Author: Professor Wu Qiong, School of Marxism, Beijing Jiaotong University.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our Party has further deepened its understanding of the laws governing the Party in an all-round way under the new situation, and its application in practice has become more conscious. At the Second Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Supreme Leader systematically and profoundly summed up the important experience of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, namely, "persisting in the unity of ideological party building and institutional party management, adhering to the unity of mission guidance and problem orientation, and persisting in grasping ‘ Key minority ’ Heguan ‘ The vast majority ’ Unify, adhere to the unity of exercising power and taking responsibility, adhere to the unity of strict management and caring for trust, and adhere to the unity of inner-party supervision and mass supervision. " These experiences are precious and need our long-term persistence and deepening. It is of great significance for our party to study and grasp the law of strictly administering the party in an all-round way under the new situation, to improve the scientific level of party building, to uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party, to lead the great struggle, the great cause and finally to realize the great dream.

　　It is the basic feature and essential requirement of Marxism to be good at understanding and grasping the law and doing things according to it. Strictly administering the party in an all-round way, like other things, has its own laws. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a Marxist political party known for its strictness. "To govern the country, we must govern the party first, and the party must be strict." Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly put forward and vigorously advocated strict management of the party and the party, and regarded it as the core concept of strengthening self-construction and the basic requirement for party member cadres. In 1929, Gutian Conference established the principle of ideological party building and political army building according to the erroneous ideas of pure military viewpoint, rogue thought, individualism, extreme democratization and absolute average existing in the party and army at that time. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Yan ‘an rectification movement was carried out to solve the problems of subjectivism, sectarianism and stereotyped Party writing, which promoted the establishment of the ideological line of seeking truth from facts within the whole party. On the eve of the national victory of the China Revolution, faced with the pride, the pause for progress and the desire for pleasure, our Party put forward the thought of "Two Musts" and a series of measures to strictly manage the Party. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, guided by the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, the Party concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, constantly thought deeply about how to strictly manage the Party in power, and accumulated valuable experience in party building in practice, such as focusing on ideological party building, attaching importance to branch building and cadre team building, and advocating criticism and self-criticism.Adhere to close contact with the masses and so on. These proven experiences are of great significance to the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has insisted that the Party should manage the Party strictly, made new plans and new arrangements for Party building from a strategic height, and formed the idea of comprehensively and strictly administering the Party. "Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way" not only comes down in one continuous line with the fine tradition of the Party, but also focuses on the new historical conditions, which endows the new era connotation of "strictly administering the Party" and makes the management of the Party more solid and more in line with the practical needs. Scientific basis and fundamental compliance. For example, adhere to the close combination of ideological party building and institutional party management, and solve the problems of party member cadres’ ideals, beliefs and value pursuit through ideological party building; Governing the party through the system solves the problems of behavioral norms and restraint supervision. Governing the party by system is inseparable from the guidance of scientific thought, and the achievements and regularity of ideological party building depend on the system to guarantee and consolidate the party; Adhere to the unity of grasping the "key minority" and managing the "overwhelming majority". To manage the party, the party should first manage cadres and strictly manage the party, and the key is to strictly manage officials. Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way not only sets universal requirements for party member, but also sets higher and stricter standards for "key minorities", especially senior cadres. It is necessary to effectively strengthen supervision over leading cadres and always maintain a high-pressure situation of punishing corruption; Adhering to the unity of mission guidance and problem orientation, the whole party should, with the political courage of self-revolution, focus on solving the outstanding problems existing in the party itself and constantly enhance the party’s ability of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement.To withstand the "four major tests" and overcome the "four dangers", we must also focus on the future, strengthen overall planning and strengthen top-level design.

　　Over the past 90 years since the founding of the Party, it is precisely because we have constantly summed up the laws governing Party building, always placed Party building in an important position, and strictly managed the Party that our Party has always maintained its advanced nature and purity, and United and led the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to continuously win great victories in the cause of revolution, construction and reform. Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way is a tough battle and a protracted war. We should not only adhere to the experience of "six unifications", but also deepen our understanding of the laws governing the Party and create new experiences, so as to ensure that the Party will always be in the forefront of the times, wholeheartedly supported by the people, brave in self-revolution, able to withstand all kinds of storms and tests, and full of vigor and vitality.

CCTV News:Wedding is a beautiful and happy moment in life, but in some places, such customs as extravagant wedding banquets, vulgar weddings, and comparison with gifts often make happy events taste and go out of tune. With the advocacy of new marriage and childbearing culture, the group wedding to reduce the burden of love has become the choice of more and more young people. May is the peak of marriage, and many fancy collective weddings have been held. Let’s take a look.

On Zhu Xi Island in Deqing, Zhejiang Province, a collective wedding is being held. The couple made a marriage vow under the sculpture of crested ibis, which symbolizes love. The people who took the oath were a couple who had been married for more than 30 years. They handed flowers to the couple one by one and gave them their long-lasting good wishes for their marriage.

Qian Yueying, a citizen of Deqing, Zhejiang:In the past, when we got married, we had to hold a wedding banquet, which was extravagant and wasteful. At that time, there was no money, but we still had to hold a wedding banquet to save face. Now, it’s okay to be simple, not extravagant.

Yu Yao, a citizen of Deqing, Zhejiang:Less complicated procedures, love and marriage seem to have become more pure.

In Guixi, Jiangxi, Juye, Shandong and other places, a number of collective weddings with the theme of "Don’t pay the bride price to be happy" were organized in May, and new people were encouraged to choose simple wedding ceremonies. At the collective wedding scene in hejian city, Hebei Province, the red carpet was gorgeous and the silk and bamboo curled up. The new people wore traditional dresses and started their love journey in accordance with the traditional ceremony of Zhou Dynasty Chinese wedding under the witness of the witness and the officiant.

Yan Jianan, a citizen of Cangzhou, Hebei Province:This is a very civilized way, and I feel very honored.

Jishan Mountain in Shanxi is rich in jujube. In the season when jujube flowers are in full bloom, new people choose to hold a collective wedding in jujube forest.

In Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, a group wedding with grassland characteristics has become the choice of many newcomers. Under the blue sky and white clouds, the couple made their wedding vows on the lawn, and the marriage registration office made a special marriage certificate and gave it to the couple on the spot.

Yang Yuwei, a citizen of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia:It’s great and romantic, and I think this ceremony is also very good.

Bad habits such as "high price bride price" have been effectively curbed.

Such a group wedding is really simple and beautiful. Since 2021, the Ministry of Civil Affairs has identified 32 experimental areas for the reform of marriage customs throughout the country. Advocate such a simple and moderate wedding form, and at the same time, through measures such as increasing publicity, effectively curb the bad atmosphere of high-priced bride price and extravagance and waste.

The phenomenon of high-priced bride price in Guixi, Jiangxi Province was common in the past, which increased the burden on the masses. After it was designated as an experimental area for the reform of marriage customs in 2021, the government focused the reform on outstanding issues such as high-priced bride price and big-scale operation.

Xiao Yao, Director of Civilization Office of guixi city, Jiangxi Province:Originally, we advocated zero bride price at first, but it was not suitable for our local folk customs, because there was still a bride price in the wedding, and later we proposed a price-limited bride price.

In order to publicize the new marriage customs, the local villagers’ councils and other grass-roots organizations were mobilized to publicize the new marriage customs. Starting with the cadres and the staff of the matchmaking agency in party member, the professional "matchmaker" convention was issued and the "matchmaker" training was carried out, and the "matchmaker" guided the newcomers to resist the high-priced bride price.

Professional Matchmaker in guixi city, Jiangxi Province:We have received the training organized by the government, not only for matchmaking, but also for publicity, advocating low bride price and zero bride price.

According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, since the launch of the experimental area of marriage custom reform, various localities have publicized the traditional excellent marriage culture through innovative certification ceremony and the establishment of marriage cultural centers. Qingshan District of Baotou City has set up a marriage and family counseling station in the community, organized volunteers to go deep into communities and villages to carry out the publicity of marriage custom reform, and guided the masses to establish a correct view of marriage, values and family.

Li Jinyan, Director of Civil Affairs Bureau of Qingshan District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia:The focus of the reform of marriage customs is to focus on three key points: new wedding events, simple wedding banquets, and propriety. Every year, various activities will be carried out according to different festivals and different climates, so that young people can change their ideas about marriage customs from the bottom of their hearts.

Since the experimental area of marriage custom reform was launched, some places have also created literary works with the theme of marriage custom reform to publicize the new marriage custom. In Yanhu District, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, the modern Pu Opera "Red and White Wedding Events" is popular with the masses to promote the change of customs and establish a new civilized atmosphere. In Dongdagou Village, Qingshan District, Baotou City, a cultural performance with the theme of singing the reform of marriage customs is being held. The wonderful program tells the harm of bad marriage customs, and guides the masses to consciously resist the phenomena of high-priced bride price, comparison with ceremony, extravagance and waste in marriage.

Up to now, most of the experimental areas for the reform of marriage customs have incorporated marriage customs such as restricting high-priced bride price, lavishing lavish activities, etc. into villagers’ conventions and residents’ conventions, so as to guide new couples to respond to the new wedding fashion.

Chen Yun, Director of Baotashan Village Committee, Xiazhuhu Street, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province:The two committees in our village took the lead, and party member and volunteers went to the door to distribute leaflets on changing customs to establish the villagers’ ideas of saving.

According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, in the past two years, the high-priced bride price and large-scale activities have been effectively curbed in the experimental area of marriage custom reform. Hejian city, Hebei Province is the first batch of experimental areas for the reform of marriage customs in China. In the past, there were nearly 200,000 bride price in rural areas. Since the pilot reform of marriage customs was launched in 2021, among more than 7,000 couples who registered for marriage, "zero bride price" and "low bride price" accounted for nearly 90%.

Ma Zhongwen, Director of hejian city Civil Affairs Bureau:Through the development of marriage and family counseling services, we advocate simple and moderate marriage customs and etiquette, and cultivate a civilized and upward marriage customs culture.

Strengthening marriage counseling and maintaining family harmony

After holding a wedding and forming a family, how to maintain family harmony and make the marriage happy for a long time? Since the work of the experimental area of marriage custom reform was carried out, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, together with the All-China Women’s Federation, has guided all localities to establish and improve the marriage and family service mechanism, provide emotional counseling, marriage crisis handling methods and other services for the parties, and improve their comprehensive ability and quality in maintaining marriage and family.

In Yanhu District, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, the marriage registration authority invited couples who won the honorary titles of "Five Good Families in China" as invited certifiers to explain the family responsibilities on the spot for the newly certified couples, and guide them to establish the concept of harmonious coexistence, mutual respect and love for marriage and family.

Zhang Changqin, representative of the five best families in China:I hope that in the future, they will respect each other, tolerate each other, honor their parents, build a small family and make more contributions to the big family of the country.

At present, more than 84% of the county-level marriage registration offices in China have set up marriage and family counseling rooms to provide counseling services based on the principle of "legality, voluntariness and confidentiality". In Dezhou, Shandong Province, volunteers from the Marriage and Family Counseling Center give on-site lectures to newcomers at the registration site to help them establish a healthy and scientific family concept.

Feng Zikai, a citizen of Dezhou, Shandong Province, Jiang Lele:This activity made us realize the responsibility and significance of establishing a new family, and at the same time, my husband and wife will be tolerant and understand each other in the future.

According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, all experimental areas actively explore the service mode of marriage and family. In some places, through the evaluation of "good family", "good mother-in-law" and "good daughter-in-law", people around them, things around them and role models around them can influence their neighbors and harmonious families. Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Deqing, Zhejiang and other places also extend marriage and family counseling, family conflict resolution and other services to villages and communities, and mediators mediate between husband and wife who have conflicts in marriage to help marriage and family harmony.

Dennies Hu, Marriage Counselor in Qingshan District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia:The biggest advantage of the marriage and family counseling station in the community is that it meets the needs of residents, can listen to the voices of the people at close range, and help families sort out the problems they encounter in their relationship.

Shen Yunyue, Marriage and Family Mediator in Baotashan Village, Xiazhuhu Street, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province:The purpose of premarital counseling and divorce coordination is to hope that the villagers in our village will be happy.

　　(1)

　　Facing difficulties and overcoming difficulties, in 2022, we persisted in striving for progress in stability, promoted high-quality development, and made solid steps in the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and China’s overall economic and social situation remained stable.

　　When the 20th CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) met with Chinese and foreign journalists, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized: "Now, China has strong economic resilience, sufficient potential and wide room for maneuver, and its long-term positive fundamentals will not change."

　　The fifth China International Import Expo, which closed on November 10, wrote a vivid footnote: the intended turnover for one year was 73.52 billion US dollars. Against the background that the world has undergone great changes in the past century and the momentum of world economic recovery is insufficient, China International Import Expo(CIIE), which is getting better and better, has shown the world China’s sincerity in actively opening up and sharing development opportunities with other countries, and has also injected new and powerful kinetic energy into global economic development.

　　In today’s world, the changes in the past century are intertwined with the epidemic in the century, but the times and the situation are on our side. This is where our determination and confidence lie, as well as our determination and confidence.

