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It’s almost the end of the year in a blink of an eye

It’s time for people to concentrate on physical examination again.

You can also see it on all major platforms.

Various medical examination packages

but

Are these medical examination packages really suitable for us?

Is it better to check as many items as possible?

01

"1+x" principle, accurate selection of physical examination items

Physical examination is not the more expensive, the better, and the more items, the better. What suits you is the best.

Physical examination is mainly divided into basic physical examination items and personalized physical examination items. The "1" mentioned here is the basic physical examination project.

1. General examination: including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure and pulse.

2. Physical inspection:

Internal medicine: heart, lung, abdomen (liver, spleen, kidney), etc.

Surgery: superficial lymph nodes, thyroid gland, breast, joints of spine and limbs, anus and external genitalia (male);

Ophthalmology: vision, intraocular pressure, external eye, internal eye;

Otolaryngology: external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, hearing, nasal cavity, sinus and throat;

Stomatology: oral mucosa, teeth, gums, temporomandibular joint, parotid gland;

Gynecology: internal diagnosis of vulva and pelvis (with sexual history).

3. Laboratory inspection:

Blood routine, urine routine, stool routine+occult blood;

Biochemical: liver and kidney function, four blood lipids, blood sugar, blood uric acid, etc.

Gynecological cervical cytology (with sexual history).

4. Auxiliary examination: electrocardiogram, chest X-ray or chest CT, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidney.

If you have no special needs or special medical history, you can directly choose the basic package for physical examination. For most people, by doing these basic checks, you can basically assess the overall health of your body, just once a year.

There is also an "X" part that can’t be ignored, that is, personalized physical examination items.

This part of the project is based on their age, gender, occupation, health status and family history, etc., and the cost will vary from person to person.

For example:

Those with family history of early hypertension, long-term mental stress, or dizziness, headache, dizziness and discomfort can be monitored by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and vascular ultrasound.

Those with overweight and obesity, family history of diabetes, gestational diabetes, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and weight loss can choose items such as body fat rate, vascular ultrasound, 2-hour postprandial blood sugar and insulin.

Those who have a history of smoking, chronic bronchitis and asthma can choose items such as lung function and chest CT examination.

Those who have a family history of breast cancer, a history of breast diseases, a history of chest radiotherapy, breast discomfort and abnormal nipple discharge can choose breast ultrasound, breast molybdenum target (over 35-40 years old) and other projects.

Women over the age of 21 with family history of cervical cancer, abnormal leucorrhea and vaginal bleeding can choose TCT, HPV and other items.

Those who have a family history of colorectal cancer, chronic colitis, intestinal polyp, colon adenoma and a long-term high-fat high-protein high-calorie diet can choose anal examination, colonoscopy and other items.

Those with family history of gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, gastric polyp, bad eating habits, or upper abdominal pain, emaciation, unexplained anemia (male) and melena (especially over 40 years old) can choose gastroscopy, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and other items.

Men with family history of prostate cancer, chronic prostatitis, or dysuria and hematuria (especially over 50 years old) can choose prostate palpation, prostate ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.

Postmenopausal women, elderly men, people with low weight, insufficient calcium intake, less outdoor activities, or a history of systemic pain and fracture can be examined for bone mineral density, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and bone metabolism.

02

Keep in mind the precautions.

Avoid eating greasy food, drinking alcohol and overwork 24 hours before physical examination. Fasting for 6 ~ 8 hours before physical examination, because eating will increase the concentration of some components in the blood, which will affect the accuracy of the test results, such as liver and kidney function, blood sugar, blood lipids and so on. However, the longer the fasting time is, the better. If the fasting time exceeds 10 hours, the endogenous endocrine hormones in the body will change the blood sugar and other indicators, which cannot reflect the usual level and lose the significance of the test.

Wear loose clothes and try not to wear jewelry on the day of physical examination to facilitate physical examination; Ladies, please try to avoid the menstrual period.

Female gynecological B-ultrasound examination should hold urine. Only by filling the bladder can the problem be revealed. Many organs of the human body are in the pelvic cavity, surrounded by intestines. Only by holding the urine can the intestines be pushed open, clearly showing the uterus, ovaries and other organs behind the bladder.

03

Don’t cancel the inspection of 5 items.

When many people are checking, the parts of some physical examination items are relatively private, and many people "hide" and do not do it, with a high rate of rejection. In fact, if we give up these projects, many major diseases may be missed.

directeral rectun examination

Digital rectal examination is a simple, quick and less invasive examination. More than 80% of rectal cancer can be touched by digital rectal examination. In addition, besides checking whether there are anorectal diseases such as rectal tumor, hemorrhoids and anal fistula, it can also identify male prostate problems.

stool examination

80% patients with colorectal cancer are positive for fecal occult blood. The color and characteristics of feces are closely related to gastrointestinal diseases.

If you miss stool examination, you may miss digestive tract tumors including colorectal cancer, and you may also miss screening for diseases such as enteritis, dysentery, parasites, hemorrhoids and gastrointestinal bleeding.

electrocardiographic examination

Electrocardiogram examination is non-invasive, convenient and economical, which can help to identify heart diseases at an early stage and help to find myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy in time. An electrocardiogram examination may avoid a cardiovascular accident.

gynaecological examination

Gynecological diseases have a strong concealment. Doctors check the internal and external genitalia through visual inspection, palpation and secretion sampling, so as to find gynecological diseases such as vaginitis and cervical lesions in time.

It is suggested that adult women have a routine gynecological examination once a year, and the best time for examination is 3 ~ 7 days after menstruation.

Breast palpation

Through breast palpation, we can know the breast hardness, tenderness, mass and its nature, which can help identify breast diseases or be a powerful aid of breast ultrasound. Don’t contradict breast palpation, the doctor will be more professional than self-examination.

Everyone is the first responsible person for their own health. It is not a wise choice to overdraw their health. Remember to love yourself for whatever reason ~

All rights reserved by China Medical News, and may not be reproduced and used without permission.

