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CCTV News:In order to further promote the development of the language service industry, expand the export scale of language services and enhance the national language service capacity, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Education and other departments have built a number of language service export bases this year, which have made continuous progress in technology while cultivating language translators.

Liu Junrong is an English translator, majoring in language from undergraduate to graduate. Her first part-time job was not as an English tutor, but as a part-time translator on a language website.

Liu Junrong, an English interpreter in the translation center of a language information technology company in Sichuan;The business volume is very large, and there are many fields and languages. Because I am engaged in English, I chose the social science field that I am interested in, so that I can earn some pocket money and improve my study skills.

JUNG WOO, Product Manager of R&D Center of a Language Information Technology Company in Sichuan:This is the data of our backstage delivery. It can be seen that the delivery volume in the past 30 days is around 7,866 orders, and the delivery time is mainly concentrated from Monday to Friday, and the highest single day may reach more than 300 orders.

This company was recognized as an export base for language services by the Ministry of Commerce this year, with "language talent training and employment" as the core, and actively cooperated with many universities in Sichuan and Chongqing. The overseas income has increased significantly compared with 2020, with more than 3,000 foreign-related orders.

　　　　　　 Zhu Xianchao, Chairman of a Language Information Technology Company in Sichuan:In the future, we will actively expand overseas markets and plan to open branches or offices in Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa and other places to provide more convenient localization services for China enterprises to go overseas and overseas enterprises to invest in China.

Language translation needs not only the cultivation of talents, but also the improvement of technology. In a translation company in Hubei, an English manuscript of about 5,000 words only needs to be uploaded with one click, and each order has a customized translation payment scheme, and the order also relies on big data for intelligent distribution.

Xie Fei, a translator of a translation company in Hubei:Orders can be placed all over the world, because the whole process of this project is automated, so the time will be very short. They split a project into dozens or even hundreds of projects and recommend it to thousands of translators at the same time.

In recent years, with the continuous spread of overseas epidemic, the environment of international trade and cross-border communication has changed, which has a certain impact on the development of interpretation services such as overseas interpreters’ stationing and exhibition services. In the face of sudden challenges, this company chose to persist in continuous research and development in technology and strive to surpass the curve.

He Zhengyu, Dean of the Research Institute of a translation company in Hubei:We are not limited to machine translation, but also introduced AI technology and our own machine translation engine. The amount of data used by the overall vertical engine may have exceeded 1 billion. In this case, the number of projects that one person can trade at the same time will become a lot.

Russian customers of translation platform:The translation of a 200,000-word tender document takes one week in the traditional mode, and this platform can be shortened to less than 24 hours, which will gain more time for our enterprise.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 10th Question: What is the secret of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"? — — Revealing China’s Solution to the Problems in the Operation of Venues in the Post-Olympic Era

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xiao, Wang Yong

　　Olympic venues are an important foundation for hosting the Olympic Games. Looking back on the history of the world Olympic Games, almost all the main venues of the previous Olympic Games presented a wonderful and extraordinary "A" side during the games. However, due to the large amount of construction funds, large construction scale and high maintenance cost, it has become a world problem to solve the "B" aspect of the utilization of Olympic venues after the games.

　　On the 11th anniversary of the opening of the Beijing Olympic Games, reporters came to the National Stadium "Bird’s Nest", the National Aquatics Center "Water Cube" and the National Speed Skating Hall "Ice Ribbon" under construction, looking for a "China solution" to solve the world’s problems.

　　"Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" Show "Money Bag"

　　Although it has been 11 years since the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, thousands of tourists still come to the core area of Beijing Olympic Park in August. As an Olympic landmark with a population of nearly 1.4 billion, it has never lacked popularity.

　　However, as the iconic venues of the Beijing Olympic Games, the construction cost of the "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" is high, and it is not a small expense to ensure the high-quality maintenance of the venues. Can the "money bags" of these two Olympic venues hold up under the difficult circumstances of the world’s large-scale Olympic venues?

　　The reporter learned from the National Stadium Company that the operating income of "Bird’s Nest" in 2018 was 268 million yuan, which completely covered the operating costs such as depreciation of fixed assets, operation and maintenance fees, sales and management fees, and achieved independent profits for many years. The National Aquatics Center Company said that in 2018, the "Water Cube" achieved a revenue of 124 million yuan, and the venue broke even for many years.

　　"Three Mysteries" of Managing "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"

　　What is the management of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"? The reporter learned from in-depth interviews that what makes the two Olympic venues truly achieve sustainable development is the innovation of brand activities and the improvement of quality.

　　— — Undertake major international events. After the Beijing Olympic Games, the "Bird’s Nest" and the "Water Cube" launched a comprehensive market-oriented operation exploration. "Bird’s Nest" has become a professional venue for hosting top sports events with its first-class facilities and operational advantages. Many high-level individual events under FINA have settled in the "Water Cube".