　　As the momentum builds up, the great ship China is declaring that the economic development prospect of China will be brighter!

　　(2)

　　At present, the change of the world, the change of the times and the change of history are unfolding in an unprecedented way, which poses challenges to mankind that must be taken seriously.

　　Looking around the world, the COVID-19 epidemic is superimposed with the Ukrainian crisis, and the world economy is entering a stage of high inflation, high interest rate, high debt, high cost and low growth, with heavy haze hanging over the world.

　　Throughout the country, the triple pressure of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening continues to appear, and unexpected factors have brought serious impact. Since this year, the downward pressure on the economy has increased significantly.

　　— — In the face of the big exam, the whole country calmly responded and kept pace, stabilizing the macro-economic market.

　　"The familiar Shanghai is back!" On June 1, 2022, after two months of static management, Shanghai fully resumed normal production and living order. Ships shuttle on the Huangpu River, machines roar in the production workshop, and lights are brightly lit in the office building. People are determined to "get back the lost time".

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We must maintain strategic strength, persist in striving for stability, make overall plans for epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, take more effective measures, strive to achieve the greatest prevention and control effect at the least cost, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development."

　　From putting forward the "five necessary ways" to explaining the "five strategic advantages"; From a clear "food security is ‘ The big country ’ " , to the requirements of "consolidating the domestic energy production base and ensuring the safety of coal supply"; From emphasizing that "the epidemic should be prevented, the economy should be stabilized, and development should be safe", to exhorting "to support the people’s life and well-being" … … The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is far-sighted and judges the situation, leading the whole party and people of all nationalities to work together and overcome difficulties. Thirty-three policies were issued to focus on stabilizing the economy, speeding up the construction of a unified national market, implementing the full tax refund for stocks and increments, and doing a good job in releasing urban and rural grassroots jobs for college graduates … … Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities, departments and all aspects have effectively coordinated epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, coordinated development and safety, adhered to the principle of "keeping the word steady, striving for progress while maintaining stability", combined phased measures with institutional arrangements, inclusive and fair support and cooperation, and made concerted efforts, precise and powerful, forming a joint force. China’s overall economic recovery is improving, and people’s livelihood security is strong and effective.

　　The most fundamental reason why China’s economy, which has gone through rapids, dangerous waves, and difficulties, has stood firm in the storm and risen in adversity lies in the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　— — Facing the stress test, China’s economy has stood the test, making progress in stability, with a more solid foundation and stronger momentum for progress.

　　Observing China’s economy depends not only on the "shape" of data changes, but also on the "potential" of development savings; We should not only look at the "table" of short-term profit and loss, but also look at the "inside" of endogenous power.

　　Objectively speaking, the "stability" of China’s economy has not changed, the main indicators are generally improving, and international comparison adds more confidence. We overcame the rare autumn rain and flood in the north last year, the late sowing of winter wheat in a large area, and the local COVID-19 epidemic, responded to the challenge of severe high temperature and drought in the south, and promoted the increase of summer grain production by 2.87 billion Jin and early rice production by 210 million Jin, with a bumper harvest in autumn and a more stable agricultural base. China’s largest liquefied natural gas reserve base has been put into production, and a shale gas field exceeding 100 billion cubic meters has been newly discovered in Sichuan Basin. The annual output of crude oil in Tarim Oilfield has reached a record high. In the tight global energy supply environment, China’s unified dispatching power plants keep the coal storage at more than 170 million tons, the refined oil inventories of major oil and gas enterprises keep high operation, and the natural gas storage tanks are at a high level. When the inflation level in the United States and Europe broke the historical record, consumer prices in China rose by 2.0% year-on-year in the first three quarters of this year, and prices remained generally stable. Coordinate development and safety, strike at the key time, and exert strength at the important harm. We have consolidated the foundation of food security in all directions, achieved a safe and stable supply of energy, and achieved positive economic growth against pressure.

　　Dialectically, although the "surface" of China’s economy has suffered losses, its impact is staged, short-term and external, and it has not hurt the root of endogenous power. Up to now, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in COVID-19 has exceeded 640 million, including 6.62 million deaths. China is the country with the lowest incidence and the least number of deaths in COVID-19 among the major countries in the world. The epidemic will inevitably have an impact on economic operation, but with the foundation of "people’s health and safety", we can better achieve the goals of economic growth, cultural prosperity and social stability. The latest data shows that in October, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.0% year-on-year, 0.2 percentage points faster than that in the third quarter; In the first 10 months, China’s total import and export value of general trade increased by 13.3% year-on-year, maintaining double-digit growth; In the third quarter, GDP increased by 3.9% year-on-year, 3.5 percentage points faster than that in the second quarter, and the foundation of stabilization and upward has been continuously consolidated.

　　On the whole, China’s economic "progress" momentum is abundant, and its high-quality development is fast and steady. Shenzhou XV was successfully launched, "Chang ‘e IV" grazed the stars and plowed the moon, "Tianzhou V" was delivered in space, "Deep Sea No.1" was brightly lit day and night, and "Struggler" dived 10,000 meters deep, making great powers innovate and develop, bravely climb the peak, and concentrating on the "advance" of power conversion; In the third quarter, the growth rate of added value of high-tech manufacturing industry was 1.9 percentage points higher than that of national regulated industries, the output of new energy vehicles increased by 1.13 times year-on-year, which was 20.8 percentage points faster than that of the second quarter. The new technology, new products and new formats continued to grow. In the first ten months, the profit growth rate of equipment manufacturing industry was 2.6 percentage points faster than that of January to September, which showed the "progress" of industrial upgrading. In the first three quarters, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 3.2%, 0.2 percentage points faster than that in the first half of the year, and the per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents decreased compared with the same period of last year, showing the improvement of people’s livelihood.

　　The greater the difficulties and challenges, the stronger the cohesion and combat effectiveness. Practice shows that development may fluctuate for a while, but short-term shocks will not change the long-term trend. From the incremental scale and trade scale to the contribution to poverty reduction and carbon reduction, today’s China economy has steadily improved its development quality, achieved fruitful scientific and technological innovations, comprehensively deepened its reform and opening up, and basically stabilized its employment price. It is still the "ballast stone" for world economic growth, the "engine" for global innovation and prosperity, and the "booster" for win-win cooperation among countries.

　　Based on the current situation and long-term perspective, we are full of confidence that China will surely usher in a brighter development prospect: the fundamentals of China’s long-term economic development have not changed!

　　"If you struggle hard, you must catch the fish." With the constant development and the trend of the times, there are sufficient supporting conditions for the stable, healthy and sustainable development of China’s economy, and we are setting sail with determination.

　　(3)

　　Magnificent practice often contains learning from the past and following it.

　　Looking back, China’s economy was tested by floods, earthquakes and SARS, and faced with the challenges of financial crisis and economic and trade frictions. At present, under the unprecedented triple pressure, China’s economy is responding with "stability", recovering well, stabilizing with "progress", rising from the joint, and making progress steadily.

　　Why has China’s economy always been able to take risks, turn crises into opportunities, and grow stronger after storms?

　　"China’s economy is a sea, not a small pond." The words of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary are forceful. "A storm can overturn a small pond, but it cannot overturn the sea. After countless storms, the sea is still there! "

　　This is China’s economy, with spectacular volume and great potential. With a total economic output of over 114 trillion yuan, it can be called a giant ship in the sea of the world economy, with deep water and stable navigation. With a population of more than 1.4 billion, a labor force of more than 900 million, a total of 220 million human resources, and an urbanization rate of 64.7% of the permanent population, such a large-scale market capacity, such a thick talent bonus and such a broad investment space have formed a huge "magnet effect". BMW Group Shenyang Lida Factory was put into production, Novo Nordisk increased its capital and expanded its production for the eighth time in Tianjin, and Panasonic Group transferred more business segments such as cold chain equipment production and sales to China … … The Financial Times reported that a number of international investment banks are pushing ahead with ambitious business expansion plans, and their strategies will not be changed due to the current COVID-19 epidemic.

　　This is China’s economy, which is self-healing and resilient. In 2021, Hubei’s total economic output reached 5 trillion yuan, returning to the seventh place in the country, and set out to accelerate. In March of this year, it took less than 10 days for Shenzhen to press the "slow button" and the supply chain of the industrial chain to return to the market steadily. From the field to the workshop, from the inland to the seashore, the hot "Created in China" lifts the famous "Made in China". In the face of difficulties, China’s economy shows strong supply capacity, adaptability and repair capacity. The world’s most complete industrial system is interlocking and upgrading side by side. The world’s largest online retail market continues to expand and innovate. More than 160 million market players are eager to develop, and China’s economy continues to grow under the storms.

　　This is China’s economy, with vigorous pulse and strong vitality. This is a hot spot for entrepreneurship with an average of 24,800 new enterprises set up every day and more than one million overseas students returning to China for innovation and entrepreneurship. It is a big consumer country with an average daily investment of nearly 300 million pieces of express delivery and an annual online retail sales of about 13.1 trillion yuan; This year, R&D investment was the second highest in the world. Deepening the supply-side structural reform, China has strengthened its vitality in solving difficult problems and planted advantages in narrowing the gap, which is forming a powerful endogenous driving force for demand to pull supply and supply to create demand.

　　This is China’s economy, with a wide space for maneuver. The advantage of a big country’s economy is that it is internally recyclable. Looking at consumption, the world’s most populous country, with a per capita GDP of over 12,000 US dollars, is the most potential consumer market in the world. Looking at investment, the world’s largest developing country is in the stage of rapid development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and the per capita infrastructure stock is only equivalent to 20% to 30% of that of developed countries. Shortboards contain opportunities and weaknesses, as well as potential and potential energy. Firmly grasping the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, the "East Counting and West Counting" project achieved a total investment of more than 400 billion yuan in half a year, and strengthened the construction of county commerce to push the online retail sales of agricultural products to exceed 422 billion yuan last year. In the first ten months of this year, a total of 24,000 new water conservancy projects were started nationwide, with an additional investment of 1.5 trillion yuan. The investment in fixed assets of highway and waterway transportation was 2,466.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.5%. Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern provides us with a broad room for manoeuvre, an important way to achieve a long-term balance between steady growth and risk prevention, and a strategic layout and a first move to grasp the initiative of future development.

　　This is China’s economy, with many precise tools for regulation. In the new era, we have constantly innovated and improved macro-control, gained valuable experience, and formed a complete macro-control system that combines government and market, short-term and medium-and long-term integration, cross-cycle and countercyclical integration, aggregate and structure integration, domestic and international overall planning, and coordinated reform and development. We insist on not flooding, and even when the epidemic hit the hardest in 2020, we didn’t overspend. Although the adjustment of macro-control policies has been strengthened since this year, the deficit ratio of our government is low, the debt is generally controllable, and there are many tools in the policy toolbox. The policy effects such as the introduction of fiscal and financial policies in the early stage to support major project construction and equipment renovation are emerging. At present, two batches of financial instruments support more than 2,700 major projects, and the operating rate exceeds 90%. The steady growth policy is expected to be further effective.

　　Looking at the essence through the phenomenon and jumping out of a domain to see the overall situation, although we have suffered short-term shocks, China’s complete industrial system, strong production capacity and super-large-scale market advantages still exist. Helge Berger, assistant director of the Asia-Pacific Department of the International Monetary Fund and head of China affairs, said with emotion: "China’s economy has sufficient resilience and potential, and China’s government also has sufficient policy space to promote economic growth. As China continues to promote high-quality economic development, the resilience of China’s economy will be further enhanced. "

　　Based on the micro, looking at the macro, we are full of confidence, and China will surely usher in a brighter development prospect: the basic characteristics of China, such as sufficient economic potential, great resilience, strong vitality, large room for maneuver and many policy tools, have not changed.

　　"Although the destruction is more and more intense, it will fight for the spring with heaven and earth." The more frustrated and brave, the harder it is to make progress. China’s development has a more solid material foundation and a more perfect system guarantee. We are confident to follow our own path and do our own thing well, and no difficulty can stop our progress. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "After more than 5,000 years of hardships, China is still here! Facing the future, China will always be here! "

　　(4)

　　When a great river rushes to the sea, there will always be a countercurrent, but no countercurrent can stop river of no return. Power helps it move forward, and resistance makes it strong.

　　Standing on a longer time axis, the rise of a big country will inevitably go through a ditch. However, the "ditch" and "hurdle" can’t influence the "time" and "potential" of the development of things. The key is to maintain strategic strength and historical patience, and insist that the castle peak will not relax and move forward rain or shine.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party pointed out that from now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups in China to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way, realize the goal of the second century, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization.

　　"High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. Development is the top priority of the party in governing and rejuvenating the country. " General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress.

　　Central task, primary task, first priority. Development is in an extremely important position in the new era and new journey. Without a solid material and technological foundation, it is impossible to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way.

　　Development must be high-quality development. We must implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, adhere to high-level opening up, and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other.

　　Looking at China, the new development concept is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the new development pattern is accelerated, and the high-quality development is reverberating. The China economy in the new era shows a brighter prospect.