The article is transferred from: healthy China headlines

Popular science audit expert

Original title: "Going to the peak season of physical examination again, what to check? How to check? 》

Read the original text

The "618" e-commerce promotion is about to begin, and Apple’s mobile phone is the first to cut prices.

On May 11th, Tmall announced that the official flagship store of Apple Store, the iPhone 16 Pro 128GB version, sold for 5999 yuan, with a discount of 2000 yuan. Add 500 yuan’s "national supplement" and the price is 5499 yuan. At around 18: 00 today, china securities journal CSI Taurus reporter noticed that the official flagship store iPhone 16 Pro 128GB version of Tmall Apple Store showed that it was sold out.

"Apple Store official flagship store" is an online store opened by Apple on Tmall platform. According to the news released by Tmall, the official flagship store of Apple Store will promote the iPhone 16 Pro again at 8 pm on May 16th.

In addition, on May 11th, the self-operated flagship store of Apple products in JD.COM showed that Apple products were on sale at reduced prices. After the iPhone 16 Pro is superimposed with the "national supplement", the hand price starts at 5499 yuan. Among them, the price of the iPhone 16 Pro 128GB version was reduced by 2,000 yuan, superimposed with the "national subsidy" discount in 500 yuan, and the hand price was 5,499 yuan; IPhone 16 Pro 256GB version has a price reduction of 1,400 yuan, superimposed with 300 yuan coupons, and the hand price starts at 7,299 yuan; IPhone 16 Pro Max 256GB version was reduced by 1400 yuan, and the price was 8199 yuan when 400 yuan coupons were added.

Analysts believe that Apple Tmall’s self-operated flagship store and JD.COM’s self-operated flagship store have reduced the price of iPhone 16 Pro products, indicating that Apple’s mobile phone is currently facing certain sales pressure. According to research institute IDC data, in the first quarter of 2025, the iPhone shipped 9.8 million units in the smart phone market in China, down 9% year-on-year; The market share is 13.7%, ranking fifth. Apple is the only manufacturer among the top five brands whose shipments have declined. IDC believes that Apple is still undergoing channel adjustment, which makes it difficult to improve its market performance, and Apple may face greater pressure in the China market.

All localities can make scientific assessment according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control work and detection ability, and provide close contacts, overseas entry personnel, fever outpatients, newly hospitalized patients and their accompanying personnel, medical institution staff, port quarantine and frontier inspection personnel, prison staff, social welfare pension institution staff, etc.Key population "should be checked and checked".Implement "willing to check and check" for other people.

The cost of "due diligence" shall be borne by local governments, and the cost of "willing diligence" shall be borne by enterprises, institutions or individuals; The detection fee standard is determined and publicized by the local price departments.All localities should promptly publish the list of testing institutions..

—— "Guiding Opinions on the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council’s Response to novel coronavirus’s Pneumonia Epidemic on Doing a Good Job in the Prevention and Control of COVID-19’s Epidemic Normalization"

In order to implement normalization prevention and control,

Promote "all due diligence" and "all willing diligence"

National Health Commission

detrusion[Inquiry of nucleic acid testing institutions]service

Go online in the State Council client.

At present, there are production and construction corps in Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang.

921 testing institutions uploaded.

You can check it here with one click.

Specific operation guide

1.Find the nucleic acid detection agency:Enter the applet, you canManually select the region, or through the organization name, address, etc.search.

2.Contact by phone:click"contact telephone number"You can directly contact the agency for consultation.

The data is still gathering and improving.

National nucleic acid testing institutions have been updated one after another.

Save the sunflower code first

It takes a long time to press or scan to enter the service ↓

Citizens and friends,

I am "Changtong Code".

I have been constantly optimizing and upgrading.

Strive to become

"One person, one yard, one yard through the city, everything is smooth."

The "unblocked code".

today，

I have a new function online again!

Now the newly launched "two codes in one" function

A brief introduction is as follows:

First, what is "two codes in one"

"Two-in-one" refers to the function of embedding personal travel track query code in Changtong code system. This function is provided by the three major communication operators, and the travel trajectory is queried based on the personal mobile phone number. After the "two codes in one", users of Changtong code can quickly query their personal travel trajectory when applying for Changtong code, modifying information or self-service code scanning and punching. According to the query results, it can be preliminarily judged whether Changtong code users have a history of living in epidemic areas. Changtong code will become smarter, more convenient and more efficient.

Second, how to use "two codes in one"

Individuals who have applied for Changtong Code (formerly Nanchang Electronic Access Code) do not need to apply again. The following operations are limited to the first application.

(1) When applying for "Changtong Code" for the first time,

When applying for Changtong code for the first time, the travel trajectory query module was embedded in the registration form. Check the authorization query, and the system will automatically query the travel track of the mobile phone number registered by Changtong code within 14 days. After finding out the travel results, the option of "Living History in Epidemic Areas" will be automatically checked with "Yes" or "No". If there is a history of sojourning in epidemic areas such as Hubei and foreign countries, the option of "History of sojourning in epidemic areas" will be locked as "Yes", and it will become a red code after submission.

(2) when changtong code modifies information.

When modifying the information of Changtong code, the travel trajectory query module is embedded in the modification form. Check the authorization query, and the system will automatically query the travel track of the mobile phone number registered by Changtong code within 14 days. After finding out the travel results, the option of "Living History in Epidemic Areas" will be automatically checked with "Yes" or "No". If there is a history of sojourning in epidemic areas such as Hubei and foreign countries, the option of "History of sojourning in epidemic areas" will be locked as "Yes", and it will become a red code after submission.

(3) Changtong code self-service code scanning and punching

After the citizens scan the QR code of "Changtong Verification Code" or the unit Changtong Code, the punching success page pops up, and the travel trajectory query module is embedded. Check the authorization query, and the system will automatically query the travel track of the mobile phone number registered by Changtong code within 14 days. The query results can be presented to the checkpoint staff for inspection.

If the query results are not available, it will be automatically linked to the travel query page of communication big data, and the travel trajectory can be queried by inputting the mobile phone number and verification code.