　　— — Establish a diversified development system. "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" have formed a comprehensive business system including large-scale activities, tourism services and commercial development. Take the "Bird’s Nest" as an example. First, strengthen the development of tangible assets. The Bird’s Nest Cultural Center not only becomes a public cultural space in the capital, but also incubates innovative and entrepreneurial projects in the cultural and sports industry. The second is the development of intangible assets, constantly promoting advertising sponsorship and the development of cultural and creative products. The third is to extend the industrial chain of venues, and set up five subsidiaries around the "Bird’s Nest", including ticketing, commerce, activities, media and culture, so that the "Bird’s Nest" has the export conditions for venue management.

　　— — Cultivate independent brand projects. "Water Cube" has built a sub-brand of art exhibition "Art Water Cube" and a sub-brand of cultural performance "Dream Water Cube", and transformed itself from a sports venue into a platform for cultural and artistic exchange. After the country announced the goal of "300 million people participating in the ice and snow sports", the two major venues also created mass sports brands such as "Meet 2022" Ice and Snow Culture Festival, which enabled the Olympic venues to "get on the international stage and enter the people’s lives".

　　According to statistics, after the opening of the two venues, they received more than 56 million Chinese and foreign tourists and visitors, and held more than 3,400 events such as various competitions, performances, exhibitions and national fitness activities.

　　The post-match operation of stadiums and gymnasiums is a process of gradual industrialization and enterprise

　　The "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" have a bright "report card", which benefits from the strong leadership and scientific judgment of the venue owners.

　　As the earliest state-owned enterprise in Beijing to enter the cultural and sports industry, Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. summed up the "China experience" to solve the problem of the utilization of Olympic venues after the games.

　　"The post-match operation of stadiums and gymnasiums should be a process of gradual industrialization and enterprise, but the post-match operation of many stadiums and gymnasiums is still a pure government act. Once the large-scale event is over, it is difficult for the venue to balance social and economic benefits. " Wu Xiaonan, vice president of Beijing State-owned Corporation, pointed out the crux of the problem.

　　Wu Xiaonan said that the operation experience of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" proves that super-large stadiums need to introduce large-scale platform enterprises, especially comprehensive investment and financing platforms as venue operators, and bring resources for the integrated development of culture, sports, finance, venture capital and other industries for the development of stadiums, rather than simply turning stadiums into a company.

　　In order to operate the two major venues well, Beijing State-owned Assets Corporation has laid out the layout with the whole cultural and sports industry in mind, and coordinated the advantages of its capital cultural and sports industry flagship enterprises, digital vision technology and service providers and national A-level professional performance institutions on the Olympic venues. At the same time, Beijing SME Credit Re-guarantee Company in the financial sector set up the National Cultural and Creative Experimental Zone Enterprise Credit Promotion Association to promote the long-term operation of the Olympic venues through "combination boxing" with complementary resources.

　　"Facts have proved that this model is conducive to giving full play to the role of large state-owned enterprises. While ensuring the completion of important tasks, it can achieve a double harvest of social and economic benefits through enterprise management and integration of various formats." Wu Xiaonan said.

　　At the beginning of the construction of "Ice Ribbon", the problem of post-game utilization was considered.

　　In order to build the iconic new venue of Beijing Winter Olympics and the National Speed Skating Gymnasium "Ice Ribbon", Beijing established "Beijing National Speed Skating Gymnasium Management Co., Ltd.".

　　Wu Xiaonan, who is also the chairman of the National Speed Skating Hall Company, said that the "Ice Ribbon" was fully considered at the beginning of its construction. In addition to becoming a speed skating competition venue during the games, it can meet the needs of six kinds of ice sports competitions such as speed skating, short track speed skating, figure skating and curling, and can also meet the national fitness needs of 3,000 people skating at the same time.

　　At the end of this year, 22 flowing ice ribbons of the National Speed Skating Museum will fly in the Beijing Olympic Park, and together with the majestic steel structure "Bird’s Nest" and the flexible membrane structure "Water Cube", they will form the landmark building complex of "Double Olympic City".

　　Peng Yue, chairman of Beijing State-owned Assets Corporation, said: "Pass ‘ Bird’s Nest ’ ‘ Water cube ’ ‘ Ice ribbon ’ We hope to provide the international community with the Olympic venues after the Games ‘ Repeated utilization, comprehensive utilization and sustainable utilization ’ China’s experience, this is ‘ Four self-confidences ’ A vivid manifestation of implementation in practice. "

　　International Olympic Committee President Bach once commented: "China has every reason to be proud of its Olympic legacy."

　　The insiders believe that the post-games operation and sustainable utilization of Beijing Olympic venues have set a new example of benign interaction and win-win development between the Olympic Movement and cities and regions, benefiting the people for a long time. Continuing this road of sustainable development of the Olympic mega-stadiums with China characteristics will show more wonderful China to the world.

　　CCTV News:According to WeChat official account news from the Central Meteorological Observatory, the latest forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that the No.6 typhoon "Kanu" will land on the south coast of South Korea on the morning of August 10th and enter the northeast of China on the night of the 11th, bringing strong wind and rain. There are 6 ~ 7 winds in parts of Heilongjiang and Jilin, and local gusts are 10 ~ 11; There are heavy rains in northeastern Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang, and the accumulated rainfall can reach 120 ~ 200mm. The cumulative surface rainfall in sub-basins such as Mudanjiang, the lower reaches of Songhua River and Tumen River is 75 ~ 85mm. Meteorologists reminded that the future wind and rain affected areas of Typhoon Kanu are highly overlapped with the areas where heavy rains and floods occurred in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in the early stage, and the pressure of flood control is great. It is suggested to take precautions against floods, mountain torrents, geological disasters and urban and rural waterlogging in small and medium-sized rivers in advance.