　　Today, China is an innovative and dynamic generate. In the past ten years, China’s R&D investment intensity has increased from 1.91% to 2.44%, and the ranking of global innovation index has risen from 34th to 11th (in 2022). The number of patent applications received by the European Patent Office alone has increased fourfold, and frontier fields such as manned space flight, deep-sea exploration and quantum information are galloping, and emerging technologies such as supercomputers, new energy technologies and biomedicine are "application fields". … Self-reliance in science and technology is the foundation of national prosperity and the key to security. Taking innovation as the first driving force to lead development, putting scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, and giving full play to the advantages of the new national system, every city, every scientific and technological enterprise and every scientific researcher are making strenuous efforts to catch up and swear to firmly hold the lifeline of science and technology in their own hands. As the British "Economist" weekly website reported: "China’s strategy can be understood as a major judgment, that is, China will become a world innovation center in the next decade."

　　In today’s China, the pace of coordinated development is sonorous. In the past ten years, China’s urbanization rate has increased from 53.1% to 64.7%, and the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents has decreased from 2.88∶1 to 2.5∶1. Since the beginning of this year, the "annual task list" has been comprehensively promoted for rural revitalization, and the "road map for action" has been laid out to speed up the construction of a unified national market. The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has seized the "bull’s nose", and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta has entered the "fast lane", and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s construction has won "new benefits" … … Pay close attention to the outstanding problem of insufficient unbalanced development, strengthen the top-level design and pay attention to system promotion. The flower of coordination of "different petals but concentric petals" blooms every second, and the unbalanced and insufficient "development gap" condenses into "catching up potential energy".

　　In China today, the background of green development is bright. Environmental protection inspectors continue to shine their swords, and the goal of "double carbon" is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The Yangtze River has built the world’s largest clean energy corridor, and the Helan Mountain has built the northwest ecological barrier. In the past ten years, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have decreased by about 34%, and the installed capacity of "green electricity" such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation and the production and sales of new energy vehicles rank first in the world … … Do a good job in the construction of ecological civilization, which is a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and constantly solve the problem of harmony between man and nature, and the "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" is being transformed into vivid practice. Green is the beauty of cities, the prosperity of industries and the prosperity of villages. Green has become a bright background for high-quality development.

　　Today, China has a higher level of open development. In 2013, the first Pilot Free Trade Zone was established in Shanghai. Today, 21 pilot free trade zones are less than 4‰ China’s land area has contributed 17.3% of the country’s import and export volume, absorbed 18.5% of the country’s foreign capital, and replicated and promoted 278 institutional innovations to the whole country or specific regions. Not only the development of the free trade zone, but also the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port is changing with each passing day. The negative list of foreign investment access is getting shorter and shorter. China International Import Expo(CIIE), the Service Trade Fair, the Canton Fair and the Consumer Expo are all staged, and the "One Belt, One Road" with high quality is wonderful … … Regardless of changes in the external environment, China’s confidence and will in reform and opening up remain unchanged. We have built a series of new highlands and experimental fields for opening to the outside world, forming a new pattern of all-round and high-level opening to the outside world. With the continuous release of the opening magnetic force, China will continue to be one of the most attractive foreign investment destinations in the world.

　　Today, China has achieved fruitful results in sharing development. We have historically solved the problem of absolute poverty that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and nearly 100 million rural poor people have all been lifted out of poverty; The world’s largest education system, social security system and medical and health system have been built. In the past ten years, the average life expectancy has increased from 75.4 years to 78.2 years, and the proportion of middle-income groups has increased from about 1/4 to about 1/3. People’s wallets are bulging and life is beautiful. Development is for the people, glory belongs to the people and strength comes from the people. Tens of thousands of people in Qian Qian, including Zhang Guimei, Huang Dafa, Li Huanying and He Zhongqiang, are writing their initial thoughts on the precipice of the mountains, on the isolated island and desert, and on the vast land of the motherland. A small stream makes a river and a sea, and a long journey makes a thousand miles. A small victory makes a great victory, and it is successful year after year. The confidence and support of the people are the strength of our country’s forge ahead.

　　Looking at the overall situation, the fundamentals of China’s healthy and stable economic development are still there, and the conditions of production factors supporting high-quality development are still there. As Magit molnar, director of the China Economic Policy Research Office of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, said, "We have every reason to believe that with the gradual control of the epidemic, China’s economy will quickly get rid of the pain and its development prospects can be expected."

　　Looking forward to the future, we are full of confidence, and China will surely have a brighter development prospect: the general trend of high-quality development in China has not changed.

　　"The eyes are full of vitality, and the workers are striving for new things every day." Adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, make overall plans for development and safety, actively recognize changes and seek changes, proactively prevent and resolve risks, constantly enhance strategic strength, anti-pressure ability and competitive strength, and constantly enhance China’s development independence, autonomy and security, foster opportunities in the crisis and open up new opportunities in the changing situation. China will always develop vigorously!

　　(5)

　　The road of history is not entirely smooth, and sometimes it comes to the realm of difficulties and obstacles, which can only be crossed by the heroic spirit.

　　Perseverance, facing difficulties, daring to win can also win. The great historical initiative is our courage and strength to anchor our established goals and move forward in high spirits.

　　After an extraordinary decade, the people of China have become more motivated, more enterprising, more determined to win, and have a stronger historical consciousness and initiative. The people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China are advancing the great leap of the Chinese nation from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong with confidence.

　　In the vast farmland, farmers cultivate and agricultural machinery gallop, and the grain harvest is achieved throughout the year; Between the mountains and deep valleys, bridge cranes swing their arms and machinery roar, and more physical objects are forming … … Everyone is the cornerstone, building the indestructible Great Wall of steel in the motherland; Everyone is a wave, which has merged into a mighty river of the motherland; Hundreds of millions of strugglers and dream catchers are gathering the deepest and greatest dream-building power in the world.

　　The new era is the era of strugglers. I will work hard by every "I", and I will do my best if my motherland needs it!

　　The new journey is a dream catcher’s journey. Every "you" will create miracles, live up to the times, live up to the people, devote yourself to forge ahead, and the dream will surely blossom!

　　The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has formulated the major policies of the Party and the country at present and in the future, and sounded the horn of endeavor for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way. Striving for a new journey full of glory and dreams, let us unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, fully implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, deeply understand the decisive significance of "two establishment", strengthen "four consciousnesses", strengthen "four self-confidences", achieve "two maintenance", keep in mind "three musts", strengthen historical self-confidence, enhance historical initiative, and increase our strength through hard work. Tap the potential in reform and innovation, open up new opportunities in positive progress, overcome all kinds of difficulties and challenges on the road ahead, work together to promote China’s economic giant to ride the wind and waves, make steady progress, and create new miracles that are impressive with new great struggles! (Ren Ping)

No.32 [2014] of the State Council

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　Since the implementation of "Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People’s Republic of China (PRC)" (hereinafter referred to as "Regulations"), various regions and departments have done a lot of work in statistics on the openness of government information, which has played a basic role in promoting the openness of government information and doing a good job in the annual report of this work. In order to further strengthen and standardize the statistical reporting of government information disclosure, and establish a statistical reporting system of government information disclosure with unified indicators, standardized projects, consistent caliber and accurate data, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Scope and content of statistics

　　Statistical scope: the State Council departments that have statutory administrative functions and undertake the obligation of government information disclosure according to the Regulations, local people’s governments at all levels and local people’s government departments at or above the county (city) level, and organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs.

　　Statistical content: voluntary disclosure, disclosure according to application, policy interpretation, response to social concerns, administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, reporting complaints, institution building and training related to government information disclosure, etc.

　　Second, the organization and leadership and implementation

　　(1) The general offices (offices) of local people’s governments at various levels are responsible for organizing and implementing the statistical work of government information disclosure in their respective administrative areas, determining the list of units within the statistical scope, arranging statistical tasks, summarizing statistical data, and submitting the summary statistical information to the competent department of government information disclosure at the next higher level step by step.

　　(2) The general offices of the people’s governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) are responsible for organizing and implementing the statistics of government information disclosure of the governments at the corresponding levels and their departments, promoting the people’s governments at all levels within their respective administrative regions to do a good job in the statistics of government information disclosure, filling out the Statistical Table of Government Information Disclosure, and submitting the statistics of government information disclosure of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and the summary statistics of government information disclosure of their respective administrative regions to the Government Information Disclosure Office of the General Office of the State Council.

　　(III) The general offices (offices) of various departments in the State Council are responsible for organizing and implementing the statistical work of government information disclosure of their own departments, decomposing and implementing the statistical work tasks, summarizing the statistical data of their own departments and systems, filling out the Statistical Table of Government Information Disclosure, and submitting the statistical information to the Government Information Disclosure Office of the General Office of the State Council. The statistical data of the whole system of vertical management departments shall be summarized and submitted by the general office (room) of the relevant competent department of the State Council, and shall not be included in the statistical scope of local governments. The statistical data of the dual management department shall be submitted by the general office (room) of the people’s government at the same level. The general offices (rooms) of various departments in the State Council shall submit the data of their own departments, among which the general offices (rooms) of vertical management departments shall submit the data of their own departments and the summary data of this system respectively.

　　Iii. Statistics and submission requirements

　　(a) the people’s governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) and all departments in the State Council should attach great importance to the statistical work of government information disclosure, and take it as an important part of compiling the annual report on government information disclosure, summarizing and promoting the work of government information disclosure, and earnestly organize its implementation. Government information disclosure agencies should earnestly perform their duties, formulate working mechanisms and methods that can ensure the implementation of statistical work, and ensure the continuous development of statistical work.

　　(two) the people’s governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) and the general offices (rooms) of various departments in the State Council shall submit the statistical data of the previous year to the Government Information Disclosure Office of the General Office of the State Council before the end of March each year. The Statistical Table of Government Information Disclosure is submitted in two forms: paper document and electronic document. The electronic document is in Excel format, and it is submitted together with the paper document when it is carved into a CD. After the completion of the government information disclosure statistics reporting information system, the requirements for reporting time and related work will be notified separately.

　　(three) the general offices (offices) of all regions and departments should adopt the methods of step-by-step examination and spot check to strengthen the audit of statistical data and ensure that the data reported are true, accurate and complete. Statistical administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, reporting complaints, etc., should communicate with the legal system, supervision departments and courts at the same level to ensure the accuracy and consistency of statistical data. If the General Office of the State Council finds that the statistical data submitted are incorrect, it will instruct the relevant localities and departments to correct them; If the report is seriously inaccurate due to irresponsible work, it will be notified.

　　Attachment: 1. Statistical table of government information disclosure (sample table)

　　　　　2. Description of statistical indicators of government information disclosure

the General Office of the State Council

June 23, 2014

Annex 2

Description of statistical indicators of government information disclosure

　　First, take the initiative to disclose the situation

　　1. The number of government information voluntarily disclosed: refers to the total number of government information voluntarily disclosed in the statistical year according to the provisions of the Regulations.

　　The number of active disclosure of government information is calculated by article. Where official documents are government information, one official document is counted as one, and some official documents with public contents are also counted as one. Other government information, one complete piece of information (or part of the public information) is counted as one piece.

　　The number of government information voluntarily disclosed is not counted repeatedly. The same piece of government information disclosed through different channels and ways is counted as one piece of information; The information jointly released by departments shall be reported by the department that takes the lead in making the information; The information reprinted and forwarded by each unit is not included in the statistical quantity of this unit.

　　2. Number of normative documents voluntarily disclosed: refers to the total number of normative documents voluntarily disclosed.

　　3. Total number of normative documents issued: refers to the total number of normative documents issued, which should be the total number of active disclosure and non-active disclosure.

　　4. Number of government information published in the government gazette: refers to the total number of government information voluntarily published through the government gazette.

　　5. Number of government information published on government websites: refers to the total number of government information voluntarily published through government websites at all levels.

　　6. The number of government information made public in Weibo: refers to the total number of government information voluntarily made public through the official government affairs Weibo.

　　7. Number of government information disclosed by government WeChat: refers to the total number of government information voluntarily disclosed through official government WeChat.

　　8. Number of government information disclosed by other means: refers to the total number of government information voluntarily disclosed by newspapers, radio, television and other means.

　　Second, respond to the interpretation.

　　9. Number of responses to public concerns or major public opinions: refers to the number of responses to public concerns or major public opinions related to the responsibilities of the unit.

　　The number of hot spots or major public opinions responding to public concern shall not be counted repeatedly. Respond to the same hot spot or public opinion in various forms as one response; The response of the joint release shall be reported by the lead responsible unit responding to the hot spot or public opinion; The responses reprinted and forwarded by each unit are not included in the statistical quantity of this unit.

　　10. Total number of press conferences attended or held: refers to the total number of press conferences and media briefings attended or held to interpret policies, respond to social concerns and guide public opinion.

　　11. Number of press conferences attended by the principal responsible comrades: refers to the total number of times that the principal responsible comrades of the unit participated in various press conferences and media briefings to interpret policies, respond to social concerns and guide public opinion.

　　12. The number of online interviews on government websites: refers to the total number of online interviews conducted on government websites by responsible comrades or spokespersons in their own units to interpret policies, respond to social concerns and guide public opinion.

