■ Zheng Bingwen
　　
　　The issue of housing provident fund retention and abolition has once again become a hot topic in society. Some people think that the housing provident fund system is unfair, and the housing provident fund has completed its historical mission. In order to reduce the burden on enterprises, it is advocated to abolish the housing provident fund.
　　
　　The author believes that the housing provident fund system still has the value of existence at present and should continue to be retained.
　　
　　Institutional Efficiency and Equity of Housing Provident Fund
　　
　　From the 2018 Annual Report of National Housing Provident Fund published by official website, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, we can have a bird’s eye view of the institutional efficiency and fairness of housing provident fund, and have a general understanding of the system. According to the "annual report" of the provident fund, the institutional efficiency of the provident fund can be summarized into four characteristics, and the institutional fairness can be summarized into four characteristics. First look at the four institutional efficiency characteristics of housing provident fund.
　　
　　First, the benefit rate is relatively high.Since the establishment of the provident fund system, a total of 33.35 million individual housing loans (including two sets of loans with more than two times) have been issued, of which one third are dual employees, and a total of about 55 million people have benefited. Among the 144 million paid-in employees, 38% have successfully become housing lenders. The essence of the housing provident fund system is a mutual aid system. As a mutual aid system, 38% of its members can benefit, which is not low.
　　
　　Second, the mortgage level is appropriate and effective.In 2018, 2.53 million individual housing loans were issued, with an amount of 1.02 trillion yuan. On average, each mortgage was about 400,000 yuan. Paying down payment in second-and third-tier cities can basically solve the loan, and there is no need to combine commercial loans.
　　
　　Third, reduce the heavy interest burden for employees.The interest rate of provident fund loans is low, 3.25% for more than five years, which is 1.65&mdash lower than the benchmark interest rate of commercial individual housing loans; 2 percentage points. The mortgage issued in 2018 can save interest expenses of 202 billion yuan for loan employees, and the average loan can save interest expenses of 80,000 yuan if calculated in 10 years. For more than 20 years, the provident fund system has reduced the interest burden of trillions of yuan for employees, which is the vitality of the provident fund system.
　　
　　Fourth, the administrative cost comes entirely from the extracted management fee.There are 342 provident fund management centers in China with 3,439 service outlets, and there are 44,000 employees in the country, 40% of whom are non-employees. In 2018, the management fee was 11.7 billion yuan, and the comprehensive management cost per 100 million yuan of assets was 210,000 yuan, including salaries and bonuses of all employees, office space, office equipment and official expenses. The whole provident fund system is a self-supporting system. In the national contributory welfare system, such as the social insurance system and even the National Social Security Fund Council, all its operating and management costs (staff salaries and office equipment, etc.) come from financial funds, while the management costs of the housing provident fund system are completely self-digested, which is very rare in China’s current contributory welfare system.
　　
　　Let’s take a look at the four institutional fairness characteristics of the housing provident fund from the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund.
　　
　　First, the coverage has gradually expanded.By 2018, the number of employees paid into the provident fund was 144 million, which is a large coverage in China’s contributory welfare system. For example, in a comparable social insurance system, except for medical care and old-age care, unemployment insurance covers 196 million people and maternity insurance covers 204 million people, and they are more compulsory than housing provident fund. Other payment systems cover a small number of people, for example, enterprise annuities cover less than 24 million people.
　　
　　Second, the structure of paid employees is dominated by formal sector employment.Among the 144 million employees, 31% are from government agencies and institutions, 20% from state-owned enterprises, 31% from private enterprises and 8% from foreign capital, and the remaining 10% are non-governmental, collective enterprises and other types of units. There are narrow and broad definitions of formal sector employment in China. The narrow definition refers to urban corporate institutions and urban collective units, which employ 170 million people. In a broad sense, we should also add 140 million urban private employees, that is, employees of private enterprises whose business address is located above Chengguan Town in the county. Unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and provident fund mainly cover employees in the formal sector in a narrow sense.
　　
　　Third, the system is very transparent.The information disclosure and transparency of the housing provident fund system have always been better. In 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the People’s Bank of China jointly issued the Notice on Improving the Information Disclosure System of Housing Provident Fund (J.J. [2015] No.26). In addition, the Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund jointly released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank to the whole society every year has complete information and is very transparent. For example, the proportion of paid employees according to the nature of the unit (civil servants, institutions, state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, etc.), the withdrawal of provident fund by type (reasons for withdrawal, number of people, proportional amount), various types of loans (housing type, area, number of units, etc.), pilot loans to support the construction of affordable housing, business revenue and expenditure and value-added income, distribution of housing loans and value-added income in various provinces, asset risk, etc.
　　
　　Fourthly, housing provident fund, as a mutual fund, has played three spillover effects on housing construction in China.One is to occupy a place in the housing market. For example, in 2018, the housing consumption category of housing provident fund, personal housing loans and discount loans for public developers totaled 2.2 trillion yuan (including nearly half of the repayment of loan principal and interest), accounting for 17% of the national commercial housing sales and 16% in the personal housing loan market. Another example is to support loan workers to purchase and build housing area of 287 million square meters, accounting for 19% of the national commercial housing sales area. Second, it plays an obvious role in the rental market and housing repair market. The provident fund has provided support to employees who have no need to buy a house for the time being in their needs of renting and repairing houses. The withdrawal amount of 7.66 million rented employees has reached 73 billion yuan, and the per capita annual withdrawal amount is 10,000 yuan. Third, it plays a huge role in the construction of affordable housing. The housing provident fund provides loan support for affordable housing construction projects. By the end of 2018, a total of 87.215 billion yuan of loans had been issued to 373 pilot projects for affordable housing construction. In addition, the value-added income of some housing accumulation funds also provided supplementary funds for the construction of urban public rental housing (low-rent housing), and a total of 336.5 billion yuan was withdrawn from the construction of public rental housing. For another example, the Beijing Housing Provident Fund has so far issued 36 project loans with a loan amount of 20.1 billion yuan and a construction area of 940,000 square meters, potentially solving the housing difficulties of low-and middle-income workers’ families by more than 90,000 households.
　　
　　The mission of housing provident fund is not completely over.
　　
　　From the perspectives of efficiency and fairness, the above-mentioned provident fund system has performed well in many contributory welfare systems, at least not very badly, which has played a role in the transformation of housing system and solving the housing difficulties of employees. In the coming period, the historical mission of housing provident fund has not yet ended, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
　　
　　First, from the demand side, housing provident fund can also play a certain role.In the third-and fourth-tier cities, the role of alleviating housing difficulties for working-class people is very obvious. The most convincing is the mortgage rate, that is, the ratio of the balance of personal housing loans to the balance of housing provident fund deposits at the end of the year. For example, most provinces in the central and western regions have mortgage rates of 70% to 80%, and only Xizang (68%), Qinghai (69%) and Xinjiang Construction Corps (38%) are below 70%. Almost all first-and second-tier cities are above 85%, for example, Beijing is 95%, Shanghai is 96%, Tianjin is almost 100%, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and Guizhou are above 95%. What’s important is that the housing prices in first-and second-tier cities are high, and the employees employed by government agencies and institutions every year are under great pressure to buy houses. These groups are all admitted through the "national examination", and they undertake the function of running the state machine. In the front line of scientific research and teaching, the marginal utility of housing provident fund is the highest, and in second-and third-tier cities, they can completely rely on provident fund to solve the problem of buying houses. If the provident fund is abolished, it means that there are great obstacles for the central ministries or some departments to recruit outstanding talents.
　　
　　Second, from the pattern of initial income distribution in China, retaining the provident fund can increase the share of labor income.As we all know, the share of labor income is too low in China’s primary income distribution pattern. Since the reform and opening up, the index of labor income share has fluctuated, from over 60% in the 1990s to below 50% before the international financial crisis in 2008, and then it has rebounded. It has improved in the past 10 years, but it is 15 to 20 percentage points lower than developed countries on average, and even lower than some developing countries.
　　
　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "Adhere to the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity". The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era just released on May 18, 2020 once again pointed out: "Increase the labor remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, realize the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity."
　　
　　From the perspective of implementing the central spirit, the provident fund system is a good thing. The idea of canceling the provident fund is mainly for the sake of reducing the burden on enterprises, and the starting point is also good, but the crux of the problem lies in the fact that the focus should be on reducing taxes and social security premiums. China’s tax revenue mainly comes from indirect taxes, and direct taxes only account for about 10%. In the long run, we should gradually focus on direct taxes, but if the share of labor income is always too low, it will always be empty talk.
　　
　　Third, from the perspective of employees’ sense of acquisition, the effect of provident fund is very obvious.When they paid the provident fund, the people never complained that the base was too high and the proportion was too high. They complained that the social security premium rate and base were too high. The phenomenon of "evasion" of social security for ordinary people and enterprises is very serious, while almost no one and enterprises "evade" the provident fund! Why? Because the "tax wedge" of the provident fund is "zero", 100% of it becomes the disposable income of employees and their families, and its private attribute is very obvious. Excluding the provident fund, the tax wedge of social security contributions (including payroll tax) in China is as high as 30.81%, which is exactly equal to the average of OECD countries. In contrast, the tax wedge of Denmark, a Nordic welfare country, is only 30.99%, which is only a little higher than that of China. There are many developed countries with lower tax wedge than ours, such as Japan (29.64%), Australia (26.96%), Britain (26.51%), Luxembourg (26.29%), Ireland (24.66%), Canada (24.12%) and the United States (23.95%).
　　
　　Importantly, in the social security payment of individuals and enterprises, the tax wedge of enterprise payment is as high as 19.22%, and the tax wedge of individual payment and individual tax is 6.41% and 5.19% respectively. That is to say, in the structure of tax wedge, the social security payment of enterprises accounts for as high as 62.36% (individual payment is 20.79%, individual tax is 16.85%). Such a large tax wedge, with Of course, enterprises can evade fees "justifiably". Employees don’t get benefits, and they don’t have a sense of gain. Of course, they are willing to "cooperate" with enterprises to evade fees. Therefore, it is an unspoken rule that employees and enterprises "evade" social security fees together, and it is the social security system that ultimately "suffers". This is the main reason why paying provident fund is more popular than paying social security fees.