The query results can be presented to the checkpoint staff for inspection.

One person, one yard, one yard through the city, everything is smooth.

Thanks to the general public and friends.

Make positive contributions to epidemic prevention and control.

Unite as one to fight the epidemic.

Source: Prevention and Control of Pneumonia in novel coronavirus, Nanchang emergency headquarters

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Original title: "Important reminder! Changtong code has new functions online again! 》

In today’s digital age, electronic invoices are widely used in insurance business. Understanding the inquiry methods and related operations of electronic invoices not only facilitates the insured to manage their finances, but also protects their own rights and interests. The following will introduce the electronic invoice inquiry method and the connection between related operations in detail.

There are usually two ways to query electronic invoices: online and offline. Online inquiry is the most convenient way at present. Common channels include the official website of insurance companies, mobile apps and third-party electronic invoice service platforms. Offline inquiry requires the insured to go to the business outlets of the insurance company and assist in the inquiry through the counter service personnel.

Take online inquiry as an example. To inquire about electronic invoices on the official website of an insurance company, the insured needs to log in to his account first. If you have not registered, you need to register first and complete real-name authentication. After logging in successfully, find the "Electronic Invoice Inquiry" entry in the relevant functional modules of the website, enter the necessary information such as invoice number and billing date according to the system prompt, and click Query to obtain the electronic invoice. The operation process of querying on the mobile APP is similar. Generally, the electronic invoice query function can be found in the menu bar on the homepage of the APP. The third-party electronic invoice service platform requires the insured to confirm that the platform has a cooperative relationship with the insurance company, and then register and log in on the platform, and inquire after associating their own insurance order information.

Although offline inquiry is relatively troublesome, it is a reliable choice for policyholders who are not familiar with online operation. When going to the insurance company’s business outlets, the insured should bring valid identity documents and insurance contracts to explain the requirements to the counter service personnel, who will query the electronic invoice in the system according to the information provided and provide the corresponding paper or electronic version.

The electronic invoice inquiry method is closely related to related operations. The inquiry method provides the direction for the operation, and defines the ways to inquire about electronic invoices. The specific operations are the specific steps to realize the inquiry method. Only by correctly executing these operations can the electronic invoice be inquired smoothly. For example, if you know that you can query the electronic invoice on the official website of the insurance company, you will not be able to complete the query if you don’t know how to log in the account number and enter the query information.

In order to compare the characteristics of different query channels more clearly, the following is a simple table:

When inquiring about electronic invoices, the insured should choose the appropriate inquiry method and operation mode according to their actual situation. At the same time, it is necessary to properly keep the electronic invoices so that they can be checked and reimbursed when necessary.

Historically, rice once occupied a supreme position in Japanese life. The Japanese once thought that food was rice, and eating rice was nothing more than adding salt. There is even a saying in Japan that "rice is rich in salt" means that as long as there is rice and salt, there is life. But now, according to a survey conducted by NHK (Japan Broadcasting Association), "Ramen (Lamian Noodles)" has become the Japanese favorite food in the New Year-noodles have reached the top of food in this rice country.

Why didn’t ancient Japanese eat wheat?

There is a folk legend in Japan that "the fox stole an ear of rice from China and took it back to Japan in a bamboo tube", so that Japan had rice. Through this legend, we know that Japanese rice culture was spread from China, and there are two ways to spread it: first, it passed through Jiangsu and Shandong, and crossed the sea from Shandong Peninsula to the south of the Korean Peninsula; The other is introduced into the northern part of the peninsula by land from North China to Northeast China, and then spread to the south. Both reached the same goal by different routes, and spread to Japan through Ma Haixia. This can be seen from the early remains of paddy fields in Japan-archaeological discoveries in the coastal area of Fukuoka in the northern part of Kyushu Island, which is closest to the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula. Subsequently, the rice cultivation technology gradually spread to the south and east with the northern part of Kyushu as the center. By the 3rd century AD, it had spread to Shikoku Island and most parts of Honshu Island. The grains unearthed in the sites of Yayoi and Gufen from the 3rd century BC to the 7th century AD were all rice.

Sites of ancient tombs

Yayoi era imagination map

Because the water and heat conditions in the Japanese archipelago are suitable for rice planting, and compared with planting coarse cereals in dry fields, rice planting is labor-saving, time-saving and high-yield. Therefore, for thousands of years, Japan’s rice production has been the first of all kinds of crops. Therefore, the Japanese call rice the king of food, and rice is a gift from heaven to Japan. Japanese people are used to eating rice, so in the history of ancient Japanese agriculture, barley and wheat are rare. In ancient Japan, people even thought it was time-consuming to eat pasta, but the saying that "the poor eat wheat" was repugnant to pasta. Although in famine years, Japanese officials often encourage the cultivation of wheat to alleviate famine and distribute seeds; However, farmers refused to buy it. Even if they were forced by the government to plant wheat, they refused to eat it as food. Instead, they cut it before it matured and sold it as horse feed, so that the Emperor had to issue a decree in 715 AD announcing that if the immature wheat was sold as horse feed, it would be severely punished.

Is it really that the taste of wheat doesn’t agree with the Japanese? In fact, it is not. The fundamental reason for boycotting wheat planting is actually that Japan lacked the technology to make flour at that time. Before the era of mechanized mass production, ancient people used a stone mill to make flour. In China during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, firstly, the stone mortar was pushed by human or animal power to process flour, and then the flour was milled by water truck, thus reducing the price of flour, making it possible for ordinary people to eat pasta, and thus making pasta appear and popularize in large numbers. According to the Japanese history book "The Book of Japan", as early as 610 AD, a Koguryo monk named Tanzheng brought the stone mill to Japan, but the Japanese couldn’t copy it. To make a stone mill, it was necessary to carry out precision processing on hard stones. However, the stonework technology in ancient Japan was underdeveloped, and it was really beyond their power to produce the stone mill. At that time, Japanese people could only grind flour with wooden mortar and pestle, but wooden mortar and pestle were only suitable for pounding rice. When wheat with hard bran was encountered, it was quite laborious to pound it, and it became very difficult to make pasta. Unlike wheat, which needs to be ground into powder to eat (the seed coat of wheat is hard, so it is very unpalatable to eat it directly), millet can be cooked directly as long as it is washed, and even eating brown rice unexpectedly makes up for the vitamins and minerals that Japanese people lack in their daily diet. After the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese army generally ate polished rice, but beriberi caused by vitamin deficiency appeared on a large scale. As a result, contrary to the folk saying that "the poor eat wheat", for a long time,Japanese pasta has become a kind of precious food monopolized by officials, nobles and senior monks.