　　13. The number of online interviews with leading comrades on government websites: refers to the total number of online interviews with leading comrades on government websites to interpret policies, respond to social concerns and guide public opinion.

　　14. Number of policy interpretation manuscripts published: refers to the total number of policy interpretation manuscripts published through government websites, press conferences, media briefings, newspapers, radio and television.

　　15. The number of events responded by Weibo WeChat: refers to the total number of hot events responded by official government affairs Weibo and WeChat (multiple responses to the same event count as one time).

　　16. Number of events responded by other means: refers to the total number of hot events responded by radio, television, newspapers and other means (multiple responses to the same event count as one).

　　Third, according to the application for disclosure.

　　17. Number of applications received: refers to the total number of applications received for government information disclosure, which should be in written form or data message form (it should be equal to the sum of four applications: face-to-face application, fax application, online application and letter application).

　　18. Number of face-to-face applications: refers to the number of applications submitted by citizens, legal persons or other organizations to the acceptance point undertaking government information disclosure.

　　19. Fax applications: refers to the number of applications submitted by citizens, legal persons or other organizations by fax.

　　20. Number of online applications: refers to the number of applications submitted by citizens, legal persons or other organizations through online submission.

　　21. Number of letter applications: refers to the number of applications submitted by citizens, legal persons or other organizations by mail.

　　22. Number of applications for settlement: refers to the total number of applications for settlement made by citizens, legal persons or other organizations (which should be equal to the sum of the number of timely settlements and the number of deferred settlements).

　　23. The number of cases settled on time refers to the number of cases that are answered within 15 working days from the date of receiving the application according to the Regulations.

　　24. Number of deferred settlements: refers to the number of replies given within an extended 15 working days according to the Regulations.

　　25. Number of application responses: refers to the total number of responses to applications submitted by citizens, legal persons or other organizations (it should be equal to the sum of eight items, namely, those that have been voluntarily disclosed, those that have agreed to public responses, those that have agreed to partial public responses, those that have not been disclosed by the administrative organ, those that have no application information, those that have been informed to make changes, and those that have been informed to handle through other channels).

　　26. Number of government information that has been voluntarily disclosed: refers to the number of replies to citizens, legal persons or other organizations that have applied for disclosure, and told them the ways and means to obtain the government information.

　　27. Number of consenting public replies: refers to the number of consenting public replies to government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations have applied for.

　　28. Number of consented partial public replies: refers to the number of consented partial public replies to government information applied by citizens, legal persons or other organizations.

　　29. The number of replies that disagree with the disclosure: refers to the number of replies that disagree with the disclosure of government information applied by citizens, legal persons or other organizations.

　　30. Involving state secrets: refers to the number of replies to government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations applied for disclosure, but refused to disclose it because it involved state secrets.

　　31. Involving trade secrets: refers to the number of replies to government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations have applied for disclosure, but they do not agree to disclose it because it involves trade secrets.

　　32. Involving personal privacy: refers to the number of replies to government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations have applied for disclosure, but they do not agree to disclose it because it involves personal privacy.

　　33. Endangering national security, public safety, economic security and social stability: refers to the number of replies to government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations have applied for disclosure, but they do not agree to disclose it because of endangering national security, public safety, economic security and social stability.

　　34. Government information not referred to in the Regulations: refers to the number of replies to citizens, legal persons or other organizations that apply for disclosure of government information and inform them that it is not government information referred to in the Regulations.

　　35. Other circumstances stipulated by laws and regulations: refers to the number of replies to the government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations have applied for disclosure, but they do not agree to the disclosure because of other circumstances stipulated by laws and regulations.

　　36. The number of government information that does not belong to the administrative organ: refers to the number of replies to citizens, legal persons or other organizations that apply for disclosure and inform them that it does not belong to the administrative organ.

　　37. The number of application information does not exist: refers to the number of replies to citizens, legal persons or other organizations that apply for disclosure of government information and inform them that the government information does not exist.

　　38. Number of supplements for informing of changes: refers to the number of replies to the government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations have applied for disclosure, and told them to make changes and supplements because the application content is not clear.

　　39. The number of people who have been informed to handle it through other channels: refers to the number of replies to government information that citizens, legal persons or other organizations have applied for disclosure, and told them that they should handle it through other channels, such as consultation, letters and visits, and reporting.

　　Iv. administrative reconsideration

　　40. Number of administrative reconsideration: refers to the number of cases in which a citizen, legal person or other organization thinks that a specific administrative act of the unit in the government information disclosure has infringed upon their legitimate rights and interests, and has applied for administrative reconsideration according to law and been accepted by the reconsideration organ (it should be the sum of the number of maintaining specific administrative acts, the number of being corrected according to law and the number of other circumstances).

　　41. The number of specific administrative acts maintained: refers to the number of cases in which the original specific administrative act was maintained in the completed application for administrative reconsideration.

　　42. The number of errors corrected according to law: refers to the number of cases in which a specific administrative act has been revoked, changed, or confirmed to be illegal, and ordered to make a new specific administrative act.

　　43. Number of other circumstances: refers to the number of cases in the application for administrative reconsideration other than the number of completed specific administrative actions and the number of cases in which errors have been corrected according to law.

　　V. Administrative proceedings

　　44. Number of administrative litigation: refers to the number of cases in which citizens, legal persons or other organizations believe that specific administrative actions of their own units in the government information disclosure work infringe upon their legitimate rights and interests, and they file administrative litigation according to law and are accepted by the court (it should be the sum of three items: the number of maintaining specific administrative actions or rejecting plaintiff’s claims, the number of being corrected according to law and the number of other situations).

　　45. Number of specific administrative acts upheld or plaintiff’s claims rejected: refers to the number of cases in which the court decided to uphold the original specific administrative act or reject the plaintiff’s claims.

　　46. Number of errors corrected according to law: refers to the number of cases in which a court has decided or ruled to cancel or change a specific administrative act, or confirmed that a specific administrative act is illegal, and ordered to make a new specific administrative act.

　　47. Number of other circumstances: refers to the number of cases other than maintaining the specific administrative act or rejecting the plaintiff’s claim and being corrected according to law.

　　VI. Reporting Complaints

　　48. Number of reports and complaints: refers to the number of reports or complaints related to government information disclosure received by citizens, legal persons or other organizations in the region, departments and units, and accepted.

　　Seven, according to the application for public information charges.

　　49. Fees charged according to the application for disclosure of information: refers to the total amount of fees charged for searching, copying and mailing government information according to the application.

　　Eight, institutional construction and security funds

　　50. Number of specialized agencies for government information disclosure: refers to the number of specialized agencies determined to undertake the daily work of government information disclosure in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations.

　　51. Setting the number of points for public access to government information: refers to the total number of places set up in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations to provide public access to government information for citizens, legal persons or other organizations.

　　52. Number of staff engaged in government information disclosure: refers to the number of staff who specifically undertake government information disclosure (it should be the sum of full-time staff and part-time staff).

　　53. Number of full-time staff: refers to the number of staff who are exclusively responsible for the disclosure of government information (excluding the number of staff in government bulletins and government websites).

　　54. Number of part-time employees: refers to the number of employees who undertake the government information disclosure work while undertaking other jobs.

　　55. Special funds for government information disclosure: refers to the special funds included in the financial budget by administrative organs to handle government information disclosure affairs (excluding funds for editing and management of government bulletins and construction and maintenance of government websites).

　　Nine, the government information disclosure meeting and training

　　56. Number of working meetings or special meetings on government information disclosure: refers to the number of working meetings or special meetings on government information disclosure.

　　57. Number of training courses held: refers to the number of short-term, medium-term and long-term training courses held around the government information disclosure business.

　　58. Number of trainees: refers to the number of staff members who have received training in government information disclosure business training courses.

　　Unless otherwise specified, if there is no data to be filled in the report, fill in "0"; Data related to expenses or funds shall be kept to two decimal places according to the principle of "rounding off".

　　On November 30th, WeChat official account, the "Statistical Micro-message" WeChat, announced that the first inspector group of special statistical inspectors of the National Bureau of Statistics gave feedback to Shaanxi and the fifth inspector group gave feedback to Guizhou in 2023.

　　According to the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the National Bureau of Statistics gave feedback to the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government on November 29th, 2023. Kang Yi, Party Secretary and Director of the National Bureau of Statistics, informed the special inspector’s opinion; Zhao Yide, Secretary of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, presided over the meeting; Zhao Gang, Deputy Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee and Governor, made a statement; Wang Xiao, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and executive vice governor; relevant responsible comrades of the No.1 Inspector Group of Special Statistics Inspector of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2023; and responsible comrades of relevant provincial departments and relevant cities attended the meeting.

　　Authorized by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, from July 25th to August 7th, 2023, the 1st Inspector Group of Special Statistics Inspector of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2023 conducted a special statistics inspector in Shaanxi Province.

　　Inspectors found that there are still some problems in the statistical work in Shaanxi Province, mainly in:

　　First, there is still a gap in the spirit of thoroughly implementing the important speech and instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on preventing and controlling statistical fraud. Some city and county party and government leading cadres have not yet deeply understood the extreme harm of statistical fraud and the extreme importance and urgency of preventing and controlling statistical fraud from a political perspective, and the ideological consensus on preventing and controlling statistical fraud has not yet been fully formed;

　　Second, there are still shortcomings in guiding and promoting local party committees and governments and relevant departments to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements. In some areas, excessive pursuit of data ranking, impulsive political achievements and assessment pressure boost statistical fraud;

　　Third, some local county-level government departments dispatch statistical data in the name of dispatching economy, and there is a problem of intervening statistical reporting;

　　Fourth, the effect of the special treatment action of statistical fraud is not obvious enough;

　　Fifth, the rectification of the feedback from the first round of statistical inspectors is still not in place, and there are formalism and ineffective rectification problems in some areas.

　　According to the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the National Bureau of Statistics gave feedback to the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government on November 29th, 2023. Mao Shengyong, member of the party group and deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, informed the special statistical inspector’s opinion, and Wu Qiang, member of the Standing Committee of Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and executive deputy governor of the provincial government, presided over the meeting and made a statement.

　　Authorized by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, from July 27th to August 8th, 2023, the 5th Inspector Group of Special Statistics Inspector of National Bureau of Statistics in 2023 carried out special statistics inspection in Guizhou Province.

　　Inspectors found that there are still some problems in the statistical work in Guizhou Province, mainly in the following aspects:

　　First, there is still a gap in the spirit of thoroughly implementing the important speech and instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the prevention and control of statistical fraud. In some areas, the seriousness of statistical fraud and the deep-seated reasons behind it are not fully understood, and illegal interference in statistical work still occurs;

　　Second, the organization to promote the rectification of statistical inspectors and national statistical law enforcement inspection feedback is not strong enough. Some responsible persons of statistical violations are not investigated in time, and the punishment is "loose and soft", and the "one-vote veto system" for statistical fraud is not in place;

　　Third, the requirements for implementing the special treatment action of statistical fraud are not strict enough and thorough enough. Statistical fraud still exists during the special treatment period, and special treatment actions in some areas are not timely and discounted.

　　The reporter from The Paper noted that the feedback from the special statistical inspector group of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2023 mentioned that "some leading party and government cadres in cities and counties in Shaanxi have not yet deeply understood the extreme harmfulness of statistical fraud and the extreme importance and urgency of preventing statistical fraud"; Guizhou "in some areas, the seriousness of statistical fraud and the deep-seated reasons behind it are not well understood".

　　Previously, the National Bureau of Statistics had carried out many statistical inspectors.

　　Since 2019, the National Bureau of Statistics has successively carried out statistical inspectors in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and 12 the State Council departments, achieving "full coverage" of routine statistical inspectors of provincial party committees and governments.

　　In 2022, the National Bureau of Statistics carried out statistical inspections in five provinces (cities) and two departments in the State Council.

　　In July 2023, the National Bureau of Statistics set up an inspector group to carry out special statistical inspectors in six provinces including Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Guizhou and Shaanxi, which was also the first special statistical inspector.

　　On November 13th, 2023, the mobilization and deployment meeting of regular statistical inspectors was held in Beijing. After the mobilization meeting, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces have welcomed the statistical inspection team.

　　Unlike McDonald’s high-profile packaging of China stores for sale, KFC, another iconic American fast food chain giant, unexpectedly sold its China business in a low-key manner. The night before yesterday, Yum! Brands, the parent companies of KFC and Pizza Hut and listed on the new york Stock Exchange, announced that Yum! China would be separated from Yum! Brands and listed on the NYSE as an independent company. At the same time, after the spin-off, Yum! China will receive a total investment of US$ 460 million from Chunhua Capital and Ant Financial. This means that Yum! Brands has sold part of its operations in KFC and Pizza Hut in China to two purchasers from China.

　　Yum!’ s business in China has fallen into a trough?

　　In fact, Yum! Brands has already paved the way for China business. Last October, it announced that it planned to split Yum! Brands and Yum! China, and this transaction was carried out on the basis of that split at that time.