　　
　　Fourth, the low-and middle-income borrowers of the provident fund account for 95%, which is especially popular in poor areas.One of the main reasons for advocating the abolition of provident fund is that the system is unfair and the poor subsidize the rich. Of the 2.53 million mortgages of 1 trillion yuan issued in 2018, 95% were low-and middle-income borrowers, and high-income earners only accounted for 5%. According to the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund, the low-middle income here means that the income is 3 times lower than the average wage of the local society last year, and the high income means that the income is 3 times higher than the average wage of the local society last year (inclusive). Look at age and housing purchase: 76% of borrowers are under 40 years old, 89% buy a building area of less than 144 square meters, and the first set accounts for 85%. Obviously, the above data show that buyers are basically just in need, and the provident fund system really provides protection and support for low-and middle-income groups to buy houses.
　　
　　Let’s use the deposit base of several typical poverty-stricken areas in 2017 to see their attitudes and behaviors towards the provident fund (the data are all from their housing provident fund report released in official website): the deposit base of Dingxi in Gansu is 101% of its social average wage, Baise in Guangxi is 110% of its social average wage, and Zhangye in Gansu has the highest actual deposit base, which is 113% of its social average wage. This shows that the deposit base of employees in poverty-stricken areas is very "real", even exceeding the local social wage, because they have benefited.
　　
　　Fifth, the number of employees who have paid in is increasing, especially in private enterprises.Let’s look at the fairness between "within the system" and "outside the system". In real life, this pair of concepts can be understood in two ways. One means that institutions and state-owned enterprises are regarded as "within the system", while others are regarded as "outside the system". Among the 144 million paid-in employees, there are 44.52 million in government institutions and 29.28 million in state-owned enterprises, totaling 73.8 million, which shows that the number of paid-in employees in the "system" is basically in a "saturated" state; Another understanding is that "within the system" refers to the formal employment sector, "outside the system" refers to the informal employment sector, and the formal employment sector has broad and narrow meanings. With government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises basically saturated, private enterprises will become the main force to participate in the provident fund at present and in the future. For example, in 2018, there were 19.9 million new accounts opened in the provident fund, of which private enterprises accounted for 50% (9.94 million), which shows that the proportion of private enterprises will gradually increase in the process of expanding coverage in the future. In the formal employment group, it is unfair to employees who have not participated in the provident fund, but the expansion of coverage needs a process. The state has issued documents many times to expand the coverage of the provident fund, which requires the joint efforts of employers, employees and the whole society, and the coverage of social insurance has also gone through such a process. For example,The basic old-age insurance for employees of urban enterprises covered only 136 million people 20 years ago, and reached 967 million in 2019. However, if the provident fund is abolished, the employees who have not joined and those who have joined will lose their opportunities forever. As long as this system exists, opportunities will exist.
　　
　　Main problems and reform suggestions of housing provident fund system
　　
　　The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era, which was just released on March 18th, 2020, pointed out: "Reform the housing provident fund system".
　　
　　The author believes that this is the most authoritative and latest tone of the central government on housing provident fund, and its attitude is very clear, that is "reform", not "cancellation", and I fully agree with it. Since the central government’s attitude is still clear, if we want to reform, we should first make clear what the problems are in the provident fund, and then discuss what the solution is, not whether to cancel it, but whether to reform it. There may be many problems with the provident fund, for example, whether older employees who have no need to buy houses have the right to quit, whether individual employees have the right to choose the proportion of contributions within the upper limit, and so on.
　　
　　However, there have been two biggest problems with the housing provident fund: First, the investment method is single and the rate of return is too low. For example, the value-added rate of return in 2018 is only 1.56%; The direct result of the low value-added rate of return is that the deposit interest paid by employees is too low, and the interest is only calculated at 1.5%. If calculated according to the market-oriented investment rate of return, the loss is huge. Take the balance of 802.3 billion yuan in 2018 as an example. If it is entrusted to the National Social Security Fund Council for investment and the rate of return is assumed to be 6%, the interest income this year will be as high as 28 billion. Therefore, after more than 20 years, the interest loss will be several hundred billion yuan. For individual employees, the interest rate of 1.5% is far from outperforming the inflation rate, and the risk of depreciation is very obvious. The funds deposited in the account are shrinking every year; The interest rate of 1.5% is at least 10 percentage points lower than the social average wage growth rate, resulting in "welfare loss" doubling every few years. In the past 22 years, the unit proportional payment is almost equivalent to "nothing". In the past 22 years, the wage growth rate and population growth rate have exceeded 14%, which is called "biological rate of return" and "internal rate of return" (we can roughly understand it as actual purchasing power). Minus the interest-bearing level of 1.5%, the annual "welfare loss" will be at least 12%. After 22 years, the welfare loss of employees will be astronomical.From the perspective of the whole society, this is a huge loss of social welfare and a "transfer" of social wealth. The second problem is that the surplus funds can’t be used in the whole country between the areas with low overall planning level and high loan ratio (for example, 99.5% in Tianjin) and the areas with low loan ratio (for example, 78% in Qinghai). From the perspective of the whole society, the low level of fund management and regional separatism reduce the efficiency of "mutual assistance" of surplus funds.
　　
　　In view of the above analysis, there are problems in the provident fund system, but we should not give up eating because of choking. We should solve the problems in the provident fund as soon as possible, and we should not turn a blind eye to them. Otherwise, we will be irresponsible to the paid employees. From a certain point of view, we will "fatten" the state-owned banks with low-priced and high-quality assets. Since some scholars have put forward a motion to cancel the provident fund, policy makers should act as soon as possible with a sense of urgency and a high sense of responsibility for the people’s interests, so as not to let a good livelihood system become a "soft rib" for a long time. In order to get rid of the above two main disadvantages, the author puts forward four reform ideas or four reform options.
　　
　　First, expand the function and optimize the structure without changing the nature of the current administrative institution of the housing provident fund center.This is an improved scheme, the easiest and most convenient scheme, and the existing system and mechanism will not be changed. The areas of "improvement" include: in the investment system, we can adopt the mode that the basic old-age insurance fund for urban workers entrusts the National Social Security Fund Council to invest, and the provinces sign contracts with the National Social Security Fund Council respectively and agree on specific matters such as investment return rate, and all the real investment income is distributed to the paid employees as interest. In terms of business scope, provident fund centers in first-and second-tier cities are allowed to use value-added income and other funds to directly invest in and hold rental housing, and support paid employees to solve housing problems through leasing; Expand the coverage of deposits to cover urban migrant workers and even freelancers; At the level of overall planning, it will be promoted to national overall planning, and the mutual integration of funds between cities will be strengthened. Deposited employees can continue to deposit in different places, extract and use in different places, and lend; Establish a new loan allocation mechanism in the use of extraction, tilt towards low-and middle-income groups, and increase support for rental housing; Improve the efficiency in the operation mechanism and simplify the procedures for extraction and use; Strengthen the publicity according to law in supervision and regularly disclose information.
　　
　　Second, the national housing provident fund management company, a policy-based non-bank financial institution with independent legal person, was reorganized and established (the idea of "Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac" in the United States).The national housing provident fund management company issues bonds and securities in the capital market with national credit, expands the fund pool, and provides liquidity support and policy guarantee for ordinary people to use the housing provident fund; In terms of the use of funds, the National Housing Provident Fund Management Company does not directly issue loans, but supports the basic housing needs of paid employees by providing low-interest and long-term credit guarantees for paid employees. After being guaranteed by the provident fund management company, paid employees can choose any provident fund center and commercial bank to obtain loans. This method can promote the competition between provident fund centers and commercial banks, and improve the efficiency and service level of housing loans for paid employees. At the same time, the national housing provident fund management company provides funds for the provident fund centers and commercial banks by purchasing their mortgage assets in bulk. In the first-and second-tier cities with high housing prices, we will support the construction and operation of rental housing through loans or direct investment, and promote "both rent and purchase". Establish a national overall planning mechanism and a national housing provident fund fund fund management platform to realize national deposit and withdrawal and interbank lending; In terms of operation mechanism and supervision mechanism, it operates in the way of corporate governance structure of financial institutions and accepts supervision.
　　
　　Thirdly, the policy-oriented National Housing Bank was reorganized and established (the idea of China Postal Savings Bank).Based on the model of housing savings banks in developed countries, the national provident fund center will be reorganized into a unified national independent legal person financial institution, and the provincial and municipal provident fund centers will be reorganized into branches of the National Housing Bank, and bonds and securities will be issued in the capital market with national credit; Carry out policy-based housing savings business, establish a differential credit mechanism, and provide more favorable housing financial support to low-and middle-income groups, which can be deposited and connected in different places, and used and loaned in different places; Issue project loans to rental housing construction. In the operation mechanism, it operates according to the corporate governance structure of modern financial institutions, and establishes an incentive mechanism to promote efficiency and risk control; According to the regulatory mechanism of policy finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible for the formulation and supervision of housing policy rules, while the central bank and the China Banking Regulatory Commission are responsible for the formulation and supervision of banking regulatory rules.
　　
　　Fourth, merge with enterprise annuity and integrate it into a comprehensive provident fund system (the idea of Singapore Central Provident Fund).Considering the aging trend, following the principle of life cycle, taking into account the capital needs of urban residents in housing and pension, a unified personal provident fund account will be established throughout the country. According to the housing and pension, two sub-accounts are set up. The housing account implements "low deposit and low loan", and the funds in the housing account can be extracted for renting or buying housing. When employees have no provident fund loans or housing consumption needs, the funds in the housing account are transferred to the pension account. Set up a policy-based non-bank financial institution to be responsible for the investment and operation of the comprehensive provident fund pool, and play the dual role of the current housing provident fund and enterprise annuity.
　　
　　(The author is a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences)
　　
　　