　　It is estimated that the No.6 typhoon "Kanu" will move northward at a speed of about 10 kilometers per hour this year, and its intensity will be enhanced. It will land on the southern coast of South Korea on the morning of August 10, and its intensity is expected to be strong tropical storm or typhoon (28 ~ 33 m/s, 10 ~ 12), and it will enter the northeast of China on the night of the 11th, and gradually weaken into an extratropical cyclone.

　　Gale forecast: It is predicted that there will be 6-8 winds and 9-10 gusts in eastern Bohai Sea, Bohai Strait, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Taiwan Province Strait, southern coast of Zhejiang, northern coast of Fujian and northern coast of Taiwan Province Island on August 11th, affected by Kanu. Among them, the winds in the eastern part of the Yellow Sea and the eastern part of the East China Sea can reach 9-10 and the gusts are 11-10. On October 10-13, there were 4-5 winds and 6-7 gusts in the northeast and coastal waters of Shandong Peninsula, 6-7 winds and 8-9 gusts in some areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin, and the local winds could reach 8-9 and 10-11 gusts.

　　Rainfall forecast: On October 10-12, affected by Kanu, there was moderate to heavy rain in eastern Liaoning, and heavy rain in eastern Jilin, northern Heilongjiang and central and eastern China, including heavy rain in northeastern Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang. The accumulated rainfall in the above areas is 30 ~ 60 mm, and the local area can reach 120 ~ 200 mm. The maximum hourly rain intensity is 30 ~ 50 mm, and the local area can reach more than 60 mm. The main rainfall period is from the night of the 10th to the day of the 12th.

　　Surface rainfall forecast: on October 10-12, the surface rainfall in the sub-basins of Songhua River, such as Hulan reach, Lalin reach and Songhua Lake, is 22-28 mm; The cumulative area rainfall of Mudanjiang, the lower reaches of Songhua River and Tumen River is 75 ~ 85 mm..

　　Experts remind that since the end of July, there has been heavy rainfall in Northeast China, with rainfall in most parts of Heilongjiang, western Jilin and southern Liaoning being 30% to 80% higher than normal, and in some parts of southeastern Heilongjiang, northern Jilin and western Liaoning being more than twice as high, resulting in super-warning floods in many rivers, and heavy rains and floods in Lan Shu, Jilin, Wuchang and Shangzhi in Heilongjiang. Because the future wind and rain impact of Kanu is highly overlapped with the previous falling area, the disaster risk will be further aggravated, so it is suggested to do a good job in flood control in Songliao Basin. The bottom water of rivers in Heilongjiang and Jilin is high, so it is necessary to pay attention to the monitoring of rain, water and flood, strengthen the inspection of dams and dams in rivers, reservoirs and lakes to ensure the safety of small and medium-sized rivers, reservoirs and towns, and strengthen the prevention of disasters such as flash floods, landslides and mudslides in mountainous areas.

　　In addition, it is estimated that on October 10-12, the risk level of farmland waterlogging disaster in some areas such as central and eastern Heilongjiang and eastern Jilin is high, which has adverse effects on the growth and development of crops such as spring corn, soybeans and potatoes. It is suggested to clear ditches and drain water in time to reduce the risk of crop lodging.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Jinan, December 16th: Birds fall in love with the Yellow River Estuary — — Visit to the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Nian and Wu Shuguang

　　Since the beginning of winter, the scenery of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve in Shandong Province is more like a beautiful picture of a scenery film — — Between the waves, the reeds on the shoals are like snow, and groups of migratory birds are strolling comfortably or spreading their wings, and the beautiful songs are one after another.

　　The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea from Dongying, Shandong Province, and its alluvial Yellow River Delta has a complete wetland ecosystem in warm temperate zone. In 1992, a national protected area with a total area of 153,000 hectares was established here, which played an important role in protecting the newly-born wetland ecosystem and rare and endangered birds. In 2013, the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta were listed in the list of internationally important wetlands by the International Convention on Wetlands; In 2018, Dongying ranked among the first batch of "international wetland cities" in the world.

　　When the reporter visited the nature reserve, he saw that the red-crowned crane walked gracefully, the white crane, the wart-nosed swan and the white spoonbill were hovering at low altitude, and the solitary oriental white stork stayed quietly in the nest most of the time … …

　　In the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, the nest of oriental storks with a diameter of several meters is on the telephone pole. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　Liujing, head of the Ecological Monitoring Center of the Yellow River Delta, told the reporter that the number of birds in the nature reserve has increased from 187 when it was built to 371 now, including 25 species under national first-class protection and 65 species under second-class protection. The number of 38 species of birds exceeds 1% of the global total. Millions of birds migrate here every year, and some of them even spend the winter and breed here.