　　KFC is the first American fast food chain brand to enter the mainland market in China. In 1987, it opened its first store in Qianmen, then the most prosperous business district in Beijing. At that time, it was fashionable for both Beijingers and foreign tourists to queue up for a fried chicken or a hamburger at KFC. And KFC’s rule of "throw away the food after it has been sold for 90 minutes" brought from the United States has also attracted the attention of consumers in China. It is likely that KFC’s great success in exploring the China market attracted McDonald’s. Subsequently, McDonald’s also entered the mainland market of China in 1990. For a long time after that, these two brands were the iconic brands of American fast food culture in China.

　　In 2015, China accounted for half of the global business of Yum! Brands. However, this data can’t hide its downward trend in the China market. Since the incident that Shanghai Fuxi reprocessed expired meat raw materials and changed the shelf life and supplied them to McDonald’s and KFC restaurants in July 2014, KFC’s single-store income began to decline continuously. Yum! China’s same-store sales fell by 16% in the third quarter of 2014, and almost all of them fell by double digits in the following three quarters. Parkson’s financial report for the second quarter of this year, just released in July this year, shows that the same-store sales of KFC in China increased by 2% year-on-year, but it actually climbed slowly from the low base of last year’s lowest valley. During the same period, the same-store sales of Pizza Hut in China shrank by 11%. Therefore, it is widely analyzed that the reason why foreign shareholders strongly demand Yum! Brands to spin off its business in China has something to do with the poor prospect.

　　The "China Golden Period" of franchising may have passed.

　　Franchising is an effective way for KFC to expand its business in the world. As early as 1993, it began to carry out franchising in China, and since 2000, it has only adopted the franchising mode of "not starting from scratch" in China. The so-called "not starting from scratch" means that KFC will hand over a mature and profitable restaurant to its franchisees. In this way, franchisees can put all their energy into the operation and management of stores without having to make preliminary preparations such as site selection, opening stores, recruiting and training employees. This greatly reduces the business risks of KFC franchisees. In the words of Su Jingshi, former president of Yum! China Restaurant Group Greater China, "franchisees can succeed only by maintaining." By this means, KFC has achieved rapid expansion in China, and the number of stores has reached nearly 5,000 by the end of last year.

　　However, KFC has set a high threshold for joining, and the transfer fee for each restaurant is as high as 8 million yuan. After that, the going-concern expenses include the franchise fee accounting for 6% of the sales and the advertising sharing fee accounting for 5% of the sales, and the first agreement is signed for at least ten years. At this point, McDonald’s joining in China is exactly the same, and even the joining fee and cost-sharing ratio are exactly the same. This is obviously not a simple imitation of who, but a careful calculation based on a rigorous business model.

　　In fact, no matter KFC or McDonald’s, its investment in the global business chain is more than the catering service itself, that is, it operates the store in a benign state by selecting a location. As can be seen from the income structure of the two catering giants, this part of the profits is far greater than their own stores. With KFC and McDonald’s reaching the scale of thousands of stores in China and gradually covering third-and fourth-tier cities, the blank market space in the future is getting smaller and smaller, and the golden period of realizing profits through joining and transferring has passed. Therefore, it may be the best time for them to "pack up and sell" their business in China.

　　Although the supply of raw materials, as well as the annual brand use and marketing promotion expenses exceeding 10% of sales are still the long-term benefits they can enjoy, it is obviously only a decimal for them. Moreover, with the increasingly fierce competition in the catering market in China, the future sales potential of these foreign fast foods is not clear.

　　The receiver may want to change the joining mode and continue to expand.

　　Judging from the current Chinese takers of foreign fast food, whether it is Chunhua Capital or Ant Financial, or BTG, Sanpower and Sinochem, which are interested in bidding for McDonald’s China business, their real intention is probably not to directly participate in the catering industry, but to graft their current business to achieve profits in a new expansion mode.

　　This can be seen from the caliber of Ant Financial. "Ant Financial will help Yum! China provide mobile payment services for its brands, including Alipay platform." In fact, although the online speculation of Ma Yun "finally achieved revenge for not being hired by KFC that year", in fact, Ma Yun is definitely a supporting role in this investment — — His total investment with Hu Zuliu of Chunhua Capital will only account for a few percent of Parkson China in the future. Even compared with Hu Zuliu, the $50 million invested by Ma Yun is too small, accounting for only a fraction of the total investment of $460 million.

　　In fact, it can be seen from the fact that no real catering enterprise is willing to take over the business of KFC and McDonald’s in China that these two brands are more tools for the industry, which may also indicate that their future development in China will not be too exciting. Even some people in the industry believe that China KFC and McDonald’s, which have been abandoned by their parent companies, may embark on a development path in China that is divorced from stores in other countries in the world.

　　I don’t know if it is the first move to merge into Ali. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned that KFC will officially enter Tmall on September 6. In the future, consumers can buy electronic coupons for KFC food in Tmall stores and then exchange them for corresponding foods in physical stores.

　　Text/reporter zhangqin

　　Financial observation

　　Kfcs are "old"?

　　Although in many countries, KFC and McDonald’s are still regarded as the representatives of American fast food industry and even the symbols of American consumer culture, in fact, in the United States, more and more people have begun to diversify their choices, especially the opportunities for the younger generation of Americans to enter KFC are decreasing.

　　In the first half of the year, the only cross-industry economic indicator of customer satisfaction in the United States, the American Customer Satisfaction Index, released the 2016 Restaurant Satisfaction Survey Report. It shows that the average satisfaction score of fast food restaurants in the United States this year is 79, but the scores of KFC and Pizza Hut under Yum! are below the average. McDonald’s ranked at the bottom of many participating fast food chain stores with a score of 69 points, and McDonald’s ranked at the bottom last year.

　　As for the poor performance of KFC and McDonald’s, some American businessmen believe that although this does not mean that the food quality of KFC and McDonald’s has declined, they are "really old" in the eyes of American consumers and can no longer be the most typical representative of American fast food culture.

　　In fact, in the China market, KFC and McDonald’s are also facing the same problem. With a new generation of young people becoming the main force of fast food consumption, McDonald’s and KFC are no longer their absolute first choice to experience foreign fast food, and a large number of other brands of fast food subdivide the China market. More crucially, no matter how the varieties cater to the taste of China population, the standard fried chicken, French fries, hamburgers and coke that KFC and McDonald’s take care of have become the global representatives of "junk food". More and more young families in China have kept their children away from such fast food restaurants, at least in first-and second-tier cities.

　　For KFC and McDonald’s in China, the aura of standardization and trustworthiness that they were most proud of in the past has also been shattered with repeated food safety incidents. No matter Sudan red or fast-growing chicken, and then to the Shanghai Fuxi incident, these foreign fast foods have not been able to stay out of it.

　　Text/reporter zhangqin

In order to facilitate taxpayers and grass-roots tax authorities to check the answers to relevant policies, the State Administration of Taxation has comprehensively sorted out and confirmed the questions and answers issued by the State Administration of Taxation from January 2019 to July 2024, and compiled and formed a series of tax and fee support policies since 2019 covering 294 current effective answers in 34 topics in 8 categories.Today, I understand the relevant questions and answers about the VAT reduction and exemption policy for small-scale taxpayers.

[Question 1] I am a small decoration company, and I am a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares on a monthly basis, so I can apply the differential taxation policy for subcontracting of construction services. Excuse me, is the monthly sales of small-scale taxpayers exempted from VAT judged before or after the difference?

A:Judging by the sales after the difference. The Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the Collection and Management of VAT Reduction and Exemption Policies for Small-scale Taxpayers (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.1, 2023) stipulates that small-scale taxpayers who apply the VAT differential taxation policy can determine whether the above-mentioned VAT exemption policy can be implemented based on the sales after the difference. Therefore, if the construction services provided by your company can be deducted by the difference according to the regulations, whether the above-mentioned small-scale taxpayers are exempted from value-added tax policy can be determined by the sales after the difference.

[Question 2] Our company is a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares monthly. On January 6, 2023, we transferred a store. After excluding the sales of the transferred store, it is estimated that the sales in January will be less than 100,000 yuan, and all of them will be invoiced. Can our company enjoy the VAT exemption policy? What should we pay attention to when declaring?

A:Article 1 of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China’s Announcement on the Collection and Management of Small-scale VAT Taxpayers’ Exemption and Exemption Policies (No.1 in 2023) stipulates that if small-scale taxpayers engage in VAT taxable sales, and their total monthly sales exceed 100,000 yuan, but after deducting the sales of real estate that occurred in this period, they do not exceed 100,000 yuan, their sales of goods, services and intangible assets will be exempted from VAT. When your company handles the VAT tax return for the January tax period, you should accurately enter the data of "Sales of Real Estate in Current Period" in the reporting interface of VAT and Additional Taxes (for small-scale taxpayers), and the system will automatically calculate the current sales after deducting the sales of real estate. If the sales after deduction does not exceed 100,000 yuan, you can enjoy the VAT exemption policy. When handling the tax declaration, the deducted sales should be filled in the relevant column of "VAT and Additional Taxes and Fees Declaration Form (applicable to small-scale taxpayers)".

[Question 3] I am a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares on a monthly basis. In August 2023, I issued an ordinary VAT invoice with a 3% collection rate for my customers. If the actual monthly sales do not exceed 100,000 yuan, can I enjoy the preferential tax-free policy?

A:Article 1 of the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Reduction and Exemption of VAT for Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.19, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers with monthly sales of less than 100,000 yuan (inclusive) shall be exempted from VAT. If your monthly sales do not exceed 100,000 yuan, you can directly declare tax exemption when you declare tax, and enjoy the policy of exemption from value-added tax.

[Question 4] Our company is a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares monthly. In September 2023, it is estimated that the income from selling goods will be 200,000 yuan. What tax reduction and exemption policy can we enjoy and how to issue VAT invoices?

A:Article 2 of the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Reduction and Exemption of VAT for Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.19, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers shall apply taxable sales income at a rate of 3%, and the VAT shall be levied at a reduced rate of 1%. Article 5 of the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the Collection and Management of Small-scale VAT Taxpayers’ Reduction and Exemption of VAT and Other Policies (No.1 in 2023) stipulates that if small-scale taxpayers obtain taxable sales income and apply the policy of collecting VAT at a reduced rate of 1%, they should issue VAT invoices at a rate of 1%. Therefore, your income from selling goods in September was 200,000 yuan, and you can apply the policy of collecting VAT at a reduced rate of 1%, and issue special VAT invoices or ordinary VAT invoices at a rate of 1%.

[Question 5] I am a catering company. I am a small-scale taxpayer who declares value-added tax on a monthly basis. On August 25th, 2023, I issued an ordinary VAT invoice with a rate of 3% of 20,000 yuan for my customers. The actual monthly sales in August was 150,000 yuan, all of which were sales revenue at 3% levy rate. Our customers were individuals and could not recover the invoices already issued. Can our company still enjoy the policy of 3% levy rate sales revenue minus 1% levy rate for VAT?

A:Article 2 of the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Reduction and Exemption of VAT for Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.19, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers shall apply taxable sales income at a rate of 3%, and the VAT shall be levied at a reduced rate of 1%. Your sales income of 3% tax rate is 150,000 yuan, you can directly declare tax reduction when you declare tax payment, and you can enjoy the policy of 3% tax rate sales income minus 1% tax rate. In order to reduce your tax burden, there is no need to void or change the ordinary VAT invoice with 3% levy rate. However, it should be noted that, according to the Measures for the Administration of Invoices in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other relevant regulations, taxpayers should issue invoices truthfully. Article 5 of the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the Collection and Management of Small-scale VAT Taxpayers’ Reduction and Exemption of VAT and Other Policies (No.1 in 2023) stipulates that if small-scale taxpayers obtain taxable sales income and apply the policy of collecting VAT at a reduced rate of 1%, they should issue VAT invoices at a rate of 1%. Therefore, in the future, when you enjoy the policy of 3% levy rate for sales revenue minus 1% levy rate for VAT, if you need to issue an ordinary VAT invoice, you should issue it at 1% levy rate.

[Question 6] Our company is a small-scale VAT taxpayer who retails motorcycles. In August 2023, the sales volume was 90,000 yuan. When invoicing customers, it was impossible to confirm whether the sales volume this month would exceed 100,000 yuan, and a unified invoice for motor vehicle sales with a 1% levy rate was issued. Can I still enjoy the tax exemption policy for monthly sales below 100,000 yuan? My individual customers are general VAT taxpayers, can I deduct the input tax?

A:Article 1 of the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Reduction and Exemption of VAT for Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.19, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers with monthly sales of less than 100,000 yuan (inclusive) shall be exempted from VAT. If your monthly sales do not exceed 100,000 yuan, you can directly declare tax exemption when you declare tax payment, and enjoy the policy of exemption from value-added tax. If your customer is a general taxpayer, you can deduct the corresponding input tax on the basis of the unified invoice for motor vehicle sales with 1% levy rate.

[Question 7] Our company is a small-scale VAT taxpayer who retails motorcycles, with a monthly sales of about 100,000 yuan. When invoicing customers in the middle of the month, it is impossible to confirm whether I can enjoy the tax exemption policy with a monthly sales of less than 100,000 yuan this month. How can I issue a unified invoice for motor vehicle sales if I want to enjoy the preferential policies of small-scale taxpayers?

A:Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Policy of Reducing and Exempting VAT for Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.19, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers with monthly sales of less than 100,000 yuan (inclusive) shall be exempted from VAT. Small-scale taxpayers of value-added tax are subject to taxable sales income at a rate of 3%, and value-added tax is levied at a reduced rate of 1%. When you invoice in the middle of the month, you don’t know whether the sales will exceed 100,000 yuan and whether you can enjoy the tax exemption policy. You should first issue a unified invoice for motor vehicle sales at the rate of 1%. When declaring tax, if the monthly sales amount does not exceed 100,000 yuan, you can declare tax exemption when declaring tax. If the monthly sales amount exceeds 100,000 yuan, you can declare and pay VAT at a reduced rate of 1%.

[Question 8] I am a small-scale taxpayer engaged in motorcycle sales, and my monthly sales amount is less than 100,000 yuan. Can I still issue a special tax-free VAT invoice?

A:Article 1 of the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Reduction and Exemption of VAT for Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.19, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers with monthly sales of less than 100,000 yuan (inclusive) shall be exempted from VAT. Small-scale taxpayers selling motor vehicles can enjoy the tax exemption policy according to the above provisions, and issue special VAT invoices with the words "motor vehicles" in the upper left corner as "tax exemption".

[Question 9] I am a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares monthly, and my monthly sales amount is about 100,000 yuan, but I can’t confirm whether my total income will exceed 100,000 yuan when I invoice my customers. How can I invoice if I want to enjoy the preferential policies for small-scale taxpayers?

A:Article 1 of the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Reduction and Exemption of VAT for Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.19, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers with monthly sales of less than 100,000 yuan (inclusive) shall be exempted from VAT. Small-scale taxpayers of value-added tax are subject to taxable sales income at a rate of 3%, and value-added tax is levied at a reduced rate of 1%. If you are not sure whether the sales in the current month will exceed 100,000 yuan, and the taxable sales income with 3% levy rate applies, you should first issue a general VAT invoice at 1% levy rate. When declaring tax, if the monthly sales amount does not exceed 100,000 yuan, you can declare tax exemption when declaring tax. If the monthly sales amount exceeds 100,000 yuan, you can declare and pay VAT at a reduced rate of 1%.

[Question 10] I am a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares on a monthly basis. In May 2023, I issued an ordinary VAT invoice at a rate of 3% according to my custom. If the actual monthly sales do not exceed 100,000 yuan, can I enjoy the preferential tax-free policy?

A:The Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on the Policy of Reducing and Exempting VAT for Small-scale Taxpayers (Announcement No.19 of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation in 2023) stipulates that before December 31, 2027, small-scale taxpayers with monthly sales of less than 100,000 yuan (inclusive) will be exempted from VAT. If your monthly sales do not exceed 100,000 yuan, you can directly declare tax exemption when you declare tax, and enjoy the policy of exemption from value-added tax.

[Question 11] Our company is a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares on a monthly basis. In January 2023, the sales amount of RMB 150,000 which is subject to 3% levy rate was incurred, and all of them were invoiced on January 4, of which RMB 100,000 was issued with tax-free invoice and RMB 50,000 with 3% levy rate. According to the regulations, the policy of 3% minus 1% levy rate can be applied. How should I apply for the VAT tax declaration of January tax?

A:Article 7 of the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the Collection and Management of Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (No.1, 2023) stipulates that taxpayers are subject to VAT at a reduced rate of 1% in accordance with the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Defining the Policies of Small-scale VAT Taxpayers’ Reduction and Exemption (No.1, 2023). The corresponding sales amount shall be filled in the corresponding column of VAT and Additional Taxes Declaration Form (for small-scale taxpayers) and VAT-free sales amount (3% collection rate), and the corresponding reduced VAT tax amount shall be calculated as 2% of the sales amount and filled in the corresponding column of VAT tax reduction items in VAT and Additional Taxes Declaration Form (for small-scale taxpayers), Taxable Amount Reduction in Current Period and Detailed Statement of VAT Reduction and Exemption. Your company applies the policy of collecting VAT at a reduced rate of 1%. Before the publication of the above policy documents, the taxable sales of the tax-free invoices and the ordinary VAT invoices with a rate of 3% shall be filled in according to the above requirements.

[Question 12] I am a small company that wholesales goods, and I belong to a small-scale VAT taxpayer who declares monthly. In April, our company earned 500,000 yuan from selling real estate (excluding VAT, the same below) and 80,000 yuan from selling goods. Excuse me, can our company enjoy the VAT exemption policy for small-scale taxpayers with monthly sales below 100,000 yuan?

A:The Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the Collection and Management of Small-scale VAT Taxpayers (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.1, 2023) stipulates that small-scale VAT taxpayers (hereinafter referred to as small-scale taxpayers) are exempt from VAT if their total monthly sales do not exceed 100,000 yuan (if one quarter is a tax period, the quarterly sales do not exceed 300,000 yuan, the same below). Small-scale taxpayers engaged in taxable sales of value-added tax, with total monthly sales exceeding 100,000 yuan, but not exceeding 100,000 yuan after deducting the sales of real estate in the current period, shall be exempted from value-added tax on the sales of goods, services and intangible assets. Your company’s total monthly sales exceed 100,000 yuan, but it does not exceed 100,000 yuan after deducting the sales of real estate in this period. Therefore, according to the regulations, the sales obtained by your company from selling goods can enjoy the exemption of value-added tax policy for small-scale taxpayers with monthly sales below 100,000 yuan. Income from the sale of real estate shall be subject to value-added tax according to regulations.

　　　　Hepatitis B is one of the infectious diseases with the highest incidence rate in China, and its mortality rate ranks among the top three reported infectious diseases in China. There are about 120 million hepatitis B virus carriers in China. The annual direct medical expenses for liver diseases in China are as high as more than 100 billion yuan. The incidence of hepatitis B in our province is also on the rise, and the incidence of hepatitis B is higher than the national average. The epidemic of hepatitis B is seriously endangering public health. Hepatitis B can be prevented, but the public doesn’t know enough about it. Therefore, it has become the unshirkable responsibility of the whole society to popularize the knowledge of hepatitis B prevention and improve their self-care awareness and self-protection ability.

　　　　How big is the source of hepatitis B infection in China?

　　　　On September 3, the reporter learned from the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as the "Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention") that China has a large population and is a high-prevalence area of hepatitis B (hereinafter referred to as "hepatitis B"), and about 120 million people are carriers of hepatitis B virus. Among the hepatitis B virus carriers, about 20 million to 30 million people are chronic hepatitis B patients. Every year, about 300,000 people die from liver diseases related to hepatitis B virus infection, such as severe hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, the incidence of hepatitis B in our province has also shown a gradual upward trend, and the incidence of hepatitis B is higher than the national average. From January to July this year alone, the incidence of hepatitis B ranked first in the number of legally reported infectious diseases in our province. From January to July this year, the incidence of hepatitis B in the province was 1248 cases, 785 cases, 1423 cases, 1225 cases, 1205 cases, 1237 cases and 1393 cases respectively.

　　　　According to experts from the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the source of infection of hepatitis B virus mainly comes from acute and chronic hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers. Hepatitis B virus mainly propagates in human liver cells. Hepatitis B virus is also propagated in other organs and tissues of human body, such as endothelial cells, kidneys, white blood cells, pancreas, muscles and germ cells (referring to sperm) on the inner surface of small blood vessels, and a small amount of hepatitis B virus is found in muscles (smooth muscles) on intestines. Therefore, hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers can’t supply blood, and their organs are not suitable for donation after death, because their organs all carry hepatitis B virus.

　　　　The expert went on to say that the main ways of hepatitis B transmission include blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission. Once hepatitis B virus enters the damaged skin mucosa, it can cause new infection. Mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B virus or patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B can spread to their own children in the fetal period, perinatal period and infancy. Experts estimate that 30%-40% of hepatitis B virus carriers in China originate from the spread of such mothers. This infection is very dangerous and serious. Because 90% of infected people can become hepatitis B virus carriers. The relationship between hepatitis B virus and liver cancer is very close, especially familial liver cancer is mostly related to hepatitis B virus infection. The mother is a carrier of hepatitis B virus, and most of her children are infected in childhood and become carriers of hepatitis B virus. It takes about 30-50 years for hepatitis B virus carriers to develop into liver cancer. Once infants and young children are infected with hepatitis B virus, they will become the main population with liver cancer in the future. Therefore, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine must be given to the baby within 24 hours after birth in order to effectively block the infection of hepatitis B virus.

　　　　What are the clinical symptoms of hepatitis B?

　　　　According to experts from the provincial CDC, the average incubation period of hepatitis B is 6 weeks, but it may be as long as 6 months. Children are often asymptomatic after infection. But compared with adults, most children can become carriers of hepatitis B virus. Symptomatic hepatitis B patients will feel weak, have stomach upset and other flu-like symptoms, and also have dark urine color or grayish white feces, common jaundice (yellow skin or yellow sclera), and the symptoms can last for weeks or months. Most adults can fully recover from acute hepatitis B virus infection, but many children will become hepatitis B virus carriers. Patients with acute hepatitis B have lifelong immunity to the disease after rehabilitation (without becoming chronic carriers). If there are unexplained symptoms such as burnout, fatigue, loss of appetite, liver pain, hepatomegaly, tapping pain in liver area, jaundice, dark urine color, etc., liver disease examination and hepatitis B serological test should be done.

　　　　How to prevent hepatitis B

　　　　According to experts from the provincial CDC, two measures can be taken to prevent hepatitis B? Don’t use blood and blood products that haven’t been tested for hepatitis B in life and collective environment as much as possible, don’t go to black dens to donate blood, don’t have homosexual behavior and whoring behavior, don’t use unclean syringes, acupuncture needles, dental drills and endoscopes and other interventional medical instruments, and don’t share razors, ear needles, tattoo needles, toothbrushes and other instruments. In addition, it is to inoculate hepatitis B vaccine to improve its own immune antibody level.

　　　　Hepatitis B vaccine is suitable for all people.

　　　　Who is suitable for hepatitis B vaccination? According to experts from the provincial CDC, hepatitis B vaccine is also the only vaccine that can prevent liver cancer. Vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is the core strategy to prevent hepatitis B. In addition to neonatal immunization, preschool children, adults and high-risk groups of hepatitis B should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine.

　　　　He said that the first group of people is newborns, which is the most important group to receive hepatitis B vaccine immunization. Because if you are infected by hepatitis B virus during this period, 90% of you can become asymptomatic infected and hepatitis B virus carriers, and the consequences are very serious. 30% of liver cancer related to hepatitis B virus infection comes from hepatitis B virus infection in newborns, and a large proportion of them develop into chronic hepatitis. Therefore, neonatal immunization is the most important thing to prevent hepatitis B. Since 2003, our government has provided free hepatitis B vaccine for newborns, and stipulated that all newborns must receive hepatitis B vaccine immunization, which is the right of children and the obligation of parents.

　　　　The second group of people are children under 6 years old. Infants infected with hepatitis B are easy to become carriers of hepatitis B virus. The younger the infection age, the greater the probability of persistent infection. After such children are infected with hepatitis B virus, 30%-70% of them can also become carriers of hepatitis B virus, and they will easily develop into chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer in adulthood.

　　　　The third group of people are doctors, especially doctors in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, dentistry and otolaryngology, laboratory workers engaged in serum testing and all nurses. Anyone who has not been infected with hepatitis B virus should be vaccinated. Besides protecting yourself, it can also protect the safety of patients. In addition, if there are hepatitis B patients or hepatitis B virus carriers at home, their family members should be vaccinated against hepatitis B to avoid infection.

　　　　The fourth group of people are those who are engaged in heavy physical labor and are easy to cause labor injuries.

　　　　The fifth group of people is people with low immune function. For example, after tumor surgery, people who take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time, renal dialysis patients, and blood patients who often need blood transfusion and blood products are in poor health and have low resistance. Once they are infected with hepatitis B virus, the consequences are very serious, so they should be vaccinated with high doses of hepatitis B vaccine.

　　　　The sixth group of people are the army, college students of certain majors, etc. However, there are also some people who can’t get hepatitis B vaccine and don’t need it. If a person with a fever can’t be vaccinated, wait until his fever has gone down. Secondly, people with allergies, that is, people who are allergic to many things should use hepatitis B vaccine with caution. There are already protective antibodies in the body, and people with high levels do not need to be immunized again. However, if the antibody level is very low, it is still a suitable target for vaccine immunization.

　　　　Three needles, protect the child’s life!