　　BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance recently issued the Guiding Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Long-term Mechanism of Ecological Compensation and Protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The guiding opinions are clear, so that places that protect the environment will not suffer, benefit and gain more, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of city and county governments to strengthen ecological construction, and protect the ecological environment with the system.

　　The guiding opinions are clear. The central government will strengthen the design of ecological compensation and protection system in the Yangtze River basin, improve the transfer payment method, increase support, and establish and improve the incentive and guidance mechanism. Local governments should take effective measures to actively promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism for ecological compensation and protection in neighboring provinces and the Yangtze River Basin within the province.

　　The guidance is clear, focusing on the improvement of ecological environment quality, implementing accurate assessment according to the types and importance of ecological functions, and strengthening the linkage mechanism between fund allocation and ecological protection effectiveness. Let the places that protect the environment not suffer, benefit and gain more, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of city and county governments to strengthen ecological construction, and protect the ecological environment with the system.

　　The guiding opinions put forward that by coordinating general transfer payments and related special transfer payments, an incentive and guidance mechanism should be established, and the financial investment in ecological compensation and protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt should be significantly increased.

　　By 2020, the diversified investment mechanism for the protection and governance of the Yangtze River Basin will be more perfect, the working pattern of coordinated governance will be more perfect, and the central government’s ecological compensation benefits between local and upstream and downstream basins will be more prominent, providing important financial support and institutional guarantee for the ecological civilization construction and regional coordinated development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　The guidance proposes to increase special support for the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In terms of supporting the development of forest resources, natural forest cutting and management, wetland protection, ecological migration, energy conservation and environmental protection, the central government will focus on the Yangtze River Economic Belt through forestry reform and development funds, forestry ecological protection and restoration funds, and energy conservation and emission reduction subsidies.

　　Taking the implementation of major ecological restoration projects as a priority option to promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the central government will increase its support for the construction of shelter forest system, soil erosion and rocky desertification control in karst areas.

　　The guidance requires local finance to do a good job in implementation. Provincial financial departments should improve the management methods of general transfer payment funds such as provincial balance and key ecological function areas, and continuously increase support for the Yangtze River, runoff areas and key water source areas.

　　Financial departments at all levels below the provincial level should strengthen the management of special transfer payment funds related to ecological and environmental protection, guide all responsible departments to coordinate policy objectives, clarify tasks and responsibilities, coordinate management methods, standardize performance appraisal, and form a joint force to significantly increase investment in ecological protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　The guidance requires that local finance explore the establishment of a special transfer payment fund integration mechanism for ecological protection and governance in the Yangtze River Basin. For the carry-over funds of relevant central special transfer payments, local governments can formulate stricter measures for fund pooling and effectively improve the efficiency in the use of financial funds.

　　Cctv newsIn order to remind users to correctly purchase and use gas appliances, prevent and resolve gas safety risks, and effectively protect people’s lives and property safety, the General Administration of Market Supervision issued four types of gas appliances product quality and safety risk tips, including gas cookers, connecting hoses for gas, pressure regulators for bottled liquefied petroleum gas, and combustible gas detectors.