Traditional style stone mill

Plain noodles, udon noodles, buckwheat noodles

When it comes to pasta, we can’t help but mention noodles. In 2002, in the Qijia cultural layer of the Neolithic age in Qinghai Province (the Neolithic culture in Gansu Province from 2200 BC to 1600 BC), archaeologists unearthed noodles made of millet and millet 4000 years ago, which were about 50 cm long and 0. 3 cm wide, even in thickness and bright yellow in color. This is probably the earliest known noodles. China’s invention right of "noodles" is therefore beyond doubt.

Ancient noodles unearthed in Qinghai

Before the Tang Dynasty, all foods made of wheat flour were called "noodles", and foods such as noodles, which were heated by putting wheat dough in boiling water, were called "soup cakes", but in the Song Dynasty, "noodles" were separated from "cakes" to refer to "noodles" exclusively. In Meng Liang Lu, written by Wu Zimu, which describes the bustling scene of Lin ‘an (now Hangzhou) in the Southern Song Dynasty, a noodle shop has been set up, including "silk chicken noodles", "three fresh noodles" and "fried chicken noodles", which is no different from today.

Although there was no communication between China and Japan at the national level in Song Dynasty, the cultural and economic exchanges between the two sides were still frequent. Different from the official "envoys to the Tang Dynasty", Japanese monks who entered the Song Dynasty played a vital role in the exchanges between the two sides. At that time, when Zen Buddhism was flourishing in China, most Japanese monks also wanted to study in China. While introducing Zen Buddhism to Japan, they also brought back the food culture of China monasteries at that time (all vegetarian, of course), and noodles were one of them. Some people in later generations concluded that "most epoch-making Japanese food comes from monasteries and is generally spread by monks who have experience in studying in China".

In 1241 AD, the founder of Tofuku-ji Temple in the south of Kyoto today, Shengyi Kunshi, returned from China and brought back a "water mill map" (a design of a mill made of waterwheels and gears), which finally made Japanese flour-making technology catch up with China’s level. From then on, Japanese people can taste pasta, which used to be exclusive to monks and nobles, and gradually change their views on pasta.

Schematic diagram of water mill

Kyoto Tofuku-ji Temple

What noodles did the ancient Japanese eat? The first thing that was welcomed by the Japanese was Su (Suo) noodles. Vegetarian noodles are the earliest Japanese noodles. At that time, the vegetarian noodles were all stretched by hand after the dough was kneaded repeatedly, just like the handmade Lamian Noodles, which was characterized by being long and thin, refreshing to eat, and mainly used as cold food. Next came the famous udon noodles, which were made by slicing thin dough into hot soup noodles. It is said that the troops of Takeda Shingen, the famous "Tiger of Jiafei" in the Warring States Period, used udon noodles as their food for marching. It stands to reason that udon noodles can only be made by rolling the dough thin with a rolling pin and then cutting it with a knife. Unlike making vegetarian noodles, it takes high technology to pull the dough into long strips first, but in fact udon noodles appeared in Japan as late as the 15th century. Investigate its reason, it is because the technical level of the Japanese at that time was too poor to make a chopping block! It takes a planer to make a chopping block, but it didn’t become popular in Japan until the Edo period in the 16th century. Before that, workers needed to put the blade on the front end of the stick and flatten the wood bit by bit to make a chopping block, which was very laborious.

The buckwheat noodles appeared later than udon noodles. Buckwheat itself is not sticky and easy to break, so it is not suitable for making noodles. Legend has it that in 1659, Zhu Shunshui (1600-1682), a adherent of the Ming Dynasty who stayed in Mitofan (now Ibaraki Prefecture), taught the Japanese to mix wheat flour into buckwheat flour to make it sticky and elastic, so this kind of noodle called "the most Japanese characteristic" came out. One of the reasons why soba noodles are popular is to win the favor. It is said that Japanese gold foil masters, at work, often use soba dough to touch the gold foil fragments that take off and fall everywhere. To this end, Japanese folks think buckwheat is a cash register item, so they use its auspicious saying to prepare buckwheat noodles when they are engaged, married or celebrating. Eating buckwheat noodles every other year on New Year’s Eve is also for good luck, hoping for gold and silver to enter the home, which is a mentality with China’s "more than fish every year". By the 19th century, Edo (now Tokyo), a city with a population of 1 million, had a list of 100 buckwheat noodle shops, which showed the Japanese people’s enthusiasm for this kind of noodle at that time.

Japanese udon noodles

Japanese buckwheat noodles

The Birth of "Lamian Noodles"

The same is noodles, whether udon noodles or buckwheat noodles. An important difference between Japanese noodles before modern times and Chinese noodles is that Japanese noodles are made without adding alkaline water. When wheat flour meets water, it will produce a grid-like tissue, commonly known as "gluten". Alkaline water is a kind of alkaline natural soda water containing potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate. When Chinese noodles are made, alkaline water is added, so the kneaded dough can change the protein in flour, enhance the viscosity and elasticity, and make the taste more comfortable.