　　This is a great egret shot in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　"This is an important transit point for bird migration, with ‘ Bird International Airport ’ The reputation of the migration peak is extremely busy. " Zhao Yajie, a researcher at the reserve, said that among the nine bird migration routes in the world, two routes, East Asia-Australasia and the Pacific Rim, pass through the Yellow River Delta.

　　Two red-crowned cranes in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve perched among the aquatic plants. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　Since last year, rare birds such as white pelican and spoonbill snipe have been discovered in the Yellow River Delta. However, in the view of researchers, the national first-class protection of birds, Oriental White Storks, is a testimony to the continuous improvement of the ecological environment. They only passed through the Yellow River Delta in their migration at the earliest, and began to nest here in 2003. In 2005, they first bred two nests of seven young birds in the wild. Observations show that this year, Oriental white storks have bred 324 chicks in 120 nests, with a total of 2278 chicks. "According to the information we have, it is undoubtedly the largest breeding ground for oriental storks in the world." Zhao Yajie said.

　　This is a bird flock taken near the dampproof dike in Kenli District, Dongying City. Ren Xiaojie

　　The reporter learned that the reserve not only insists on protection priority and natural restoration, but also takes the initiative and acts scientifically. For example, oriental storks like to nest and lay eggs in tall trees to hatch chicks, but there are no such trees in the Yellow River Delta. After careful research, the reserve has built 115 artificial nests for oriental storks, which proves to be effective. The reporter saw that the bird’s nest with a diameter of more than 2 meters on the high cement pole was quite eye-catching.

　　At the same time, since 2002, the local area has taken advantage of the favorable opportunity of the Yellow River to adjust water and sediment to replenish water, and successively implemented habitat protection projects for key species such as oriental white stork and black-billed gull, and the species and number of birds have increased significantly.

　　"Water is the life of the wetland. There are water, fish and birds." Tianpeng Wang, the stationmaster of the 1,200-meter management station in the nature reserve, said that continuous water supply for many years has effectively curbed the degradation of wetlands, restored the ecology, and steadily increased the biodiversity of wetlands, attracting more and more birds to inhabit and breed here. According to the introduction of Shandong Yellow River Bureau, Diaokou River was the flow path of the Yellow River before its diversion in 1976. Since 2010, the ecological water supply of this flow path has reached 381 million cubic meters.

　　Because of the strict requirements for breeding sites, the black-billed gull, a national first-class protected bird, is often regarded as an indicator species of wetland ecological environment changes, and is listed in the Red Book of Endangered Animals in China and the Red List of Endangered Species of IUCN. In 1992, two breeding grounds of black-billed gull were discovered for the first time in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve. Since then, its population has been expanding. The survey this spring showed that its breeding population exceeded 10,000 for the first time.

　　The reporter learned that the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is also the largest new wetland natural vegetation area along the coast of China, with 1,630 species of wild animals and 685 species of plants respectively. Xu Mingde, secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the management committee of the nature reserve, said that they insisted on using an ecological approach to manage the ecology, and the wetland area of the nature reserve has increased by 12.3% and 188 square kilometers since 2017.

　　The endless wings of Suaeda salsa dye the vast beaches red. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　It is understood that the Yellow River Estuary National Park, which is integrated from eight nature reserves such as the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, has entered the stage of creation and implementation. In line with the goal of building the first land-sea integrated national park in China, the local government is solidly promoting a series of ecological protection and restoration projects to promote a healthier ecosystem and further enhance biodiversity.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 20th Assumption of maritime cooperation in the construction of "Belt and Road"

　　In 2013, the Supreme Leader of president, China successively put forward major initiatives to jointly build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. In 2015, the China Municipal Government issued "Vision and Action for Promoting the Joint Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road", which put forward that policy communication, facilities connectivity, smooth trade, capital financing and people’s hearts should be the main contents, adhere to the principles of mutual consultation, joint construction and sharing, and actively promote the construction of the "Belt and Road", which has received extensive attention and positive response from the international community.

　　In order to further strengthen strategic docking and joint action with countries along the route, promote the establishment of an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging blue partnership, protect and sustainably utilize the oceans and marine resources, realize the harmony and common development of the people and the sea, jointly enhance the well-being of the oceans, and jointly build and prosper the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Oceanic Administration have specially formulated and issued the "Assumption of Maritime Cooperation on the Belt and Road".

　　I. Background of the Times

　　The ocean is the largest ecosystem on the earth, a common space and precious wealth for human survival and sustainable development. With the further development of economic globalization and regional economic integration, the cooperation in market, technology and information with the ocean as the carrier and link has become increasingly close, and the development of blue economy has gradually become an international consensus, and an era of paying more attention to and relying on maritime cooperation and development has arrived. "Walking alone is fast, and many people travel far". Strengthening maritime cooperation conforms to the world development trend and the general trend of open cooperation. It is an inevitable choice to promote closer economic ties, deeper mutually beneficial cooperation and broader development space for all countries in the world. It is also an important way for all countries in the world to jointly meet the crisis challenges and promote regional peace and stability.

　　Adhering to the Silk Road spirit of peaceful cooperation, openness, tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit, China Government is committed to promoting the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development formulated by the United Nations in the marine field, and is willing to carry out all-round and multi-field maritime cooperation with countries along the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century, jointly create an open and inclusive cooperation platform, establish an active and pragmatic blue partnership, and cast a "blue engine" for sustainable development.