　　The market supervision department will focus on industrial products with large safety risks, strengthen quality and safety supervision, keep the bottom line of product quality and safety, and ensure high-quality development with high-level safety.

Risk warning of gas cooker

Gas cookers are gas burning appliances that directly heat cooking utensils with fire, among which domestic gas cookers are compulsory certified products (CCC certified products). Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some domestic gas cookers have potential risks in terms of heat load, carbon monoxide concentration in dry flue gas (indoor type) and gas conduit.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Pay attention to the product nameplate when purchasing, and confirm whether the product name and model, the type of gas used, the rated gas supply pressure, the rated heat load and other information are complete. Pay attention to check whether there is CCC certification mark for domestic gas stoves.

2. The product structure of gas cookers with different gas sources is different, and the appropriate products should be selected according to the types of gas sources.

3. Pay attention to check whether there is a flameout protection device.

4. Gas cookers should be installed by professionals in strict accordance with the requirements of the manual and relevant regulations.

5. Regularly clean the places that are easy to be blocked, such as the fire cover and nozzle, so as to keep the gas cooker in the best combustion condition. When cleaning, try not to disassemble the burner components as much as possible, and be careful not to damage the gas pipeline, so as not to cause gas leakage accidents.

6. The national mandatory standards stipulate that the life of household gas cookers should be 8 years from the date of sale, and the gas cookers that exceed the service life should be replaced in time.

7. Encourage users to install and use gas smart meters, gas leakage safety protection devices, self-closing valves, independent smoke fire detectors, combustible gas detection alarms and other protection devices to actively prevent gas leakage risks.

8 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of connecting hose for gas

The connecting hose for gas is an important part of the connecting pipeline of gas appliances or the pressure regulator of bottled liquefied petroleum gas. The commonly used ones are stainless steel corrugated hose, rubber and plastic hose, metal-coated hose, etc. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some connecting hoses for gas have potential risks in terms of flexibility, hose length, tensile strength and hose joint thread.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Stainless steel corrugated hose and metal-coated hose have good bending performance, strength, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, which can effectively prevent external damage or insect bites.

2. Users should purchase products with product name, specification, manufacturer’s name, product standard number and other information; For rubber and plastic hoses, the above information, production date and service life should be marked every 300mm or on a single hose.

3. When using stainless steel corrugated hose, we should pay attention to whether the use and connection form of hose are consistent with gas appliances; When using rubber and plastic hoses, clamps should be used to fix them at the joints at both ends.

4. Rubber and plastic hoses should be installed below the height of the stove surface, away from the flame, so as to avoid flame baking accelerating the aging of hoses; The service length shall not exceed 2m, and it shall not cross walls, ceilings, floors, doors and windows, and it shall not be used under bending, stretching, torsion and compression.

5. Gas connecting hoses should be inspected and replaced regularly, especially rubber and plastic hoses that are found to be hardened, aged, cracked and loose or exceed the service life (the service life stipulated by national mandatory standards is not more than 3 years), and should be replaced in time.

6 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of pressure regulator for bottled liquefied petroleum gas

The pressure regulator for bottled liquefied petroleum gas (hereinafter referred to as the pressure regulator) is an accessory for burning appliances after reducing the high pressure of liquefied petroleum gas in gas cylinders to a fixed low pressure. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some voltage regulators have potential risks in product structure (with adjustable function) and outlet pressure.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. According to the national mandatory standards, the rated outlet pressures of household regulators and commercial regulators are 2.8kPa and 2.8kPa/5.0kPa respectively, and the outlet pressure of each regulator is fixed and cannot be adjusted during use. If the outlet pressure is too high, it may lead to gas leakage at the pipeline joint or directly fall off, or it may produce toxic and harmful gases due to insufficient combustion, which has obvious safety risks.

2. The outlet pressure of the commonly known medium-pressure valve is generally higher than 50kPa or even several hundred kPa, and it has a regulating function, which has a huge safety hazard. It is not allowed to use the medium-pressure valve instead of the voltage regulator.

3. The voltage regulator is a special industrial product, so it is not suitable to buy it at will. It is recommended to buy it in a professional unit that operates such products and listen to the advice of professionals. When the outlet of household voltage regulator is a hose connector, products with over-current cut-off safety devices should be selected.

4. Give priority to the voltage regulator products with the manufacturer’s name, trademark, model, production date, service life and gas flow direction marked on the shell. When purchasing, check that the product packaging should be accompanied by instructions, inspection certificates and other materials.

5. Incorrect installation may easily lead to abnormal operation of the voltage regulator, so it should be installed, replaced and maintained by professionals in strict accordance with relevant regulations and specifications.

6. Conduct regular safety inspection. Use high-concentration detergent water and soapy water to smear on the joints and interfaces of the voltage regulator shell first, and then open the valve of the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder. If there is foam, it means air leakage, and it should be replaced in time.

7 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of combustible gas detector

Combustible gas detector is a device with alarm function of gas leakage and incomplete combustion. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some household combustible gas detectors have potential risks in alarm action value, alarm repeatability, orientation and low concentration operation.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Combustible gas detectors are generally divided into natural gas type, liquefied petroleum gas type, artificial gas type, etc., and corresponding alarms should be selected according to the types of gas used. When purchasing, pay attention to the information such as the type of detection gas, power supply mode and production date on the nameplate.

2. When installing, it should be installed in a suitable position according to the requirements of the manual to avoid being installed in a sheltered place or a place that is easy to be polluted. Before use, start the self-check function of the alarm to confirm that the product has entered the normal monitoring state, and observe whether the indicator light is in the normal working state.

3. During use, keep the power on for a long time to avoid frequent power off and power on. Pay attention to the regular cleaning and maintenance of the product to avoid the blockage of the air inlet. After restarting, it is necessary to start the self-inspection function again to ensure the normal functions.

4. If an alarm is given, turn off the gas valve first, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and do not turn on the light or turn on any electrical switch. Find out the cause of gas leakage. If the cause cannot be confirmed, contact the gas company immediately for treatment.

5. If the service life is indicated in the product manual, the products that exceed the service life should be replaced in time.

6 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, August 12 (Reporter Kan Feng) The era of "two children in an all-round way" is coming. In the next few years, China’s preschool education resources are bound to face new challenges. According to a survey report released by MyCOS Research Institute recently, the proportion of graduates from China University who are engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years.

　　Market demand release of preschool education

　　— — The employment ratio of "children and preschool education" has increased continuously for five years.

　　This survey on the employment situation of preschool education industry is based on Max’s follow-up survey on the employment situation of China University graduates from 2012 to 2016. The national sample of each graduate is more than 250,000.

　　Based on the employment data of college students from 2012 to 2016, the survey found that the proportion of China college students engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years after graduation. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduates engaged in "preschool education" was 0.6%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.4%; In 2012, the proportion of vocational college students engaged in "preschool education" was 0.5%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.7%.

　　The contribution of female college students is indispensable to the growth of preschool education team. According to the survey, in the past five years, the proportion of female students engaged in "preschool education" has increased by 1.2 percentage points, and the proportion of female students in higher vocational colleges has increased by as much as 2 percentage points. Among the graduates of 2016, more than 90% of the college students who joined the preschool education industry are women (undergraduate: 90%, higher vocational college: 94%).

　　Comparatively speaking, the proportion of male college students joining the preschool education team has been relatively stable in the past five years. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduate and vocational college boys engaged in "preschool education" was 0.1%, which increased to 0.3% and 0.2% respectively in 2016.