　　　　On September 3rd, the reporter learned that according to the actual situation in our province, the Provincial Health Department, in cooperation with the China Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Foundation, will give free hepatitis B vaccine to 500,000 school-age children in Haidong, Haixi and Yushu from September this year to May next year, so that more than 95% of school-age children in primary schools in the province can get free hepatitis B vaccination, thus making Qinghai one of the provinces that have completed hepatitis B vaccination for school-age children nationwide. Therefore, experts from relevant departments in our province especially remind the public that hepatitis B can evolve into chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, and hepatitis B vaccine can indirectly prevent liver cancer. Therefore, after three shots of hepatitis B vaccine are given in newborns and childhood, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer can be prevented. After the child is born, he should be given three injections according to the procedure of 0, 1 and 6 months stipulated by the national immunization plan, that is, the first injection should be given within 24 hours after birth, the second injection should be given at one month and the third injection should be given at six months. Adults and children can be vaccinated according to the procedures of 0, 1 and 6 months, which can protect you and your child’s life. (Author: Wang Xiaohong)

Editor: Tian Shijia

　　The State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference on the afternoon of December 20th, inviting experts from immunization program, virology, respiratory and infectious diseases, children’s health and other fields to attend, introducing the medical services for key populations. Pay attention together!

—— About the treatment of illness—

　　Is it necessary for people to use COVID-19’s specific drugs, and can they take them by themselves?

　　Several antiviral drugs were recommended in the ninth edition of the diagnosis and treatment plan, including monoclonal antibodies, nematvir, and azvudine added later. The early use of these antiviral drugs may reduce the occurrence of severe diseases, shorten the course of disease and shorten the time of virus detoxification.At present, these three antiviral drugs are still emphasized to be used in medical institutions and under the guidance of doctors. In particular, monoclonal antibodies need to be administered intravenously and used during hospitalization, which is not suitable for use in outpatient clinics or at home.Naimatevir is a small molecule antiviral drug, which can effectively reduce the risk of severe illness, and the indications are mild and common.When using, we should pay special attention to the interaction between drugs. Some drugs, such as simvastatin and amiodarone, which are being used by the elderly with basic diseases, can’t use drugs such as nimatvir.Therefore, it is emphasized that this drug should also be used under the guidance of a doctor. Azvudine is also a small molecule antiviral drug, which is used to treat AIDS. It is found that it can shorten the course of disease, reduce the virus level and improve symptoms during the treatment in COVID-19, so it is also approved for marketing and can be used in COVID-19. Similarly,This drug also has some precautions, including that pregnant women can’t use it.,Use with caution if there is severe or moderate liver and kidney damage.Therefore, it is emphasized that it should be used under the guidance of a doctor.

　　What are the taboos in the use of common drugs after infection?

　　Generally, after being infected with Covid-19, people use more drugs called symptomatic drugs, that is, they have fever and general pain, and use some antipyretic and analgesic drugs. If you have sore throat, cough and expectoration, and gastrointestinal symptoms, use some corresponding symptomatic drugs. Some are prescribed by doctors, and some may be purchased by themselves.We must be optimistic about the instructions, dosage, frequency of use and other precautions.Some medicine,For example, acetaminophen is a commonly used antipyretic and analgesic, and its contraindication is that patients with severe liver and renal insufficiency should be banned.. For example, there are some people,People with recurrent digestive tract ulcers and bleeding, pregnant or lactating women or people who are allergic to certain antipyretic and analgesic drugs should also be cautious.. When you are advised to use these drugs again,Don’t drink alcohol or alcoholic beverages.. I hope that when you use these symptomatic drugs,Try to use simpler medicine.Because different drugs may sometimes interact with each other, which may increase the potential adverse side effects. There are also patients who have this tendency. In order to control the symptoms quickly, it is not recommended to double the dosage of the drug.Because doubling the dosage of the drug may not be effective, but it increases the burden on the liver and increases the side effects.Some Chinese patent medicines or soup medicines can also improve symptoms and have a certain rehabilitation effect. You can also choose them.

　　It is not recommended to cover the sweat to reduce the fever of the baby.

　　In fact, acetaminophen is the only antipyretic drug that children from 2 months to 6 months can choose. Children under 2 months cannot take antipyretics orally.Therefore, it has always been suggested that babies under 2 months, including newborns, must be sent to the hospital in time if they have a fever, so that medical staff can help the children.

　　It is not recommended to give a baby a fever by covering his sweat.The reason is that the development of baby’s thermoregulation center is not perfect, and skin heat dissipation is a very important way to reduce fever. If these children are covered with too many clothes or covers, they will have no way to dissipate heat through the skin. In the case of heat, their body temperature may be higher and higher, even reaching more than 40 degrees, which is not uncommon in clinic.And some children may have severe heat syndrome.Serious complications such as respiratory failure, dehydration, nervous system injury and even life-threatening may occur. Therefore, when these children have a fever, in addition to the help of medical staff,We should try our best to create a relatively cool and ventilated environment for children and reduce clothing appropriately to improve their comfort..

　　What should parents do if the child has febrile convulsion?

　　Febrile convulsion is a very common emergency in pediatric emergency. Respiratory infection caused by virus is the most common cause of febrile convulsion in our children.The age of children mainly involved is between 6 months and 5 years old, which usually occurs in the first 24 hours of fever, especially in the period of rapid temperature rise, and febrile convulsions are most likely to occur.Under normal circumstances, the child’s body temperature may reach above 38.5 degrees. Children with febrile convulsions usually show stiff limbs or shaking, clenched teeth, tilted eyes or upturned eyes, which may be accompanied by cyanosis of the lips. At this time, there may be no response to external stimuli. In the event of febrile convulsion, parents are advised to do the following.

　　First,Lay the child flat on a flat bed, table or floor.Don’t have sharp things around you, mainly to prevent the child from falling and secondary injury during the seizure.

　　Second,You can unbutton your child’s collar and keep his respiratory tract unobstructed..

　　Third, you can tilt your child’s head to one side. If possible,Keep the child lying on the right side,In case the child vomits, aspiration will lead to suffocation.

　　In the whole process, remind parents that there are several things not to do. First of all,Don’t put anything in your mouth when the child has a seizure., including spoon handles, chopsticks, fingers of adults, etc., because this may cause damage to children or adults themselves. Second, during the seizure,Don’t feed your child anything, including medicine and water.. Third, during the seizure,Don’t try to bind the child’s limbs.Don’t let his limbs twitch, because this may cause secondary injuries to his limbs. Fourth, so far,There is no evidence that pinching people can shorten the seizure time of children.On the contrary, parents may be particularly nervous and exert too much force during the seizure, thus causing soft tissue damage in this part of the child, so parents are not advised to pinch their children.

　　When the child has convulsions,To reduce unnecessary stimulation.. In general,The duration of children’s febrile convulsion is 3 to 5 minutes, and it can stop by itself. When the convulsion stops, the child can be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.However, if the child has had a state of convulsion in the past, or this episode has been more than 5 minutes, then in this process, the possibility of the child’s convulsion stopping on its own will be relatively small. Parents are advised to send the child to the hospital as soon as possible.

　　For the vast majority of children, febrile convulsions will not affect the development of the nervous system and will not leave behind sequelae of the nervous system, so parents need not worry too much.At present, there is no evidence that taking antipyretics in advance has a preventive effect on children with a history of febrile convulsions. At the same time, because the child’s body temperature rises very quickly, there is basically no way to prevent the occurrence of febrile convulsions.

　　Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should go to the hospital for further diagnosis and treatment after they are infected with COVID-19.

　　Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease in China. The common symptoms of patients are cough and expectoration, sometimes accompanied by dyspnea, and often upper respiratory tract infection leads to the aggravation of the original symptoms. So when should I go to the hospital for further treatment? The first rule isContinue to have a fever, take conventional antipyretic and analgesic drugs, and the body temperature will not drop for more than two days.; The second isThe patient has listlessness, lethargy, listlessness and even unconsciousness, or some signs, such as cyanosis of the lips and edema of the lower limbs;The third isThe patient developed dyspnea, shortness of breath, wheezing,If the breathing frequency exceeds 30 beats/min, this is a sign of shortness of breath; Fourth, if there is a home percutaneous oxygen saturation monitor,Monitoring indicates that the patient’s oxygen saturation is ≤93%.It also suggests that there may be hypoxia; Fifth, after using some emergency drugs, such as bronchodilators, the symptoms of patients are not relieved or further aggravated; Sixth, patients with other symptoms, such as severe gastrointestinal symptoms, inability to eat, weakness, inability to walk, etc., all need to go to the hospital for further treatment.

　　How should patients with respiratory diseases be treated at home once they are infected with COVID-19?

　　If patients with chronic respiratory diseases have COVID-19, first of all, don’t panic, have a normal rest, drink plenty of water, eat balanced and digestible foods such as vegetables and fruits, and so on. Second, do some symptomatic treatment, such as fever, body aches, sore throat, cough, expectoration, etc., that is, take analgesics or drugs to treat sore throat, cough and phlegm. After all, patients with respiratory diseases are people with basic diseases, so they need to monitor their symptoms at home, especially cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and dyspnea. Third, some respiratory symptoms sometimes get worse during infection, even if it is common flu, common cold or virus infection. At this time, some symptomatic drugs should be used first.For example, if the symptoms of dyspnea and dyspnea get worse at once, first use some short-acting bronchodilators for emergency treatment. You can spray 1-2 inhalations at a time, and then inhale 1-2 inhalations every 20 minutes, with no more than 6-8 inhalations in the first hour.. If the symptoms gradually improve or stabilize through this symptomatic treatment, you can continue to observe the symptoms at home. If the symptoms change further, you can go to the doctor again. Fourth,Routine medication must be adhered to.. Fifth,To monitor oxygen saturation at home in time,Know whether the condition has changed in time.

About vaccination—

　　What do you think of the saying that "it is better for young people to be vaccinated than to be infected with Omicron"?

　　Although the pathogenicity of Omicron strain which is popular at present is weakened compared with other variants which were popular in the past. However, after being infected with Omicron mutant, there is still the risk of serious illness and death.This risk of serious illness and death will be reflected at all ages.It’s just that the risk of serious illness and death of the elderly, which we emphasized in the past, will be higher in the whole population. In addition, the proportion of people with basic diseases will be higher.

　　At present, many studies have shown that,Compared with those who have completed the whole course or strengthened immunization with Covid-19 vaccine, the risk of hospitalization or severe illness and death of those who have not been vaccinated is quite different, including young people and adults. If this risk exists to a certain extent, it can be reduced by vaccination. Therefore, it is suggested that those who have not been vaccinated should be vaccinated, and those who have not completed the enhanced vaccination should complete the enhanced vaccination as soon as possible.Whether it is the elderly, adults or young people, the risk is reduced to a relatively low level..

　　Can people who have recently recovered from infection be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine?

　　If Covid-19 has been confirmed recently,Covid-19 vaccination is not recommended in the near future.. At present, the immune protection produced by simple infection is not as strong as the mixed immune protection produced by infection and vaccination, so if vaccination is needed in the later stage, it is recommended to vaccinate. How long is this interval? According to the current technical guidelines for vaccination in Covid-19,If Covid-19 is diagnosed, the time between infection and Covid-19 vaccination should be more than 6 months.Of course, our immunization strategy will be continuously improved and adjusted with the understanding of diseases, vaccines and the need for disease control.

　　Can cancer patients be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine?

　　As for cancer patients, due to illness and chemotherapy, the immunity of some people will be low, which will increase the risk of serious illness and death. So, in this case,These patients need to be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine to be protected, and they are also among the priority groups for vaccination..

　　The clinical manifestations of cancer are actually varied, and the treatment process is also very complicated.Whether cancer patients who are in the onset or in the treatment stage can be vaccinated depends on the judgment of relevant professionals.. Because of the low immune function, the immune protection reaction of cancer patients after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine may not be as strong as that of healthy people. In the "Work Plan for Strengthening Vaccination in Covid-19 for the Elderly", it is also specifically mentioned that "all localities should scientifically evaluate contraindications, and the specific reasons for those who do have contraindications should be clarified one by one", which is also applicable to the current evaluation of contraindications for cancer patients.

　　It’s been a long time since the whole immunization was completed. Is it still useful to carry out intensive immunization now?

　　After vaccination in Covid-19, there is a protective effect, one is to produce antibodies, the other is to produce cellular immunity and immune memory. After vaccination, the antibody level will decrease with the passage of time. In addition, with the variation of the virus, the immune escape is also enhanced, which further weakens the role of antibodies. But,Cellular immunity, especially in preventing severe illness and death, plays a lasting role..

　　Studies have shown that,Vaccination with booster needles can arouse the immune memory cells of the body on the one hand, and improve the antibody level on the other hand, further consolidating the preventive effect on severe illness and death.. Therefore, it is emphasized that those who have not completed the booster immunization should complete the booster immunization as soon as possible in accordance with the provisions of the immunization program as long as they meet the vaccination conditions.

About strain variation—

　　If a new mutant appears, there is still the risk of reinfection.

　　Now we are infected with BF.7 and BA.5.2,If a new mutant appears, there is still the risk of reinfection.. At present, from the data,The risk of reinfection or reinfection of Omicron strain is higher than that of the original strain, including higher than Delta and the original strain.. Judging from the time when the secondary infection appears, there is usually an interval, and it will not be said that it will be reinfected soon after infection.The probability of reinfection of the same strain is extremely low. Even if infected, there will be no obvious symptoms, which are generally mild.. Secondary infection mainly refers to the breakthrough infection of mutant, and the time interval of breakthrough infection is closely related to clinical manifestations. The shorter the interval, the lighter the symptoms, and the more severe the symptoms after the interval, which is directly related to the antibody immunity in the body. A study in Sweden also found that,After being infected with Omicron strain, the symptoms of secondary infection or tertiary infection with different strains in Omicron are very mild, and they are basically asymptomatic infected people or mild cases..