正宗的中国面条迟至19世纪末、20世纪初才进入日本。1893年时，日本横滨的外国人居留地中居住着约5000名外国人，其中中国人约为3350人。而在甲午战争之后，清朝开始向日本派遣官费留学生，以后自费留学生的规模也急剧扩大。在1905年前后，在日本的中国留学生人数达到大约5万人。与此同时，无论是梁启超这样的立宪派，还是孙文这样的革命党，都将日本作为重要的活动据点，如此众多的中国人在短时间内来到日本，势必又一次将中国的饮食文化带入东瀛四岛。

大约在20世纪初期，中国面条出现在了横滨的“南京町（唐人街）”，并从这里出发，迅速征服日本人的脾胃。值得注意的是，当时的日本一心脱亚入欧，断发易服之外，连饮食也恨不得一日西化，著名思想家福泽谕吉撰文鼓吹要像西洋人一样“应该吃肉”（此前受佛教影响，日本人几乎不吃鱼肉之外的肉类）。明治天皇带头喝牛奶吃牛肉，当时的日本宫廷膳食干脆就是法式大餐。相反，对于传统的文化母国，日本则是一副鄙薄心态，印度古籍用于指代中国的“支那”一词正是在这一时期，在日本人的口中出现了贬义。在这样的背景下，中国面条在日本的传播，完全是出自食物本身的魅力。

普通的中国（苏州）羊肉面

横滨唐人街

尽管这种中国面条毫无荞麦的成分，但比起粗粗圆圆的乌冬面，形式上更接近固有的细长的荞麦面，被日本人称为“南京荞麦面”，并以其价格低廉、滋味鲜美而受到日本中下层市民的欢迎，逐渐走出“唐人街”，在日本主流社会中流行开来，名字也变成了“支那荞麦面”。第二次世界大战之后，迫于作为战胜国的中华民国政府的压力，日本官方不得不下令禁用“支那”一词。结果，不知从何时起，“支那荞麦面”又变成了“ラーメン”。这个假名的读音“ramen”极似普通话的“拉面”，显系晚近从汉语里直接借入的外来词。

(Japanese) ramen

Lamian Noodles has become a national delicacy in Japan today, mainly because the long Lamian Noodles can be matched with various vegetables and animal meat as the main materials, and seafood such as soy sauce, ginger, onion, sesame oil and various scallops or shrimps can be added to meet the dietary needs of all social classes. Therefore, there is a "Chinese Noodle Noodle Center" in Fukuoka, a "New Yokohama Lamian Noodles Museum" in Yokohama, and even a "Japan Lamian Noodles Research Association", which specializes in Lamian Noodles magazine … Lamian Noodles has become a well-deserved king of Chinese cuisine circulating in Japan.

The scene of eating Lamian Noodles in the cartoon "Chess Soul"

References:

(Han) Li Xuzheng et al. Translated by Hong Weiwei: The Road of Noodles: A Wonderful Diet Inherited for 3,000 Years, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, 2013.

Xu Jingbo: The East Wind Blows from the West: Chinese Culture in Japan, Yunnan People’s Publishing House, 2004.

CCTV News:Changsha, Hunan, as a city that never sleeps, has a strong consumption of cultural tourism at night and an active market. Changsha’s characteristic night landscape, rich and diverse cultural tourism ecology and fireworks attracted a large number of tourists during the National Day.

Reporter Fu Lei:This is the Fisherman’s Wharf in Xiangjiang New District, Changsha. If midnight snack is the grand finale of Changsha nightlife, it is definitely the most beautiful midnight snack punching place in Changsha. During the National Day, you can come to Fisherman’s Wharf beside Xiangjiang River, where you can not only enjoy delicious food, enjoy the night view of Xiangjiang River, but also experience the pleasant night in Changsha.

The Xiangjiang River is bright and the lights are shining. During the National Day, the banks of a river were used as canvases, and the dazzling theme light show on the edge of Xiangjiang River created a romantic and flexible poetic picture.

Reporter Fu Lei:It’s 11 o’clock in the evening, and this 400-meter-long strip is still brightly lit, with thousands of seats packed. The bright lights and crayfish and beer in the night market constitute the most lively and touching human fireworks. Today, we also prepared a table of delicious food to share with you. Let’s take a look at this famous fried shrimp, with special hot and sour sauce and secret sauce. Two different decorations add different flavors to the original shrimp meat.

During the National Day, I made an appointment with three or five friends here, casually found a table along the river to sit down, rolled a few strings, ordered a crayfish, drank a few glasses of wine, and listened to the musicians singing in the open air. The trivial troubles of life seemed to drift away with the river wind.

During the National Day, the hotels on the Xiangjiang River received thousands of tourists every day. This riverside-style commercial street with only 400 meters attracted more than 70 brand businesses to sign up.

In addition to the well-known food street, more night markets hidden in the streets are gradually discovered by tourists. Sifangping Night Market, located in Kaifu District, Changsha, became one of the most popular places to punch in Changsha’s night economy during the National Day. As night fell, people from afar flocked to the endless stalls and filled the whole street.

Sifangping Night Market has more than 300 stalls, attracting nearly 1,000 employees. During the National Day, the average daily passenger flow exceeded 40,000.

Hubei Daily News (Reporter Jassamyn Liu, correspondent Liu Chang, Li Xingde) On April 25th, it was learned from Wuhan Hanyang Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau that in order to facilitate the visually impaired to travel, the bureau laid a new type of hot-melt blind road on several roads, which will be gradually promoted in the whole region in the future.

On Jiangcheng Avenue in Hanyang District, blind people walk on the new hot-melt blind road in this section, and there is obvious concave and convex feeling under their feet. The strip-shaped blind brick indicating the heading direction is basically the same as the permeable concrete pavement on both sides, and there is no discomfort when accidentally stepping on the brick surface. During the hundreds of meters’ journey, except for the tension caused by "invisibility", there is no feeling of slipping under the feet.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Facilities Management Section of Hanyang Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau, in the past blind road construction, concrete blind road bricks were mostly used, which were mainly laid on sidewalks. In order to ensure the practicability, safety and humanization of blind roads, Hanyang Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau draws lessons from advanced practices and listens to the opinions and suggestions of visually impaired people, taking Jiangcheng Avenue, Mohe Hubei Road and Longyang Avenue as the pilot, and gradually adopts hot melt technology to build blind roads in the whole district.