　　Data Map: Children and teachers in the first branch of experimental kindergarten in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province experience architectural design in the game. Photo by Huang Leizhen

　　The monthly income of undergraduate graduates is 3504 yuan.

　　— —The salary of preschool education industry is not high, but the employment satisfaction is high.

　　The demand for employment is rising, so what is the income of college students entering the preschool education industry?

　　According to Michaels’ survey, from the perspective of employment quality, college graduates engaged in the vocational category of "preschool education" show the characteristics of low income but high job satisfaction.

　　Specifically, among the 2016 undergraduate graduates, the monthly income of the occupational group engaged in "early childhood and preschool education" is 3,504 yuan after half a year’s graduation, which is 872 yuan lower than the national undergraduate average (4,376 yuan); However, the employment satisfaction (67%) is slightly higher than the national undergraduate average (66%).

　　Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges in 2016, they are engaged in the occupational group of "early childhood and preschool education". The monthly income after graduation for half a year is 2,706 yuan, which is 893 yuan lower than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (3,599 yuan). However, the employment satisfaction (68%) is significantly higher than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (63%).

　　According to the survey report, "low income" is the main reason why the graduates in the preschool education industry are dissatisfied with the employment situation. With the expansion of the demand for talents in preschool education industry in the future, more jobs related to preschool education will be opened to college graduates. In order to attract and retain talents, how to optimize the gender ratio and improve the overall employment environment in a targeted manner will be a problem that needs to be considered in the development of the industry.

　　Professional expertise is more popular.

　　— — There is a great demand for English majors in preschool education.

　　The close relationship between the work and the major is another feature of preschool education.

　　According to the above survey, 80% of undergraduate graduates in 2016 are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education", and 74% are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education" in 2016.

　　Among undergraduate graduates, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, English and musicology respectively. Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, special education and applied English.

　　According to the report, there is a high correlation between work and major, which shows that the occupational category of "early childhood and preschool education" favors job seekers with "professional expertise". This includes not only graduates from pre-school education majors, but also graduates with professional skills such as art and foreign languages.

　　It can be observed that English majors have appeared in the above-mentioned professions with a high proportion of preschool education, both undergraduates and vocational college students. According to the report, "this can reflect from the side that English education is highly valued in the field of preschool education at present". (End)

　　Ram surging atmospheric appearance, rough appearance appears dynamic; The front face is similar to sequoia, and the broad muscle sense is the typical style of American cars, without the feminine side of Japanese cars at all. The size of Dodge Ram is 5814*2030*1935mm (length, width and height), which has surpassed most SUV models.

　　24-hour exclusive hotline: 13034318716 Manager Ju (same as WeChat)

　　Although the appearance of 22 Dodge Ram pickup trucks has not changed much, we can still feel the difference between this car and the ordinary version. In terms of appearance, the net is still chrome-plated, and the front bumper still adopts the sports front bumper design unique to the sports version, creating a very strong sense of sports as a whole.

　　Primary equipment group (19 speakers; Harman Kardon Audio; Adaptive cruise control with start-stop function: Automatic dimming of exterior rearview mirror; Blind spot and cross path detection; Streaming media rearview mirror; Lift up; Lane keeping; LED high-position brake light; Automatic parking; Pedestrian emergency braking; Electric pedal; Rear heated ventilated seat; Ring shadow; Warning light with half-open tailgate; Uconnect with 12-inch display? 5W NAV； 12-inch touch screen; 1 year SiriusXM? Satellite broadcasting subscription; 4G LTE Wi-Fi hotspot; Support Apple CarPlay；; Display split screen touch; GPS antenna input; GPS navigation; Hands-free telephone communication; High definition radio; Integrated central stack radio; USB mobile projection; Wireless charging board), panoramic sunroof, 3.92 rear axle ratio, rear differential, towing hook, lining.

　　The large center console and instrument panel of Dodge Ram Long Horn Edition are also outlined with brown decorative strips, and the visual effect is quite bright. In addition, the knob shift operation is also unique. The large modification of the 12-inch central control screen makes the central control function more complete and scientific. Embroidered leather seats are Dodge’s consistent style, and fine workmanship gives people a luxurious and distinguished feeling. The huge armrest box has an amazing internal space, and the storage space can meet your various needs.

　　The design of the 22 Dodge Ram center console is simple and hard, which conforms to the temperament of the Ram. The bottom of the dashboard has patterns, which further highlights the elegance of this car. The design of the soft instrument panel is very comfortable to the touch, and there is no stubbornness.

　　Dodge Ram’s workmanship is completely free from the American rough feeling, and the edges and seams are carefully handled. Leather seats are independent, equipped with comfortable functions such as heating and massage. Each seat is independently equipped with a control handle, and each function is controlled by the occupant. All seats of Dodge Ram pickup truck are wrapped in leather, and the front row is also equipped with very practical sports seats.

　　The workmanship of 22 Dodge Ram pickup trucks is completely free from the American roughness, and the edges and seams are carefully handled. Leather seats are independent, equipped with comfortable functions such as heating and massage. Each seat is independently equipped with a control handle, and each function is controlled by the occupant. All seats of Dodge Ram pickup truck are wrapped in leather, and the front row is also equipped with very practical sports seats.

　　22 additional versions of Dodge Horn configuration: leather bucket seat, second row heating and tilting, double LED lens headlights, 12-inch touch screen, chrome-plated front and rear bumper, grille and door handle, chrome-plated badge, chrome-plated automatic dimming, electric folding heating rearview mirror with welcome light, auxiliary turn signal and memory function, chrome-plated foot pedal, remote opening of rear trunk, keyless entry, rear reversing camera, tire pressure monitoring, front and rear parking assistance, with LED dome light and glove box light, 12v power socket, cruise, 7-inch instrument panel, one-button start, dual-zone air conditioning, advanced door trim, advanced overhead console, front heated and ventilated seat, 12-way electric front seat with 4-way waist adjustment, driver’s seat memory, 10 speakers, rear window demister, 115V auxiliary rear power socket, multi-function wood leather steering wheel, luxury foot pad.

　　The brand-new 22 Dodge Ram Long Horn is a pickup truck that combines power and luxury, so it is also a status symbol. Mike, the brand leader of the Laramie Horn Special Edition, pointed out that the brand-new Ram 1500 Horn Edition is an uncompromising luxury pickup truck, which can almost satisfy your imagination and is at the forefront of the same level.

　　The Dodge Ram is equipped with a 5.7-liter V8 engine. Like the traditional American muscle car, the Dodge pickup truck also adopts a "muscle" design with thick lines. The overall shape is mainly square, and the fullness is vividly displayed in every link of the vehicle.

　　Dealer: Tianjin Xiangruitong Automobile Trading Co., Ltd.

　　Tel: 13034318716 Ju Zhenhan WeChat Synchronization

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Nursultan, November 7 (Reporter Ren Jun) According to the news of Kazakhstan’s Ministry of National Defense on the 7 th, a new batch of Su -30SM multi-role fighters purchased by Kazakhstan from Russia arrived at Karaganda Air Force Base in Kazakhstan on the same day and were delivered to the Kazakhstan Air Force for use.

　　Orman Betov, commander-in-chief of Kazakhstan Air Force, said that these fighters will greatly improve the level of Kazakhstan Air Force in preventing air strikes, finding and destroying air and ground targets, and enhance its national defense capabilities.

　　According to the military technical cooperation agreement signed by the defense ministries of Russia and Kazakhstan, the first Su -30SM fighters were delivered to Kazakhstan Air Force by Russia in 2015.

　　It is reported that Su -30SM is a four-generation semi-fighter, an improved version of Su -30MK series, developed by Russian Sukhoi Company, with all-weather and day-and-night combat capability. The fighter has a top speed of 2,125 kilometers per hour, a maximum takeoff weight of 34 tons, a maximum bomb load of 8 tons, a service ceiling of 16,300 meters and a cruising range of 3,000 kilometers.

