continue to make efforts to promote the strategy of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and a number of major livelihood projects have been launched … … "Three to one, one drop and one supplement" is a fist, which opens up a vast world of high-quality economic development in China.
— — The government has better functions, and the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" promotes the self-revolution.
On December 25th, with the official announcement of the Negative List of Market Access (2018 Edition), China’s negative list system of market access entered a new stage of full implementation, and all market entities outside the list were "either forbidden or entered". With this list, no matter whether state-owned enterprises or private enterprises, whether domestic or foreign, whether large enterprises or small and medium-sized enterprises are treated equally, equality of rights, opportunities and rules can be achieved.
From the pilot projects in Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong in 2016, to the pilot projects in 15 provinces and cities in 2017, and to the full implementation of the negative list system for market access, "one list" has become an important symbol of the transformation of government functions, demonstrating China’s determination to build a unified and fair market rule and showing its courage to carry out reform and opening up to the end.
In the past five years, the government’s functions have undergone profound changes: in 2013, the the State Council department cancelled the decentralization of 334 administrative examination and approval matters, and decentralization became the "first move" to deepen reform; In 2014, we will strengthen the combination of release and management, and gradually improve the new supervision mechanism based on "double random and open" supervision, supplemented by key supervision and based on credit supervision; In 2015, the optimization of services was included, and a three-pronged and comprehensive pattern of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" was gradually formed … … According to the latest report released by the World Bank, the world ranking of China’s state-owned business environment rose to 46 in 2018, up 32 places from the previous year, among which the convenience of starting a business ranked 28, up 65 places from the previous year, which was the biggest increase since the reform of the commercial system.
adhere to problem oriented
The key point is to make precise efforts, promote the reform as a whole, make key breakthroughs, constantly gnaw down "hard bones" and continuously improve the socialist market economic system.
In the first 11 months of 2018, China’s utilization of foreign capital increased steadily, among which the utilization of foreign capital in high-tech manufacturing increased by 33.4%. Against the background of low global foreign direct investment, this report card is very eye-catching.
"China’s charm for foreign investment has not diminished, largely because of reform and opening up ‘ Facing the problem ’ Continuously improve the level of investment liberalization and facilitation, and provide foreign investors with a more stable, fair, transparent and predictable investment environment. " Sang Baichuan, a professor at the University of International Business and Economics, believes.
"Reform is forced by problems, and deepened by constantly solving problems", "Be good at finding the breakthrough point of reform from the focus of the masses and the difficulties of people’s lives" and "Reform should start from the areas that the masses most expect and from the most prominent problems that restrict economic and social development" … … In the past five years since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, adhering to the problem orientation and daring to tackle "hard bones" is a distinctive feature of economic reform.
Aiming at institutional and institutional obstacles, the reform focuses on the depth of solving problems — —
On March 26, 2018, China’s first international futures product — — Crude oil futures are traded on the Shanghai International Energy Exchange Center in Pudong.
The listing of crude oil futures is helpful to straighten out the price system of resource commodities in China and optimize the price formation mechanism of related commodities. In the past five years, the competitive links of oil, natural gas, salt industry and other industries and the market access of public infrastructure and public services have been liberalized, and private capital has entered more fields; Improve the property rights protection system and promote the establishment of open, transparent and equal market rules; Comprehensively push forward the pilot reform of the camp, implement the resource tax reform, and smoothly implement the reform of the tax collection and management system; Marketization of interest rate and exchange rate and implementation of deposit insurance system & HELIP; … A series of reforms based on the long-term and focusing on improving the system and mechanism have been intensively unveiled, expanding more space for the market.
Resolving prominent contradictions and focusing on solving problems in reform — —
The more difficult and dangerous it is, the more difficult it is to get through.
In-depth exploration, bold attempt and experience replication … … In the past five years, the construction of China’s Pilot Free Trade Zone has been solidly promoted, and the number has reached 12. The Pilot Free Trade Zone has tried first in the fields of investment, trade, and transformation of government functions. A batch of institutional innovations have gone from here to the whole country and become a new highland for reform and opening up in the new era.
"The free trade zone allows enterprises to stand at the forefront of opening up and release new reform dividends to enterprises. We cannot miss this opportunity." Su Liancai, chairman of Hebei Langfang Chapman Technology Development Co., Ltd. said. In September 2018, Chapman settled the 100,000-square-foot smart armored door project in Yingkou Free Trade Zone, Liaoning Province. According to reports, the Yingkou area of the Pilot Free Trade Zone has implemented "one window for all", and the time for enterprises to handle relevant licenses has been shortened from 50 days to 2 days.