　　Second, the principle of cooperation

　　Seek common ground while reserving differences and build consensus. Maintain the international maritime order, respect the diverse marine development concepts of countries along the route, take care of each other’s concerns, bridge cognitive differences, seek common ground while reserving differences, conduct extensive consultations and gradually reach a consensus on cooperation.

　　Open cooperation and inclusive development. Further open the market, improve the investment environment, eliminate trade barriers and promote trade and investment facilitation. Enhance political mutual trust, strengthen dialogue among different civilizations, and advocate inclusive development and harmonious symbiosis.

　　Market operation, multi-party participation. Follow the market rules and international rules, and give full play to the main role of enterprises. Support the establishment of multi-stakeholder partnerships and promote the extensive participation of governments, international organizations, civil society, business and industry in maritime cooperation.

　　Discuss and build together, and share benefits. Respect the development wishes of countries along the route, give consideration to the interests of all parties, give full play to the comparative advantages of all parties, seek common cooperation, jointly build and share achievements, promote the poverty eradication of developing countries, and promote the formation of a community of interests for maritime cooperation.

　　Third, the idea of cooperation

　　Take the ocean as a link to enhance common well-being and develop common interests, take sharing blue space and developing blue economy as the main line, strengthen strategic docking with countries along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, promote pragmatic cooperation in all fields, jointly build a smooth, safe and efficient maritime passage, jointly promote the establishment of a maritime cooperation platform, jointly develop a blue partnership, and move in the opposite direction along the road of harmonious development of green development, maritime prosperity, safety and security, intellectual innovation and cooperative governance, so as to benefit the people of all countries along the route.

　　According to the key direction of the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century, the "Belt and Road" maritime cooperation is supported by China’s coastal economic belt, closely cooperates with countries along the route, connects the China-Indo-China Peninsula economic corridor, enters the Indian Ocean westward through the South China Sea, connects China-Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar economic corridors, and jointly builds the China-Indian Ocean-Africa-Mediterranean blue economic corridor; Enter the Pacific Ocean southward through the South China Sea to jointly build a blue economic channel of China-Oceania-South Pacific; Actively promote the joint construction of a blue economic channel connecting Europe through the Arctic Ocean.

　　Fourth, the focus of cooperation

　　Focusing on building a mutually beneficial and win-win blue partnership, we will innovate cooperation modes, build cooperation platforms, jointly formulate several action plans, implement a number of exemplary and driving cooperation projects, take the road of green development, create a road of prosperity by the sea, build a road of safety and security, build a road of wisdom and innovation, and seek a road of cooperative governance.

　　(1) Take the road of green development together.

　　Maintaining marine health is the most inclusive welfare of people’s livelihood, which is beneficial to the present and the future. The Government of China proposes that countries along the route jointly launch marine ecological environmental protection actions to provide more high-quality marine ecological services and safeguard global marine ecological security.

　　Protect the health and biodiversity of marine ecosystems. Strengthen pragmatic cooperation in marine ecological protection and restoration, marine endangered species protection and other fields, promote the establishment of long-term cooperation mechanisms, and jointly build cross-border marine ecological corridors. Jointly carry out monitoring, health assessment, protection and restoration of typical marine ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs, protect island ecosystems and coastal wetlands, and hold the Binhai wetlands international Forum.

　　Promote regional marine environmental protection. Strengthen cooperation in marine environmental pollution, marine garbage, marine acidification, red tide monitoring, pollution emergency and other fields, promote the establishment of marine pollution prevention and emergency cooperation mechanisms, jointly carry out marine environmental assessment, and jointly publish marine environmental status reports. Establish China-ASEAN cooperation mechanism for marine environmental protection. Promote cooperation in marine environmental protection under the framework of China-ASEAN environmental cooperation strategy and action plan. It is proposed that countries along the route jointly launch and implement the Green Silk Road Messenger Program to improve the marine environmental pollution prevention and control capabilities of countries along the route.

　　Strengthen cooperation on climate change in the marine field. Promote the demonstration of circular low-carbon development and application in the marine field. The Government of China supports the small island countries along the route to cope with global climate change, and is willing to provide technical assistance in dealing with marine disasters, sea level rise, coastal erosion and degradation of marine ecosystems, and support the countries along the route to conduct surveys and assessments on the island and coastal zone conditions.

　　Strengthen international cooperation in blue carbon. The Government of China initiated the Blue Carbon Plan of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, jointly carried out the monitoring, standards and carbon sink research of the blue carbon ecosystem in the ocean and coastal zone with countries along the route, jointly issued the Blue Carbon Report of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and promoted the establishment of an international blue carbon forum and cooperation mechanism.

　　(B) to create a prosperous road by the sea

　　Promoting development and eradicating poverty is the common aspiration of people of all countries along the route. Give full play to the comparative advantages of various countries, scientifically develop and utilize marine resources, realize interconnection, promote the development of blue economy and share a better life.