In 2023, the summer vacation was a record-breaking, with all kinds of film and television dramas being overwhelmed, and movies were also fought by immortals. Before, Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an was turned over by many stars Amway, and after that, it was turned over by the wonderful headwind of octagonal cage. Recently, the most popular film is "The First Part of Gods" directed by Wu Ershan.

"Feng Shen" is adapted from the well-known "Feng Shen Romance". Before that, it was not without directors trying to remake this story, but all of them ended badly, and only odd actors dressed up in circles. Part of the reason is that the original itself has many problems, and it is always easy to overturn when it is adapted, which also leads to the repeated "wolf coming" and makes netizens feel "upset" about this story.

Director Wu Ershan filmed the trilogy "Feng Shen" in the way of "Three continuous shooting". I have to say that this move is really high. In addition to improving efficiency and saving landscaping costs, it also firmly grasps the psychology of the audience to eat the same lineup. From the film, it is not difficult to see that the director has spent a lot of time on actor training, landscaping and post-production, taking into account the quality of the film.

Before the screening, there were many conjectures about the relationship between "da ji × King". After all, the corner of da ji is a femme fatale widely recognized by the public. Surprisingly, director Wu Ershan turned da ji’s active confusion into the ambition to repay the king. This "intimate hakimi" setting not only poked many people’s cute spots, but also took the opportunity to stabilize a group of female audiences. Na Ran’s fox looks even worse after makeup, and she really stepped out of the circle of "beauty" to play the "fox demon".

Wu Ershan’s handling of the corner of Yin Shou is even more amazing. It is not difficult to see that Zhou Wang is a big villain in the original work, and it is well known that villains are grindstones in front of the leading group. In this film, the director corrected the image of Yin Shou, a tall, handsome, ambitious and dormant dynasty ruler, and also spent a lot of pen and ink to describe his psychological changes. Under teacher ChristianRandPhillips’s interpretation, although Yin Shou’s cruel and tyrannical ethics looks really "emotional", the fuller characters also make a lot of logic more self-consistent.

Whether it is an objective analysis or just watching the score of Douban 7.8, this film is undoubtedly a success. This is the honor that three continuous shooting films and several years of heavy-hearted shooting deserve. But at the same time, it also brings a fatal drawback to the film. The time, energy and money cost of filming are too high, which leads to the announcement of "Feng Shen" before and after the screening.

In the early stage, the publicity depended on the director’s "investment of 3 billion yuan, and it will take ten years to pay off the debt if it is not successful" and "if the first box office is not ideal, there may be no two or three films". The effect brought by this announcement is obviously polarized. Fans with brain fever even reached the level of six brushes, and some fans said that "I thought the movie was good, but the moral kidnapping appeal to watch movies was really low."

Up to now, the word-of-mouth of "Feng Shen" has been played out, but the announcement is still not focused, and every day, there is no focus. Because the audience danced with hakimi’s stalks, they took advantage of the trend to market, but the hot stalks were mostly used for second creation, and the marketing effect was average.

I also saw that everyone was attracted by the proton group to release training schedules, shoot tidbits, and interact with roadshows. From the BG direction of the former "The King and His hakimi" to the BL direction of "the suburbs are well developed". Nowadays, not only has it not attracted a large number of new audiences, but even the original audience has begun to split and quarrel.

Since the release of Amway, a large number of viewers have spared no effort in various platforms. The interactive volume of Weibo’s topic of "deifying tap water" has been increasing, and the reading volume has exceeded 60 million.

It is not difficult to see that under the influence of the official moral kidnapping propaganda, a large part of netizens’ efforts in Amway are "afraid of not seeing the last two films" But the official can’t move it, just like the outside world is tottering and I am standing still.

In all fairness, the emotions of netizens are actually very uncontrollable, and the spontaneous Amway after watching movies can only be regarded as icing on the cake. If netizens make great efforts to publicize, but the publicity takes the opportunity to sell badly on the whole network, how long can this kind of "moral kidnapping" bring about compassion? The audience’s suggestions should be properly listened to. It is not a long-term solution to rely solely on "tap water" Amway. Excessive selling will only lead to the opposite effect.

At present, the box office of Fengshen is only over 1.3 billion, which is less than half of the target of 3 billion, and the total box office based on the daily box office forecast in recent days is less than 2.5 billion. However, the next release of Meg 2 has Jason Wu, and "Put all your eggs in one basket" is a hot topic. These two films, which were expected by the whole network as soon as they were announced, are bound to affect the box office of Feng Shen. When these two films are released, it will be difficult for Feng Shen to sprint again.

In 2019, China’s GDP was nearly 100 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%-
10 thousand dollars per capita, amazing

Another giant leap!

On January 17th, the economic data of China in 2019 was released. According to preliminary accounting, China’s GDP in 2019 was 99.0865 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year; According to the annual average exchange rate, the per capita GDP exceeded the $10,000 mark and reached $10,276.

"China’s economic growth has remained between 6% and 7% for 18 consecutive quarters, and the resilience of economic development has continued to show. This not only shows that new progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2019, but also shows that economic development in 2019 provides a solid guarantee for building a well-off society in 2020. " Ning Ji Zhe, director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said at the press conference of the State Council Office.

Ten thousand dollars

Per capita GDP is roughly equivalent to 90% of the world average.

Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, it has grown from poverty to an economy with a volume of nearly 100 billion yuan. "This not only means that China’s economic aggregate is constantly expanding, but also shows that the quality of China’s economic development is steadily improving and people’s lives are continuously improving; It not only laid a solid foundation for achieving a well-off society in an all-round way this year, but also made our due contribution to the development and progress of all mankind, which has important symbolic significance. " Ning Jizhen said.

China’s comprehensive national strength has been further enhanced, and its "financial resources" have become more solid.

In 2019, China’s GDP was close to 100 trillion yuan, reaching 14.4 trillion US dollars according to the annual average exchange rate, ranking second in the world. Looking back at history, it is not easy to earn such a rich family.

In 1952, China’s GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan. In 1986, China’s total economic output exceeded 1 trillion yuan. It took us 37 years to reach the level of 1 trillion yuan from the time when New China was founded. From 1 trillion yuan to 10 trillion yuan in 2000, it took us 14 years; It took us only 19 years from 10 trillion yuan to nearly 100 billion yuan in 2019.

Wang Yuanhong, deputy director of the Economic Forecasting Department of the National Information Center, said that 2020 is the year of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the end of the 13 th Five-Year Plan. China’s comprehensive national strength has been continuously enhanced, and its per capita GDP has been steadily improved, laying a solid foundation for the decisive battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way and fight poverty. "In the long run, this also provides favorable conditions for us to enter the ranks of moderately developed countries."

The number of "10,000 households" in the world has doubled, and China has contributed more.

According to World Bank data, in 2018, the population of economies with a per capita GDP of more than $10,000 was nearly 1.5 billion. As China, with a total population of 1.4 billion, enters the per capita GDP.The rank of $10,000 is equivalent to the doubling of the world population whose per capita GDP exceeds $10,000.

Ning Ji Zhe introduced that in 2019, the proportion of China’s GDP in the world is expected to exceed 16%, and the contribution rate of China’s economic growth to the world’s economic growth is expected to reach about 30%. China is still the locomotive with the strongest motive force for world economic development. China’s per capita GDP ranks among the middle-income countries in the world, and its position in the human development index has further increased.