In the past five years, the reform has advanced to the "deep water area", and many reforms that need to "risk the beach" have continued to intensify. In 2018, the first batch of 12 provincial-level management enterprises in Hebei completed the decoupling and handover, marking that the centralized and unified supervision of operating state-owned assets in Hebei Province officially entered the substantive operation stage; The newly established state-owned capital investment company in Guangdong has launched a pilot project to implement more market-oriented management selection and employment mechanisms and employee incentive mechanisms.
Ensure that the policy is effective, and the reform pays attention to the accuracy of solving problems — —
Xiangyun County is one of the 10 core sericulture base counties in Yunnan Province, and many local people take planting mulberry and raising silkworm as their main source of income. However, the silkworm farmers in this county once suffered from the embarrassment of having cocoons but not selling them at a high price because of the "qualification for purchasing fresh cocoons".
In April 2016, the national cocoon purchase method was fully liberalized. After the cancellation of the "qualification for purchasing fresh cocoons", the previous market blockade of fresh cocoons was broken, and foreign enterprises could purchase fresh cocoons in their producing areas. In 2016, the average purchase price of fresh cocoons in Xiangyun County and other places increased from 35.69 yuan per kilogram before cancellation to 43.15 yuan.
"Carry out ‘ One-time submission of materials ’ System ""development ‘ Only papers, titles and academic qualifications ’ Centralized problem cleaning "and" classified evaluation of scientific research project performance "… … In July 2018, the "Notice on Several Measures to Optimize Scientific Research Management and Improve Scientific Research Performance" was issued, which accurately focused on various problems that plagued Chinese researchers, expanded the independent control of personnel and property of researchers, and "relaxed the burden" for scientific research work. On the premise of trust, highlighting problem orientation and adhering to the combination of management and control, the blocking points and pain points of scientific and technological innovation are expected to be further solved.
People-centered
Let the people share the fruits of reform and opening up, and have more, more direct and more real sense of happiness and security.
Constantly satisfying people’s yearning for a better life is the unswerving goal of reform.
At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was proposed that the fruits of development should be more fair and benefit all the people. In the past five years, comprehensively deepening reform has adhered to the people-centered, and the people have really touched the fruits of reform in the days of crossing the United States.
— — Take measures at the same time, bulging your pockets.
"Tax cuts are equivalent to wage increases! Family members are drying payrolls in the WeChat group, ranging from one or two thousand yuan to several hundred yuan, and the money they get is more than in the past! " Wu Xiaojun, a retired teacher in hegang, Heilongjiang Province, said. In October 2018, the tax threshold was raised from 3,500 yuan to 5,000 yuan. According to State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China data, in the first month of personal income tax reform, the national personal income tax was reduced by 31.6 billion yuan.
These days, Wu Xiaojun’s family WeChat group has been busy again because of individual taxes. "What is my mother’s ID number?" "What is the ratio of how many brothers and sisters support the elderly?" From January 1, 2019, a special additional deduction for personal income tax will be implemented, and the whole family will discuss "online" how to declare and deduct a tax.
"Six special additional deductions, such as children’s education, continuing education, serious illness medical care, housing loan interest, housing rent, and support for the elderly, are closely related to the vital interests of the people. The individual tax reform embodies the people-centered concept." Zhang Lianqi, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, said.
In the past five years, the employment rice bowl has become more stable, the number of poor people has decreased, and the income of residents has increased … … There are many highlights in the answers to the people’s "money bags":
In the first 11 months of 2018, there were 12.93 million new jobs in cities and towns nationwide, which is expected to provide jobs for more than 13 million people for the sixth consecutive year since 2013, creating an "employment miracle" for a country with a population base of nearly 1.4 billion.
2013— In 2017, the number of rural poor people nationwide decreased by 68.53 million. The incidence of poverty decreased from 10.2% at the end of 2012 to 3.1% in 2017, with a cumulative decrease of 7.1 percentage points, which is a "China miracle" in the history of human poverty reduction.
In the first three quarters of 2018, the actual growth rate of per capita disposable income of national residents was 0.4 percentage points faster than that of per capita GDP. Since 2013, the growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents has always outperformed the growth rate of per capita GDP, and this momentum is expected to continue.
— — Transformation and upgrading, consumption is booming.