Hot-melt blind road pavement is fast, and traffic can be opened in 20 minutes after on-site construction. "Compared with the traditional concrete blind road brick, the hot-melt blind road is more durable, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and has good identification and anti-slip, which is more friendly and safer for blind friends." The person in charge introduced.

In view of the problems existing in urban blind roads, the bureau will continue to adjust some details, such as the conflict between blind roads and piles, the irregular setting of stone-missing ramps or kerb ramps, and the discontinuous interruption of blind roads, so as to ensure the safety and smoothness of visually impaired people’s walking to the greatest extent.

According to statistics, since 2023, Hanyang District Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau has concentrated its efforts on the rectification of blind roads, such as subsidence, dislocation, breakage, looseness, lack, continuous unreasonable turning around of blind roads and obstacles on blind roads. Up to now, 837 blind roads with an area of 2,114 square meters have been rectified.

June 5th is World Environment Day. What’s the environmental situation in China? How has environmental protection made progress? What role does environmental protection play in optimizing economic growth? ….. These are what people want to know most on this special day.

According to the 2014 Bulletin on the State of the Environment in China notified by the Ministry of Environmental Protection to the media on the 4th, in 2014, with the great attention of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, positive progress was made in the construction of ecological civilization and the reform in the field of ecological environment, and new steps were taken in the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution. However, the environmental situation in China is still grim, and it still faces many difficulties and challenges.

The data is mixed.

China State of the Environment Bulletin 2014 shows the positive changes in China’s environmental situation and environmental protection progress, and also reflects the problems existing in China’s environment and environmental protection.

Compared with the last year’s bulletin on the state of the environment, in the first phase of 2013, only 4.1% of the 74 cities monitored by the new standards met the standard. According to the Bulletin, among the 161 cities that monitored the new air quality standards nationwide in 2014, the annual average air quality in 16 cities reached the standard, and the air quality in 145 cities exceeded the standard.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, combined with the data, said that since the implementation of the "Atmosphere Ten" one year ago, the air quality of 74 key cities has generally improved, the proportion of cities that have reached the standard and the number of days that have reached the standard have increased, and the concentration of major pollutants has decreased. The average annual concentration of PM2.5 in 74 cities that implemented the new air quality standards decreased by 11.1%, among which the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region decreased by 12.3%, 10.4% and 10.6% respectively.

The gratifying changes in atmospheric governance are enough to show that actions in environmental governance will achieve results.

But at the same time, more data makes us must remain highly vigilant-

According to the Bulletin, the water quality of 968 state-controlled surface water monitoring sections (points) in 423 major rivers and 62 key lakes (reservoirs) in China has been monitored, and the water quality sections of I, II, III, IV, V and worse than V account for 3.4%, 30.4%, 29.3%, 20.9% and 6.8% respectively. As far as surface water is concerned, the proportion of seriously polluted inferior V water bodies is still worrying.

Among 4,896 groundwater monitoring points, the proportion of monitoring points with excellent water quality is 10.8%, that with good water quality is 25.9%, that with good water quality is 1.8%, that with poor water quality is 45.4%, and that with very poor water quality is 16.1%. The current situation that the water quality is poor and extremely poor exceeds 60% shows that China is facing unprecedented water pollution pressure.

According to the Bulletin, in 2013, the national ecological environment quality was generally "average". Among the 2461 counties, there are 558, 1051, 641, 196 and 15 excellent, good, average, poor and poor counties respectively. Counties with "excellent" and "good" ecological environment quality account for 46.7% of the land area, "average" counties account for 23.0%, and "poor" and "poor" counties account for 30.3%.

By the end of 2013, there were 646,168,400 hectares of agricultural land in China, with a net increase of 0.49 million hectares during the year. The total area of soil erosion in China is 2,949,100 square kilometers, accounting for 31.12% of the total area of the census …

Chen Jining, Minister of Environmental Protection, said that in recent years, China’s pollution control process has been accelerated and made positive progress, but the emissions of some major pollutants are still at a high level, and there is a big gap between environmental quality and the needs and expectations of the public. It is bound to be a long-term process to fundamentally improve China’s environmental quality. This requires us not only to have the determination and positive actions to fight a tough battle, but also to be prepared to fight a protracted war and move towards the goal step by step.

Use hard measures to accomplish hard tasks

From September 12th, 2013, when the "starting gun" sounded for haze control, the state announced the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan-"Ten Articles of Atmosphere", to the recent Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan-"Ten Articles of Water", and then to the Soil Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Action Plan-"Ten Articles of Soil", which is being worked out quickly, and the hard tasks were completed by hard measures.

In 2014, we gained experience and built up people’s confidence in pollution control.

In this year, more than 7 million yellow-label vehicles and old cars and more than 50,000 small coal-fired boilers were eliminated nationwide by controlling vehicles, coal, desulfurization and dust removal. 190 million kilowatts of coal-fired units have completed the transformation of desulfurization and dust removal, and 11,000 square meters of steel sintering machines have installed flue gas desulfurization facilities, and many large chimneys no longer emit black and yellow smoke.

This year, the central government allocated 10 billion yuan of special funds to prevent and control air pollution; Arrange special funds for environmental protection of 240 million yuan.

This year, I found the "culprit" of smog in 9 major cities such as Beijing. Motor vehicles, industrial production, coal burning and dust are the main sources of PM2.5 pollution in most cities, accounting for about 85% to 90%. The primary source of pollution in Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen is motor vehicles.

This year, environmental protection and public security jointly enforced the law, and the environmental protection department transferred 2,180 suspected criminal cases to the public security organs, three times more than in 2013.

This year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection interviewed the heads of more than 10 cities such as Hengyang, Anyang and Kunming, which failed to cure haze, and urged local governments to take on key responsibilities.

"We should do a good job in the prevention and control of water pollution as we do in the prevention and control of air pollution, and implement the road map of’ Water Ten’ as a construction drawing." Chen Jining said at the symposium on water pollution prevention and control held on May 28th.