　　Strengthen cooperation in the development and utilization of marine resources. Cooperate with countries along the route to carry out resource investigation, establish a resource list and resource pool, assist countries along the route to formulate plans for the development and utilization of marine resources, and provide necessary technical assistance. Guide enterprises to participate in marine resources development projects in an orderly manner. Actively participate in the investigation and evaluation of marine resources carried out by international organizations involved in the sea.

　　Improve the level of cooperation in marine industry. Build marine industrial parks and economic and trade cooperation zones with countries along the route, and guide China’s sea-related enterprises to participate in the park construction. Implement a number of blue economic cooperation demonstration projects to support developing countries along the route to develop mariculture, improve living standards and alleviate poverty. Work with countries along the route to plan and develop marine tourism routes, create quality marine tourism products, and establish a tourism information exchange and sharing mechanism.

　　Promote maritime interconnection. Strengthen international maritime cooperation, improve the shipping service network between countries along the route, and jointly build international and regional shipping centers. Strengthen port cooperation along the route by concluding sister port or sister port agreements and forming port alliances, and support China enterprises to participate in the construction and operation of ports along the route in various ways. Promote joint planning and construction of submarine optical cable projects and improve the level of international communication interconnection.

　　Improve the level of maritime facilitation. Strengthen communication and coordination with relevant countries, and cooperate closely around standardizing the international transportation market and improving the level of transportation facilitation. Accelerate cooperation with relevant countries in the areas of mutual recognition of port supervision, mutual assistance in law enforcement and information exchange.

　　Promote the construction of information infrastructure connectivity. We will build an information transmission, processing, management and application system, an information standard and specification system and an information security system covering the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, so as to provide a public platform for network interconnection and information resource sharing.

　　Actively participate in the development and utilization of the Arctic. The Government of China is willing to jointly carry out a comprehensive scientific investigation of the Arctic waterway, establish an Arctic shore-based observatory, study the climate and environmental changes in the Arctic and their impacts, and provide waterway forecasting services. Support countries around the Arctic Ocean to improve the transportation conditions of the Arctic waterway, and encourage China enterprises to participate in the commercial utilization of the Arctic waterway. We are willing to cooperate with relevant countries in the Arctic to carry out resource potential assessment in the Arctic region, encourage China enterprises to participate in the sustainable development of Arctic resources in an orderly manner, and strengthen clean energy cooperation with Arctic countries. Actively participate in the activities of relevant international organizations in the Arctic.

　　(3) Building a road of safety and security together

　　Maintaining maritime safety is an important guarantee for developing blue economy. Advocate the concept of mutual benefit, cooperation and win-win maritime security, strengthen cooperation in marine public services, maritime management, maritime search and rescue, marine disaster prevention and mitigation, maritime law enforcement and other fields, improve the ability to prevent and resist risks, and jointly safeguard maritime security.

　　Strengthen cooperation in marine public services. The Government of China initiated the plan to build and share marine public services along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, advocated the countries along the route to build and share the marine observation and monitoring network and the comprehensive survey and measurement results of the marine environment, and increased technical and equipment assistance to the marine observation and monitoring infrastructure of developing countries along the route. The government of China is willing to strengthen international cooperation in the application of Beidou satellite navigation and remote sensing satellite system in the marine field, and provide satellite positioning and remote sensing information applications and services for countries along the route.

　　Carry out cooperation in maritime navigation safety. The Government of China is willing to undertake corresponding international obligations, participate in bilateral and multilateral maritime navigation safety and crisis management and control mechanisms, jointly carry out activities in non-traditional security fields such as combating maritime crimes, and jointly safeguard maritime navigation safety.

　　Conduct joint maritime search and rescue. Under the framework of international conventions, the government of China is willing to undertake corresponding international obligations, strengthen information exchange and joint search and rescue with countries along the route, establish mutual visits of maritime search and rescue forces, share search and rescue information, exchange training and joint drills for search and rescue personnel, and enhance the common emergency and action capability of maritime emergencies such as disaster disposal and tourism safety.

　　Work together to improve marine disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. It is proposed to jointly build a marine disaster early warning system in key sea areas such as the South China Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and jointly develop marine disaster early warning products to provide services for maritime transportation, maritime escort and disaster prevention. Support the operational operation of the South China Sea Tsunami Warning Center and provide tsunami warning services to neighboring countries. We will promote the establishment of a cooperative mechanism for marine disaster prevention and mitigation with countries along the route, set up training bases, carry out cooperative research and application demonstration on marine disaster risk prevention and catastrophe response, and provide technical assistance to countries along the route.

　　Promote maritime law enforcement cooperation. Strengthen dialogue with countries along the route, control differences, promote maritime law enforcement cooperation under the bilateral and multilateral framework, establish and improve cooperation mechanisms such as maritime joint law enforcement, fishery law enforcement, maritime anti-terrorism and riot prevention, promote the construction of maritime law enforcement liaison network, and jointly formulate emergency plans for emergencies. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with maritime law enforcement departments of countries along the route to provide necessary assistance for maritime law enforcement training.

　　(D) to build a road of wisdom and innovation

　　Innovation is the source power to lead the sustainable development of the ocean. Deepen cooperation in marine scientific research, education and training, cultural exchanges and other fields, enhance marine awareness, promote the application of scientific and technological achievements, and lay a public opinion foundation for deepening maritime cooperation.