　　Of course, we should also pay attention to some elderly people. For example, we have done a study on American veterans. Among the elderly veterans, after the second infection, some patients do get worse or even die.Therefore, despite the infection, after the emergence of a new virus epidemic strain, personal protection should be done, especially for the elderly and those with basic diseases.In addition, it is very clear that vaccination in Covid-19 can effectively reduce the risk of severe illness and death. A study in Italy found that vaccination can reduce the incidence of secondary infection and reduce the probability of hospitalization after infection. So,The elderly and those with basic diseases should also emphasize vaccination..

　　What is the pathogenicity of BQ.1 and XBB strains, and will it trigger a new round of epidemic in China?

　　BQ.1 and XBB are new branches of variation in Omicron. Internationally, it has been gradually shown in some European and American countries that they are dominant strains.The main manifestation is the increase of transmission ability and immune escape ability, but its pathogenicity is not obviously different from other series of variants in Omicron.The severe illness rate and mortality rate have not increased significantly in these countries where BQ.1 and XBB are prevalent.In recent three months, BF.7, BQ.1 and XBB have been detected in China.A total of more than 130 subfamilies from Omicron were imported into China, and these 50 subfamilies caused related local cases or outbreaks.The whole BQ.1 and XBB have not yet formed a dominant communication in China (at present, BA.5.2 and BF.7 are still the main ones).However, its propagation advantages will gradually increase, and it may form a common cycle with BA.5.2 and BF.7, as well as other sub-branches with more than 50 inputs.

　　The prevention of BQ.1 and XBB is actually the same as other Omicron mutants, that is, to monitor whether its pathogenicity has changed or not, and whether its genome has further variation. If its clinical characteristics have changed, we will link it with the genome characteristics for judgment.However, there is no report that BQ.1 and XBB cause serious illness and death at home and abroad..

　　It is less likely that a highly contagious and highly pathogenic strain will appear.

　　From the appearance of Omicron in November 2021 to December 18, 2022,There are 709 sub-branches in the world, which have evolved from the five branches of BA.1 to BA.5., including recombinant strains, there are 72 strains produced by recombination between these subfamilies, and XBB is one of these 72 strains. Therefore, the variation of Omicron will continue. As long as it circulates in the crowd, it will replicate, and replication will mutate. The genetic variation of the virus itself may lead to the change of some antigenic epitopes and increase its immune escape ability. So the variation trend in Omicron is,Those with strong immune escape ability are dominant.. Immune escape makes people susceptible to this strain, even if its spreading power is not enhanced, its spreading advantage will still increase.

　　Will it increase its spreading power and lethality? This possibility is relatively small.The cases of hospitalization, death and severe illness caused by Omicron were significantly lower than those caused by early Delta strain and other VOC variants. Therefore, no significant increase in severity and death was observed throughout more than 700 branches.Therefore, on the whole, it is less likely that the pathogenicity will increase significantly. It is even less likely that it will have a more infectious and lethal strain. Nowadays, people have obtained a certain degree of immunity through vaccines or natural infections, which has good protection for people. Even if the virus mutates again, the risk of transmission will increase unless some subversive recombination leads to complete immune escape, but this possibility is relatively small.Therefore, on the whole, it is unlikely that there will be strains with high infectivity and high pathogenicity.

　　What are the monitoring methods for epidemic mutant strains in China at present?

　　After the optimization of the national COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control strategy, China CDC Institute of Virology formulated the Work Plan for Monitoring Covid-19 Mutant in Chinese Population according to the co-circulation of several Covid-19 subtypes in China. Scheme requirementsChoose three cities in each province and one sentinel hospital in each city. Each sentinel hospital takes samples of 15 emergency cases, 10 severe cases and all deaths every week for genome sequencing and analysis, and uploads the sequencing data to CDC Virology Institute in China within one week, and we establish the national Covid-19 genome database.. Through the implementation of this scheme, the epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 Omicron series mutants in China and the composition ratio of each subtype can be dynamically monitored in real time, and new mutants with potential biological characteristics change, including clinical manifestations, transmission power, pathogenicity and so on. It provides scientific basis for vaccine development and diagnostic reagent evaluation (including nucleic acid and antigen, etc.).

-other-

　　How to treat the saying that "Erwin Engst is good early"?

　　Although Omicron is highly contagious, most of it is self-limited after infection, and its pathogenicity or severity is relatively low, butIntentional infection is not advocated or recommended.. Also emphasize that,The elderly, those with basic diseases, especially those who have not been vaccinated, must be well protected from infection in the first round of epidemic peak.. At this epidemic peak, there may be problems of uneven distribution of medical resources or a run, which will lead to the failure of timely and effective treatment for critically ill patients. We still hope that these elderly people will be well protected, including those in nursing homes and those who are bedridden with basic diseases. Everyone should pay special attention to avoid infection. At the same time, those who have not been vaccinated will continue to be vaccinated.

　　At the stage of the first round of rapid epidemic growth, with the passage of time, the number of infected people will increase, and the rapid upward trend will slow down, which is a universal law. But,After a period of time, with the extensive development of large-scale social activities, including Spring Festival travel rush or various social activities, there may be a new round of epidemic. The wave appearance of this epidemic may eventually form a certain group immune barrier, and the incidence rate will drop significantly..

　　What are the criteria for judging COVID-19’s death at present?

　　Different from the epidemic situation in Wuhan in early 2020, most patients died of respiratory failure in COVID-19 at that time. Now, after Omicron virus infection, the proportion of pneumonia in upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract is relatively low, and some patients have pneumonia, but the cases leading to respiratory failure are rare. As seen from clinical practice,At present, the main cause of death after Omicron virus infection is basic disease, and respiratory failure caused by Covid-19 infection is rare..

　　In order to reflect the deaths caused by the COVID-19 epidemic scientifically, objectively and realistically, National Health Commission recently organized experts to demonstrate and issued a notice, clearly classifying the related deaths scientifically. Mainly in two aspects,Pneumonia and respiratory failure caused by Covid-19 are the primary diagnosis of death, which is classified as death caused by Covid-19 infection.; Death caused by other diseases and basic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and myocardial infarction, is not classified as death caused by COVID-19. In order to better standardize the judgment of death caused by COVID-19 epidemic, it is required to adopt the way of consultation and death case discussion to finally judge whether the patient died of COVID-19 or other basic diseases.

　　Ensuring national food security is the primary task of building an agricultural power. Last year, China’s grain production achieved another bumper harvest, which provided important support for stabilizing the economic market. However, the demand for food is still growing rigidly, and the pressure to secure the rice bowl is increasing.

　　This year, the No.1 document of the Central Committee proposed to do a good job in grain production, ensure that the national grain output remains above 1.3 trillion Jin, stabilize the area, focus on yield per unit area, and strive to increase production. The reporter was informed that in the next step, the relevant departments will step up the implementation of a new round of 100 billion Jin of grain production capacity improvement, intensify the cultivation of soybean oil, consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions, and strive to push grain production capacity to a new level as soon as possible.

　　Push production capacity to a new level.

　　A year’s plan starts with spring. At present, the national spring ploughing preparation is being carried out from south to north one after another, laying the foundation for winning the annual grain harvest.

　　Ensuring the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products is the top priority in building an agricultural power. China’s grain output has been stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years. Especially last year, it overcame multiple unfavorable factors such as epidemic situation, sharp fluctuations in international food prices and high agricultural prices, and won a bumper harvest, which provided important support for stabilizing expectations, prices and confidence.

　　Document No.1 of the Central Committee continues to give top priority to ensuring the stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products, and demands to ensure that the national grain output remains above 1.3 trillion Jin, stabilize the area, focus on yield per unit area, strive to increase production, and implement a new round of 100 billion Jin grain production capacity improvement action.

　　"It is necessary to concentrate the necessary resources and means, and strive to push the grain production capacity to a new level at an early date. A step of 100 billion Jin means more than 1.4 trillion Jin. " Tang Renjian, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said.

　　Increasing the capacity of soybean and corn is the key. "In recent years, affected by the epidemic situation, international geopolitics and other factors, the global industrial chain and supply chain have been hit, and the stable and safe supply of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar in China is facing certain challenges, especially the external dependence of edible oil. In this context, it is very urgent to improve the domestic production capacity of these products. " Han Yijun, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of China Agricultural University, said.

　　Document No.1 of the Central Committee made it clear that the project of improving corn yield per unit area should be implemented. Tang Renjian said that it will intensify efforts to plant soybean oil, solidly promote soybean and corn strip compound planting, support grain-bean rotation in Northeast China, Huang, Huai and Hai regions, steadily develop and utilize saline-alkali land to plant soybeans, and increase production by increasing oil.

　　Consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions

　　To ensure food security, measures should focus on strengthening the material basis of storing food in the ground and storing food in technology.

　　Cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production. Document No.1 of the Central Committee emphasizes strengthening the protection and use control of cultivated land, completing the annual task of new construction, renovation and upgrading of high-standard farmland, focusing on filling shortcomings such as soil improvement and farmland irrigation and drainage facilities, and formulating an implementation plan for gradually building all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland.

　　The construction of high-standard farmland with high and stable yield is a key measure to consolidate and improve grain production capacity and ensure national food security. By the end of 2022, 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be built nationwide, accounting for more than half of China’s 1.918 billion mu of cultivated land.

　　"The No.1 Document of the Central Committee has emphasized the construction of high-standard farmland for 12 consecutive years. This year, new requirements and new tasks have been put forward for the construction of high-standard farmland. For the first time, ‘ Formulate an implementation plan to gradually build all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland ’ Write it. " Jun Guo, an associate researcher at the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said.

　　Jun Guo said that to continuously promote the construction of high-standard farmland, it is necessary not only to build and manage it well, but also to promote high-efficiency water-saving irrigation as a whole, improve the long-term management and protection mechanism, and strengthen the protection of black land and the comprehensive management of sloping farmland.

　　At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment. The No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized that the key core technologies of agriculture should be tackled, the seed industry should be revitalized, and the R&D and promotion of advanced agricultural machinery should be accelerated. "Accelerate the self-reliance and self-improvement of agricultural science and technology, focus on increasing the yield per unit area, and come up with comprehensive solutions for the integration and assembly of fertile fields, improved varieties, good methods, good opportunities and good systems one by one, and demand output and capacity from science and technology." Tang Renjian said.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the contribution rate of China’s agricultural science and technology progress reached 62.4% in 2022. The overall level of agricultural science and technology innovation in China has entered the first phalanx in the world. Breakthroughs have been made in core provenance and new variety cultivation, chassis technology, hilly agricultural machinery and other fields. Some original scientific and technological achievements lead the world.

　　"Scientific and technological innovation is the fundamental driving force for promoting agricultural and rural modernization." Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development, China Academy of Social Sciences, said that we should make breakthroughs in policy mechanisms, actively attract innovative elements such as gathering international outstanding agricultural scientific and technological talents, teams and resources, and coordinate the domestic and foreign markets and global scientific and technological resources, so as to realize the leap from an agricultural power to an agricultural power.

　　Improve the mechanism to ensure the mobilization of two enthusiasm.

　　To improve grain production capacity, it is necessary to "strengthen policies", improve the mechanism guarantee for farmers to earn money from growing grain and local governments to take responsibility for grain, and mobilize and enhance farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain and catching grain in main producing areas.

　　In 2022, China’s grain production won a bumper harvest against the trend, which is inseparable from a series of extraordinary and super-strong grain production support policies. Among them, the central government continued to raise the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat, and distributed a total of 40 billion yuan of one-time subsidies to actual grain farmers for three times, double that of 2021; Increase the reward for large grain-producing counties and expand the scale of rotation funds; 7 billion yuan was allocated to support summer grain to promote strong and stable production, and 10 billion yuan was allocated to support autumn grain to resist high temperature and drought, which effectively mobilized farmers’ enthusiasm for production.

　　Document No.1 of the Central Committee clearly stated that the minimum purchase price of wheat should be continuously raised, the minimum purchase price of rice should be reasonably determined, rice subsidies should be stabilized, and the response mechanism of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices of agricultural materials should be improved. We will improve the interest compensation mechanism in major producing areas and increase the scale of incentive funds in major grain-producing counties. Gradually expand the scope of full cost insurance and planting income insurance for rice, wheat and corn.

　　"With price, subsidy and insurance ‘ Trinity ’ Support policy system to ensure the production cost of grain farmers, so that farmers do not suffer losses in growing grain; With the gradual improvement of the interest compensation mechanism, the main producing areas will be economically affordable. " Cao Hui, a researcher at the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said.

　　In addition, Tang Renjian said that this year, the grain production targets and tasks agreed by the State Council will continue to be assigned to all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and the planting area will be compacted by varieties. Strictly assess the responsibility system for farmland protection and food security of provincial party committees and governments, and promote the implementation of policies and work with the implementation of responsibilities.