"Water pollution control is much more difficult than air pollution control, especially lake pollution control, which generally takes decades or even hundreds of years." Gao Jixi, director of the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, said that compared with air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution have greater environmental impact and ecological damage. It takes a long time to win the tough battle of water pollution control, and it will take a long time.

"Under the background of the new economic normal, environmental protection work should be set in a good position." Chen Jining said that the downward pressure on the economy has brought new challenges to environmental protection. This requires us to closely focus on promoting stable and healthy economic development, balance and handle the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, grasp the key points, methods and intensity of environmental protection work, and find a good combination point, focus point and breakthrough point. We must not only keep the red line of ecological protection, total industrial emissions and environmental access standards, but also use environmental protection to promote economic transformation and upgrading, and strive to achieve coordination and win-win between the two. (Reporter Cao Hongyan)

　　Seeing such words as "high interest rate" and "high return", the public should be extra alert and raise their awareness of prevention. Evening News reporter Wei Chi Jianping photo

　　At the end of August, Tianjin Public Security Peace Branch and Binhai New Area Branch successively issued announcements to investigate 11 online lending platforms suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits. So far, illegal online lending platforms in Tianjin have been basically cleaned up. As a hot industry, P2P (person-to-person loan) has attracted a lot of attention and funds since its birth. Many people invest in financial management on the platform, and many people also borrow money on the platform. Now most of the online lending platforms have been cleaned up, and only a very small part is still in operation. These platforms, which are still in operation, stated that they would "quit benign", that is, completely quit the online loan industry.

　　Since June 2018, a large number of P2P platforms have experienced a redemption crisis. Some platform controllers have run away, and it is difficult for fund lenders (wealth managers) to get back the investment principal and interest. After investigation by local public security departments, these P2P platforms have violated the red line of "no fund pool" and are suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits.

　　From the popularity of the past to the ebb tide of today, what has this industry brought to the society and left behind?

　　Someone’s in jail

　　September is the season of school. After three years in the workplace, Xiaolei (pseudonym) stepped into the campus again to study for graduate students. He graduated from an undergraduate college in this city three years ago, and made an appointment with his roommate to study for graduate students three years later. Now, his roommate friend has been detained for violating the criminal law. This student graduated and entered the P2P online loan industry.

　　When Xiao Lei graduated, some students in the class wanted to take the civil service exam, while others wanted to enter the banking and securities industries. However, due to fierce competition, most of Xiaolei’s classmates failed to do so.

　　At that time, the concept of internet finance was in full swing, and a large number of emerging financial companies appeared in the market. They recruited soldiers and promised high salaries to attract college students to join. Gang Lin (a pseudonym), a classmate of Xiaolei, was admitted to Tianjin from rural areas. His family was poor and he wanted to get a high income when he graduated. As it happens, a P2P online lending platform in Beijing recruited externally, and he applied successfully.

　　A year later, Xiao Lei learned from his classmates that Gang Lin was "developed", with a monthly salary of more than 50,000 yuan, and had achieved the position of deputy director of marketing on this platform. At a class reunion, Gang Lin was in high spirits and told her classmates that she would be able to buy a house in Beijing in two months. This made the students very envious, and all the students felt that Gang Lin was really "turned over", and he was no longer the thrifty and wussy person at school.

　　Xiaolei was not admitted to the civil service, but worked in the financial department of a private enterprise with a monthly salary of more than 6,000 yuan. He learned through some news that some P2P online lending platforms are not matching personal transactions at all, but publishing false targets, attracting investors with super high interest rates and putting investors’ money in their own controlled accounts. These platforms, which are engaged in fund pool business, are suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits, and their behavior is to be convicted and sentenced to jail.

　　On a weekend, Xiao Lei found Gang Lin, and after asking questions, he carefully asked his classmates, is your platform compliant? Is the mark on it true? Gang Lin said casually that most platforms are fake, and what they do is to pool funds. Hearing this, Xiao Lei was shocked: "We all know the law, and this kind of behavior is punishable. Don’t you know?"

　　Gang Lin pondered for a while, then slowly began to say that it was not easy for him to get a foothold in the city when he came out of the countryside. Plus going to college before, I spent more than 100 thousand yuan at home, and many of them were borrowed. Doing an ordinary job in the city of Beijing, after deducting rent and living expenses, there is little left, not to mention borrowing money from home. If you resign, you will lose a lot of income.

　　Xiaolei was angry with his good friend Gang Lin’s explanation, but Gang Lin said that there are thousands of platforms all over the country doing this, and there is nothing wrong with it.

　　Since June, 2018, Gang Lin’s platform has absorbed less and less funds, but has to pay more and more interest to customers in the early stage, which has gradually led to a financial crisis. The platform controller used to misappropriate customers’ funds, bought several properties in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, and quickly sold them. However, the market was not good and it was difficult to sell them. The company’s capital chain was completely broken, and some investors reported to the Beijing police.

　　In November 2018, Gang Lin’s platform was put on file for investigation. Xiaolei tried to contact Gang Lin, but found that no one answered the phone and found Gang Lin’s family. Only then did she know that Gang Lin was criminally detained because he was an executive on this platform and mastered the flow of some funds.

　　Xiaolei urged Gang Lin’s family to let Gang Lin tell the whereabouts of the funds as soon as possible, and actively compensate the investors, so as to get a reduced sentence. However, he found that Gang Lin’s family was not interested in paying back the money and had no hope of reducing the sentence. One of his relatives told Xiaolei that since 2018, the funds absorbed by Gang Lin through its subordinates have not been handed over to the platform, but many properties have been purchased in foreign countries in the name of others. "Now even if he is sentenced to a maximum of 10 years in prison, Gang Lin will be less than 35 years old after he is released from prison, which will not affect him to get married and have children abroad."

　　Seeing this family doing this, Xiao Lei felt that they were really stubborn.

　　Someone No Country for Old Men.