　　Deepen marine scientific research and technical cooperation. Co-sponsor the marine science and technology partnership program with countries along the route, and jointly carry out major projects such as scientific investigation and research on key sea areas and passages of the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century, observation and research on monsoon-ocean interaction, anomaly prediction and impact assessment. Deepen cooperation in the fields of marine survey, observation equipment, renewable energy, seawater desalination, marine biopharmaceuticals, marine food technology, offshore unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ships, etc., strengthen cooperation in docking and technology transfer of marine technical standards systems, and support scientific research institutions and enterprises to jointly build overseas technology demonstration and promotion bases.

　　Build a platform for cooperation in marine science and technology. We will build a platform for the interconnection and sharing of marine research infrastructure and scientific and technological resources with countries along the route, and cooperate in the construction of marine science and technology cooperation parks. We will promote the construction of APEC Marine Sustainable Development Center, East Asia Marine Cooperation Platform, China-ASEAN Marine Cooperation Center, China-ASEAN Ocean College, China-East Asia Sea Environmental Management Partnership Program Coastal Zone Sustainable Management Cooperation Center, China-Malaysia Joint Research Center, China-Indonesia Ocean and Climate Center, China-Thailand Joint Laboratory of Climate and Marine Ecosystem, China-Pakistan Joint Marine Research Center, and China-Israel Joint Research Center for Seawater Desalination, so as to jointly improve the innovation capability of marine science and technology.

　　Build and share a smart ocean application platform. We will jointly promote the sharing of marine data and information products among countries, establish cooperation mechanisms and networks among marine data centers, jointly carry out reanalysis research and application of marine data, and build a marine and marine climate data center on the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century. Joint research and development of marine big data and cloud platform technology, and construction of marine public information sharing service platform for economic and social development.

　　Carry out marine education and cultural exchanges. We will continue to implement the China Government’s Ocean Scholarship Program, and expand the scale of study and training for personnel from countries along the route. Promote the implementation of marine knowledge and cultural exchange and integration plan, support China coastal cities to become sister cities with cities along the route, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with marine public welfare organizations and popular science institutions along the route. Carry forward Mazu marine culture, promote the construction of Mazu marine cultural center in the world, promote exchanges and cooperation in marine cultural heritage protection, underwater archaeology and excavation, hold marine culture year and marine art festival with countries along the route, and inherit and carry forward the friendly and cooperative spirit of the 21st century Maritime Silk Road.

　　Jointly promote the spread of sea-related culture. Strengthen media cooperation, carry out cross-border interview activities, and build a circle of media friends on the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Innovate the mode of communication, and jointly create a multi-national civilization and multi-lingual media form. Work together to develop literary and artistic creations related to the sea, and jointly produce literary and artistic works that show the customs and friendly exchanges of countries along the route, and consolidate the foundation of public opinion.

　　(E) the road of collusion and cooperative governance

　　Establishing a close blue partnership is an effective channel to promote maritime cooperation. Strengthen strategic docking and dialogue and consultation, deepen cooperation consensus, enhance political mutual trust, establish a bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanism, and jointly participate in ocean governance to provide institutional guarantee for deepening maritime cooperation.

　　Establish a high-level dialogue mechanism in the ocean. Establish a multi-level and multi-channel communication, consultation and dialogue mechanism with the coastal areas, promote the signing of intergovernmental and inter-departmental marine cooperation documents, jointly formulate cooperation plans, implementation plans and road maps, and jointly promote the implementation of major projects. We will promote the establishment of a high-level dialogue mechanism among countries along the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century, jointly promote the implementation of the action plan and jointly address major marine issues. China-small island countries maritime ministers round table and China-Southern European countries maritime cooperation forum will be well organized.

　　Establish a blue economic cooperation mechanism. Establish a global blue economic partnership forum, promote new concepts and practices of blue economy, and promote industrial docking and capacity cooperation. Jointly formulate and promote the international standard of statistical classification of blue economy, establish a data sharing platform, carry out the blue economy assessment of countries along the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century, compile and publish the blue economy development report, and share successful experiences. Create marine financial public products and support the development of blue economy.

　　Carry out research and application of ocean planning. Jointly promote the formulation of cross-border marine spatial planning with the goal of promoting blue growth, implement common principles and standards, share best practices and evaluation methods, and promote the establishment of an international forum on marine spatial planning including relevant stakeholders. The Government of China is willing to provide training and technical assistance for countries along the route in marine development planning, and help them to formulate marine development planning.

　　Strengthen cooperation with multilateral mechanisms. Support the establishment of marine cooperation mechanisms and institutional rules under multilateral cooperation mechanisms such as APEC, East Asian Cooperation Leaders’ Meeting, China-Africa Cooperation Forum and China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development Cooperation Forum. Support the role of the United Nations Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the East Asian Sea Environmental Partnership, the Indian Ocean Rim Alliance and the International Ocean Academy to jointly organize and promote major plans and projects.

　　Strengthen exchanges and cooperation in think tanks. We will promote dialogue and exchanges between think tanks of countries along the route, cooperate in research on strategic and policy docking, and jointly launch major initiatives to provide intellectual support for building the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The Government of China supports domestic think tanks to establish strategic partnerships with relevant institutions of countries along the route and international marine organizations, and promotes the establishment of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road think tank alliance, creating a cooperation platform and collaboration network.