"In recent years, the wage increase has been stable. Since 2013, I have bought health and critical illness insurance for the whole family, with an annual income of 60,000 yuan. Last year, it cost 20,000 yuan to change home appliances, and this year, a family traveling abroad spent 30,000 yuan. " Zhang Song, a resident of Qinghe Street in Haidian District, Beijing, calculated the major expenditures in recent years. "Spending money is to let the family enjoy a better life."
In the first three quarters of 2018, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 14,281 yuan, a nominal increase of 8.5% over the same period of the previous year; After deducting the price factor, the real growth rate was 6.3%, and the nominal growth rate and real growth rate were 1.0 and 0.4 percentage points higher than the same period of last year.
"In the past, the days were tight, and it was necessary to calculate a piece of candy for children." Chen Guangjun, a farmer in Honghu Village, Guantan Town, Xuyi County, Huai ‘an City, Jiangsu Province, has a disabled wife, and her two children are still studying at home, relying only on 7 mu of grain fields to maintain their lives. In 2017, with the help of the village, Chen Guangjun earned 150,000 yuan a year by contracting paddy fields for "shrimp-rice symbiosis" farming. "Crayfish are selling well this year, and they can earn tens of thousands more. I plan to buy a used car and it is more convenient to take my wife and children out. " Chen Guangjun said.
The consumption expenditure of rural residents is growing faster than that of urban residents. In the first three quarters, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents nationwide was 19,014 yuan, an increase of 6.5%; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 8,538 yuan, an increase of 12%. The growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents is 5.5 percentage points faster than that of urban residents.
2013— In 2017, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China has always maintained a double-digit growth. Consumption has become the first driving force of economic growth, giving full play to the role of "stabilizer" and "ballast stone". At the same time, the trend of consumption upgrading is obvious, and consumption has become a "kaleidoscope" to enrich the lives of urban and rural residents.
Commodities are more abundant. There are more and more commodities on the market that can meet the needs of residents’ consumption upgrading. At the same time, cross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, and consumers can "buy the world" without leaving home. In November 2018, China successfully held the first China International Import Expo, further expanding the supply of high-end consumer goods.
Services are more diverse. In recent years, catering revenue has grown faster than retail sales, and the turnover of the accommodation industry has also increased rapidly. The box office of movies has reached record highs and the number of outbound tourists has increased significantly. Residents’ expenditure on education, culture, entertainment and medical care has obviously accelerated.
In September 2018, "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Improving the System and Mechanism of Promoting Consumption to Further Stimulate Residents’ Consumption Potential" was released, pointing to the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict consumption expansion and upgrading, and continuously stimulating residents’ consumption potential.
"With the deepening of reform, producers pay more attention to the new demand of consumption, and compete to provide high-quality products and intimate services, so that consumers can not only buy them, but also buy them well, buy them well and have a sense of gain." Zhao Ping, director of the International Trade Research Department of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said.
— — Build a strong guarantee and the days will be on fire.
"I used to cook in the corridor, but now the new house is spacious and bright." In October 2018, 65-year-old Ma Chengjuan moved into Jinke Xingchen Community, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, and was deeply impressed by the changes in life after the shantytown renovation and relocation.
In the first November of 2018, 6.16 million sets of shed reform have been started nationwide. In the past five years, thousands of families have bid farewell to "you have one room, I have one room, and there is black smoke in the tube-shaped building" and ushered in "small high-rise buildings, elevator rooms, and thousands of buildings in urban and rural areas".
One reform after another affects the life of thousands of families. In the past five years, social endowment insurance has covered more than 900 million people, and basic medical insurance has covered 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social security network in the world. Behind the stronger and denser safety net is the increase in people’s livelihood expenditure in the public budget. 2012— In 2016, the proportion of social security and employment, health care and family planning, education, urban and rural communities and housing security in the general public budget expenditure increased from 43.4% to 46.9%, an increase of 3.5 percentage points.
"Reform and opening up have gone through thousands of waters in Qian Shan, but we still need to wade through mountains and rivers. The mission before the whole party and the people of all nationalities is more glorious, the task is more arduous, the challenge is more severe, and the work is greater." At the celebration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader issued a "mobilization order" to forge ahead courageously on the new journey of reform and opening-up in the new era.
Looking back, the reform process is magnificent; Looking ahead, the road to reform has a long way to go. In the new era of Qian Fan’s competitive development, the road of high-quality development of China’s economy will be wider and wider if we continue to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, and carry out the reform to the end! (Reporter Xu Zhifeng Wu Qiuyu Wang Wei Lin Lizhen)