"The per capita GDP exceeds 10,000 US dollars, which means that our economy is larger, our ability to shape an international development environment more conducive to me is enhanced, and China’s position as the second largest economy in the world is further consolidated. The huge domestic market of 1.4 billion people also provides important opportunities for countries around the world to expand business opportunities. " Xu Wei, Deputy Director of Macroeconomic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said.

Although the gap with high-income countries is narrowing, China is still among the middle-income countries.

Data show that in 1980, China’s per capita GDP was about $300, equivalent to about 12% of the world average; In 2019, according to the current dollar estimate, China’s per capita GDP is roughly equivalent to 90% of the world average.

"Looking at the per capita level, the characteristics of developing countries in China have not fundamentally changed." Wang Yuanhong introduced that from the perspective of investment level, the per capita capital stock of infrastructure in China is only 20%-30% of that of developed countries. From the perspective of consumption structure, the Engel coefficient of Chinese residents’ consumption in 2019 is 28.2%, which is still higher than the level of developed countries, indicating that China people still need to spend a large proportion to meet their basic needs such as food and clothing.

Xu Wei also said that China is still far from the threshold of high-income countries and needs to concentrate on promoting high-quality development.

6.1%

The economic growth rate is among the best in the world’s major economies.

Last year, China’s economic growth rate was 6.1%, which was in line with the expected target of 6%-6.5% put forward at the beginning of the year, ranking first among economies with more than 1 trillion US dollars.

Ning Ji Zhe introduced that in 2019, the economic growth rate of the United States was about 2.3%, that of Japan and the euro zone was slightly higher than 1%, and that of India was over 5%. "China’s 6.1% is significantly higher than the global economic growth rate and ranks among the best in the world’s major economies."

This 6.1% gold content is not low.

The "food basket" was stable and the overall price remained stable. In 2019, the consumer price (CPI) rose by 2.9% over the previous year, which was in line with the expected target of around 3% proposed at the beginning of the year. The core CPI excluding food and energy increased by 1.6% compared with the previous year, and the growth rate dropped from the previous year.

The "rice bowl" is strong and the quality of employment has improved significantly. In 2019, the monthly national urban survey unemployment rate was between 5.0% and 5.3%, which was lower than the expected target of around 5.5% proposed at the beginning of the year. In December, the national urban unemployment rate was 5.2%, and 13.52 million new jobs were created in cities and towns throughout the year, which was significantly higher than the annual expected target of more than 11 million, and it has remained above 13 million for the seventh consecutive year.

"Pocket" drum, the income of the people increased steadily. Last year, the per capita disposable income of China residents exceeded 30,000 yuan for the first time, reaching 30,733 yuan. While the income growth is basically synchronized with the economic growth, and is roughly equal to the per capita GDP growth, the per capita disposable income of rural residents has actually increased by 6.2%, which continues to be faster than that of urban residents, and the income gap between urban and rural residents has narrowed.

"Income determines consumption, and per capita disposable income continues to increase, which means the continuous expansion of consumption scale in China, the continuous promotion of consumption upgrading, and the continuous optimization of economic structure." Wang Yuanhong said.

Last year, the role of consumption as the "main engine" of economic growth was further consolidated, and the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth was 57.8%, which was 26.6 percentage points higher than the total capital formation. In the annual per capita consumption expenditure of national residents, service consumption expenditure accounted for 45.9%, up 1.7 percentage points over the previous year.

"As long as the income of residents can maintain such growth, a populous country is a super-large-scale market with sustained purchasing power, and its economic operation will be more resilient, which will not only better solve the problem of insufficient imbalance in development, but also provide important support for building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way." Wang Yuanhong said.

11.09 million people

Last year, the number of poor people in rural areas continued to decrease, with more than 10 million people lifted out of poverty for seven consecutive years.

A steady and progressive report card is hard to come by.

Since last year, the unstable and uncertain factors in the world economy have obviously increased, the risk challenges at home and abroad have obviously increased, and the downward pressure on China’s economy has increased. Faced with such a complicated situation, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core is far-sighted, size up the situation, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, maintain strategic strength and act positively, turn external pressure into a powerful driving force for deepening reform and opening up, and concentrate on doing its own thing well.

—— In 2019, the "six stabilities" work was solidly promoted, and the high-quality development hoof was steady.

"In the past year, the’ six stabilities’ have achieved remarkable results, and the economic growth rate of 6.1% is remarkable. Moreover, China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. We do not deliberately pursue economic growth, but pursue a reasonable growth rate with quality and efficiency. " Ning Jizhen said.

The industrial structure is upgrading. In 2019, the added value of service industry increased by 6.9% over the previous year, 1.2 percentage points faster than that of the secondary industry, accounting for 53.9% of GDP, which is an important stabilizer for economic growth.

The gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing. At the end of 2019, the proportion of urban resident population in China exceeded 60% of the total population for the first time, reaching 60.6%, which is a landmark data for China’s industrialization and urbanization.

The innovation drive is stronger. Chang ‘e landed on the back of the moon, Snow Dragon 2 made its maiden voyage to the South Pole, and the commercial launch of 5G was accelerated … In 2019, about 20,000 enterprises were born every day in China, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population reached 13.3. Innovative achievements are pouring out, and China climbed to 14th place in the global innovation index rankings.

—— In 2019, key progress was made in the three major battles, laying a solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way.

Poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results. In 2019, there were about 340 poverty-stricken counties in China, and 11.09 million rural poor people were lifted out of poverty, with more than 10 million people lifted out of poverty for seven consecutive years.

The ecological environment continued to improve. Last year, the average number of excellent days of air quality in 337 cities at prefecture level and above was 82%, the proportion of grade I-III water quality sections of surface water increased by 3.9 percentage points over the previous year, and the proportion of grade V was decreased by 3.3 percentage points.

Financial risks are controllable. In 2019, China’s macro leverage ratio was basically stable, while the micro leverage ratio declined steadily. At the end of November, the national local government debt balance was 21.3 trillion yuan, which was controlled within the limit approved by the National People’s Congress. Prevent and resolve major risks and achieve positive results.

"The basic trend of China’s stable economy and long-term improvement has not changed." Ning Ji Zhe said, "As long as we give full play to our advantages and overcome difficulties, hope is always more than difficulties. I believe that China’s economy will be able to cope with the risk challenges and continue to forge ahead! (Reporter Lu Yanan)

　　Zhongxin Jingwei Client May 16 (Wang Peiwen) Chengdu introduced a new policy of restricting purchases on the evening of the 15th, becoming the sixth city to increase the regulation of the property market after being recently interviewed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. According to the analysis, the adjustment of Chengdu’s purchase restriction policy is a "patching" of policy loopholes, which effectively prevents talents from settling in real estate speculation, fake divorce real estate speculation, and relatives from taking refuge in real estate speculation.

　　Chengdu introduced a new purchase restriction policy: settle down ≠ Qualification for buying a house

　　Photo by Xin Jingwei and Wang Peiwen in the data map

　　On the evening of 15th, the General Office of Chengdu Municipal People’s Government issued the "Notice on Further Improving the Regulation Policy of Real Estate Market in Chengdu", proposing to adjust the object of purchase restriction from natural person to family; Buyers who have moved into the restricted purchase area for less than 24 months should have stable employment in the restricted purchase area and pay social security for more than 12 months before buying a house; Parents who take refuge in adult children’s homes may not buy houses as separate families.

　　Regarding the adjustment of the object of purchase restriction from a natural person to a family, Chengdu Housing Management Bureau said that the contradiction between supply and demand is more prominent at present, and the phenomenon of speculative demand taking advantage of "personal purchase restriction" and real estate speculation has occurred from time to time. In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand in the market and curb speculative real estate speculation, the object of purchase restriction is adjusted from an individual to a family based on ensuring just-needed and improved demand.