　　According to a survey, the majority of people who invest in financial management on the Internet are middle-aged and elderly people. After more than 15 years of hard work, they have no pressure to mortgage and raise children, and they have some savings in their hands, so they are potential customers of high-interest financial management. As it happens, a large number of P2P online loan financing platforms have emerged on the Internet, which can provide three times higher interest than bank deposits, and let these middle-aged and elderly people fall into the trap.

　　Wei Dong (pseudonym), a resident of Hedong District, is 48 years old. He was dismissed from a furniture factory two years ago and it is difficult to find a job. Through the Internet, he knows that some P2P online lending platforms can earn 12% to 15% annual interest by investing in them. This kind of return on investment is much higher than that of banks, and it pays interest on a monthly basis.

　　With the attitude of giving it a try, he took out 200,000 yuan from his home for many years and transferred it to the financial platform through online banking. A month later, he received interest of nearly 3000 yuan. He thinks that if this continues, it will be equivalent to a stable job income. Besides, when I go out to find a job at my age, my income is similar to this interest.

　　Wei Dong wants more in return. At that time, his parents left him a house of more than 50 square meters. He sold this small house and collected some money to buy a bigger house for his children as a wedding room. However, the child just started working and didn’t want to get married for a short time, so he rented out the house at a rent of 1800 yuan a month.

　　In the market, his house is worth more than 1.3 million yuan. Wei Dong calculated that if this house is converted into cash and invested in the P2P online lending platform, it will receive interest of more than 10,000 yuan a month! So, he listed the house in the intermediary and sold it at a price lower than the market price of 100,000 yuan, and soon got 1.2 million yuan in cash.

　　Wei Dong invested all 1.2 million yuan in cash in a certain platform, and recovered 15,000 yuan in interest in the first month, which was several times higher than the rental of the house. He was so excited that he couldn’t sleep. For four consecutive months, he received interest on time. He once felt that his old age was really happy.

　　Wei Dong’s wife also knows about selling the house. However, the wife is more inclined to deposit a large deposit certificate in the bank or buy a fund for financial management, with an annual income of about 5%. Wei Dong’s wife said, what kind of business do these online platforms make so much money that they can give investors more than 12% interest? Are they better than banks? Wei Dong was speechless, just saying that his wife couldn’t keep up with the times.

　　The good times didn’t last long. When he invested in the sixth month, Wei Dong didn’t receive the interest on time. He called the customer service number left by the website and no one answered. At the investor forum, it was revealed that this P2P online lending platform had a redemption crisis, the capital chain was broken, and the actual controller and several executives had run away. Wei Dong panicked and rushed to the city where the platform was located to find the company’s registered address. As a result, it was found that the company’s office was sealed up and the door was surrounded by investors from all over the country.

　　Since then, Wei Dong has been bent on recovering the investment of 1.2 million yuan, and he no longer wants interest, just thinking that the principal can come back. In the rights exchange group, he learned that some people invested more than 5 million yuan in compensation for demolition, and some people, like him, sold their houses to invest.

　　The family is completely chaotic, and my wife has no mind to dance square dance anymore. My son’s wedding room has no landing, and he dare not talk about the object. Wei Dong lost 15 pounds a month, and he dared not think about his old age in the future.

　　"benign exit" becomes a common expectation

　　On August 29th, Dai Mokang, the legal representative of Shanghai Zendai University, a well-known listed company, and others surrendered themselves to the police, claiming that there were illegal acts such as setting up a fund pool and misappropriating funds during the company’s operation, and it was no longer possible to pay them. The Shanghai police said in the circular that Zendai Company illegally absorbed deposits from unspecified public through its online wealth management platform (Shanghai Zendai Aite Financial Information Service Co., Ltd.), and the case is currently under further investigation.

　　This is just a microcosm. At the heyday of P2P online lending platform, all kinds of business entities and capitals have entered this industry. According to incomplete statistics, in 2017, more than 40 listed companies in China set foot in P2P, and one listed company directly changed its name to "Pipaopi". However, the tide will eventually recede. By the end of August 2019, of the more than 6,900 P2P online lending platforms that once existed in China, more than 6,000 have closed down.

　　In a few years, investors, platforms and lenders seemed to get together and enjoy an unprecedented feast, but in the end, every participant paid the bill. Many investors have lost their money and are the biggest victims. Some platform controllers and executives have been jailed with criminal records. Most of the netizens who borrowed money from the platform bear super-high interest rates, and now many of them are harassed by the collection calls of "routine loans".

　　At the end of August, when attending the 2019 China International Intelligent Industry Expo, Ma Yun said that P2P was not Internet finance from the first day, but an illegal fund-raising product with a webpage.

　　At present, there are more than 700 P2P online lending platforms, many of which declare that they "don’t run away", actively pay off investors, and finally quit. But in fact, many platforms have transferred funds, so promising to the public is only a plan to slow down the troops, and soon the actual controller will surrender or run away. Even if some platforms have the willingness to refund investors, the recovered funds may not be able to make up the hole, and investors can only recover part of the principal.

　　Why did so many people rush into the P2P online lending platform? Xiao Lei was thinking. When he got together with his classmates to discuss Gang Lin’s case, he was puzzled by Gang Lin’s reluctance to actively refund the investors. Someone asked him, given 10 years, can you earn enough money to buy a house abroad? Xiao Lei said, I can’t. His classmates told him that’s right. Some people are willing to exchange 10 years’ imprisonment for 10 million yuan of assets. Even if you work hard, you can’t earn so much money. In this respect, people actually made a profit from this transaction.

　　Hearing this, Xiao Lei seems to understand something.

　　However, in the end, Gang Lin couldn’t stand the torture of conscience. He suddenly repented and decided to sell overseas properties and actively compensate investors in order to get leniency.

　　Why do ordinary citizens always can’t stand the temptation of high-interest financial management and frequently become "takers" and "reapers", while those "game makers" and "reapers" face obviously insufficient punishment? These hidden problems are worth pondering. Similarly, college graduates blindly pursue high salaries when seeking jobs, ignoring whether the industries they are engaged in are legal and compliant, thus forming wrong values and wealth views, which is more worthy of attention. (Reporter Li Jisen)