　　Regarding the regulations on parents’ taking refuge in buying houses and divorcing houses, Chengdu Housing Management Bureau said that it is to prevent individual residents from taking refuge and divorce as a means to achieve the purpose of buying houses and real estate speculation, avoid moral hazard and guarantee the right to buy houses fairly. After the divorce of husband and wife, if any family member buys a house within two years, the number of houses he owns shall be calculated according to the total number of families before the divorce; Parents who take refuge in adult children’s homes may not buy houses as separate families.

　　Regarding the adjustment of the purchase conditions of the newly-entered people who are most concerned by the public, Chengdu Housing Management Bureau explained that the previous purchase restriction measures did not require the newly-entered people to have stable employment and pay social security, which led to some speculative demand to achieve the purpose of buying houses by entering the house, further aggravating the contradiction between supply and demand.

　　It is understood that in July 2017, Chengdu introduced a new household registration policy, and young talents with an ordinary full-time undergraduate degree or above can apply for settlement with their diplomas. According to the statistics of Chengdu Public Security Bureau, from July 20, 2017 to May 4, 2018, the New Deal was implemented for more than 9 months, and the accumulated talents in Chengdu have settled in more than 180,000 people.

　　After the adjustment of the purchase restriction policy, Chengdu Housing Management Bureau said that it has taken a series of policies and measures to support new residents to solve their housing problems through leasing, including providing rental support to eligible security objects through physical distribution of rent and granting rental subsidies for public rental housing, and state-owned housing companies will speed up the release of a number of state-owned rental housing.

　　The new talent policy triggered a rise in the property market, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development talked about 12 cities

　　In the data map, Xin Jingwei, Dong Xiangyi, photo

　　"This time, Chengdu introduced a purchase restriction policy, which is similar to Changchun and Guiyang before. They all belong to the cities that have been interviewed recently. The introduction of the New Deal is not only to actively respond to the policy ideas of stabilizing the market, but also to make up for some loopholes in the policy and then guide the market development in an orderly manner." Yan Yuejin, research director of think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, told Zhongxin Jingwei client (WeChat WeChat official account: jwview).

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, the head of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development interviewed the responsible comrades of Chengdu and Taiyuan municipal governments on May 9 on the regulation of the real estate market. Before May Day, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development also interviewed responsible comrades of 10 cities including Xi ‘an, Haikou, Sanya, Changchun, Harbin, Kunming, Dalian, Guiyang, Xuzhou and Foshan.

　　Zhongxin. com previously reported that the main background of this interview is that a number of cities have relaxed the talent settlement policy this year, which has brought about an increase in the property market in some places to varying degrees.

　　Taking Chengdu as an example, according to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the sales price of new commercial housing in Chengdu has shown an upward trend since the beginning of this year, 1-mdash; The year-on-year growth rates in March were -1.3%, 0 and 0.8% respectively. According to data released by the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, from January to April this year, the average transaction price of commercial housing in Chengdu exceeded 10,000 yuan for the first time.

　　Yan Yuejin said that the adjustment of Chengdu’s purchase restriction policy is a "patching" of the policy, which has positive reference significance for the regulation of the national property market. It effectively prevents talents from settling in real estate speculation, fake divorce real estate speculation, and relatives taking refuge in real estate speculation. It is targeted and can be actively imitated by other cities in the country.

　　Recently, six cities have increased their regulation and control, and analysis shows that other cities will follow up.

　　In the data map, Xin Jingwei, Dong Xiangyi, photo

　　According to the statistics of the Sino-Singapore Jingwei client (WeChat WeChat official account: jwview), among the cities interviewed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, except Chengdu, five cities, namely Changchun, Harbin, Foshan, Guiyang and Xi ‘an, have recently issued new regulation policies, while Taiyuan, Kunming, Dalian and Xuzhou have not followed up yet, while Haikou and Sanya are within the scope of Hainan’s global purchase restriction.

　　From May 2, 2017 in Changchun, new non-family only houses purchased in the Third Ring Road area of Changchun after December 29, 2017 shall be subject to the signing date of the commercial housing filing contract, and shall not be listed and traded within 2 years.

　　On May 7th, Harbin issued a notice, from now on, within the six districts of the main urban area, the cancellation authority of the online signing contract filing information of the construction unit will be cancelled, and all newly purchased commercial housing (excluding second-hand housing) will not be listed and traded until three years from the date of signing the online signing contract of commercial housing.

　　Foshan issued an "urgent order", requiring real estate development enterprises to reasonably arrange the opening time and sales methods, avoiding opening or sales activities at night (17: 30-8: 30 the next day), and selling projects with a large number of people expected to buy houses by lottery as much as possible.

　　On May 10th, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Xi ‘an posted an announcement, which clearly stated that all the planned uses in the real estate license or online contract text or the planned uses of the commercial house are "apartments", regardless of their land use and years, are within the scope of purchase restriction.

　　Guiyang issued an official document on May 14th, introducing real estate regulation and control policies, including not transferring new commercial housing within three years, restricting repeated applications for provident fund loans, and cracking down on market irregularities such as "down payment loans" and "fake mortgages".

　　In addition, on April 22, Hainan announced the implementation of global purchase restrictions, including Sanya and Haikou. Yan Yuejin said: "The cities that have been interviewed must have policies, and it is an urgent task in the near future. Some cities that have potential interviews should also be actively regulated. It is not a slogan to live in a house without speculation. This concept has been continuously promoted in recent years. " (Zhongxin Jingwei APP)

Compared with motorbikes, motorcycle is the first choice to consider its own needs. For most users, it is undoubtedly the best choice to choose a rickshaw. As a rickshaw in the world, large displacement accounts for the minority and small displacement accounts for the majority. If you pursue economy, you should first choose an entry-level rickshaw with small displacement. With reference to its entry-level cost performance, you can consider 125 cc-190 cc, and this luxury DL150 can also do all the long-distance work.

The advantage of DL150 is that its displacement is relatively small, and its comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is more fuel-efficient than that of 250cc and above. If it is used for long-distance motorcycle travel, DL150 can save more fuel consumption, and the cost maintenance of small-displacement motorcycles is more economical, which is the best choice for pursuing cost performance and practicality.

On the other hand, this Hauser DL150 is still the most popular entry-level trolley at present. First of all, as a 150cc-class trolley, DL150 has excellent quality and reliable performance. If it is not interested in power performance, DL150 can also be used as the main long-distance motorcycle vehicle.

In terms of configuration, the DL150 is a single-cylinder air-cooled engine. With a small displacement, it may achieve more ideal efficiency, and the fuel consumption is low, so it is very cost-effective to travel long distances. Coupled with the quality of Haojue’s workmanship, this small trolley is also an entry-level choice with smaller displacement compared with DL250. It not only has the advantages of small displacement vehicles, but also has the blessing of big brands in configuration, with high-end configurations such as KYB shock absorption and ABS.

In terms of price performance, this DL150 is also a cost-effective choice in the 10,000-yuan level. The official guide price is only 14,680 yuan. For the price of nearly 15,000 yuan, it is quite cost-effective. Considering the small displacement of the DL150, it is also a wide choice of people. Both novices and veterans have different views on small-displacement pull cars. Choosing a small displacement at the entry level can improve your driving skills. At the same time, for the entry-level rally car, DL150 also has excellent quality. As a big brand with domestic roads open to traffic, Haojue is not stingy in configuration. With the blessing of major brand accessories, it is more reassuring to choose a long-distance motorcycle tour.

There is also the production background of Haojue DL150, which was launched only a few years after the DL250 went on the market. Therefore, it is also an entry-level rally car that was developed after careful consideration, and it meets the best choice for DL series rally cars with smaller displacement.