　　Strengthen cooperation among non-governmental organizations. Encourage non-governmental organizations in countries along the route to carry out marine public service, academic discussions, cultural exchanges, scientific and technological cooperation, knowledge dissemination and other activities, and promote the mutual promotion of cooperation between non-governmental organizations and intergovernmental cooperation, and jointly participate in marine governance.

　　V. Positive actions

　　The China Municipal Government attaches great importance to maritime cooperation with relevant countries, strengthens strategic communication, builds a cooperation platform, and carries out a series of cooperation projects, and the overall progress is smooth.

　　Top leaders lead the push. Under the witness of China and the leaders of relevant countries, it has signed intergovernmental cooperation agreements, memorandums of cooperation and joint statements in the marine field with Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, India, Pakistan, Maldives, South Africa and other countries, carried out strategic docking with many countries along the route, and established extensive marine cooperation partnerships.

　　Build a cooperation platform. Cooperation mechanisms such as Blue Economy Forum, Marine Environmental Protection Seminar, Maritime Consultation, Maritime Cooperation Forum, China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Center, and East Asia Maritime Cooperation Platform have been established under the mechanisms of APEC, East Asia Cooperation Leaders’ Meeting and China-ASEAN Cooperation Framework. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Expo, 21st Century Maritime Silk Road International Art Festival and World Mazu Marine Culture Forum have been held successively, which have played an important role in enhancing understanding, building consensus and deepening maritime cooperation.

　　Increase capital investment. The China government has made overall plans for domestic resources, established the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund and the China-Indonesia Maritime Cooperation Fund, and implemented the Framework Plan for International Cooperation in the South China Sea and Its Surrounding Seas. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Silk Road Fund provided financial support for major maritime cooperation projects.

　　Promote internal and external docking. The China Municipal Government encourages economic zones and coastal port cities such as the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta, the west coast of the Taiwan Strait and the Pearl River Delta to give full play to their local characteristics, increase opening up and deepen pragmatic cooperation with countries along the route. Support the construction of Fujian 21st Century Maritime Silk Road core area, Zhejiang Marine Economic Development Demonstration Zone, Fujian Strait Blue Economic Experimental Zone and Zhoushan Islands Marine New Area, and increase the development and opening up of Hainan International Tourism Island. We will promote the construction of a demonstration city for innovation and development of marine economy and start the construction of a demonstration zone for marine economic development.

　　Promote the project to land. The construction of coastal industrial park in Malacca, Malaysia has been stepped up. The operation capacity of Gwadar Port in Pakistan has been improved, and the construction of port free zone and investment promotion have been steadily advanced. Progress has been made in the integrated development of "Port+Park+City" in kyaukpyu, Myanmar. The second phase of Colombo Port City and Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka was promoted in an orderly manner. The Ethiopia-Djibouti railway has been completed and opened to traffic, and the Mombasa-Nairobi railway in Kenya is about to open to traffic. Piraeus Port in Greece has been built into an important transit hub port. China has cooperated with the Netherlands to develop offshore wind power, and cooperation projects on seawater desalination with Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Iran and other countries are being implemented. The level of submarine communication interconnection has been greatly improved, and the Asia-Pacific direct submarine optical cable (APG) has been officially put into operation. Remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of overseas parks such as China-Malaysia Qinzhou-Guan Dan "two countries and two parks", Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone in Cambodia and Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone in Egypt.

　　Looking forward to the future, the China Municipal Government is willing to work with countries along the route with confidence and sincerity to promote maritime cooperation in the construction of the Belt and Road, share opportunities, meet challenges together, seek common development, act together, cherish the shared ocean, protect the blue homeland, and jointly promote the grand blueprint of the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century.

??1905 movie network news Ada recently took publicity photos for a fashion program jointly organized by China and South Korea. Wearing a long black dress, she showed her beautiful legs, and her S-shaped curve was concave and convex. Her temperament was mysterious and elegant, but she also revealed some playful colors. She wrestled with South Korean actress Liu Renna at the recording scene of the program, and easily won the game, which was cheered and encouraged by the China players present. However, in the program broadcast a few days ago, only a picture of Liu Renna winning was played, which attracted controversy among fans and made them spit out God’s editing.

    Ada and Liu Renna naturally started the hostile mode as soon as they met in the program. In the program, Liu Renna admitted that he was very afraid of Ada. "This woman gives people a feeling of invulnerability, especially cold-blooded." In the arm-wrestling game that really ignited the desire to win or lose, when Sean and Zhang Chi both lost to the South Korean team, Ada, who claimed to be a "female man", showed strong confidence. After replacing high heels, she wore a low-cut dress and made preparations for the split, and prepared for the battle with an exaggerated A-shape, even more telling Liu Renna to get ready or she would really be sent directly to the hospital. Liu Renna, who has been shouting "fear", unexpectedly killed Ada in 3 seconds after proposing to change the venue.

Daxian Reservoir with a total storage capacity of 2.08 million cubic meters has dried up.

　　Affected by the El Ni? o phenomenon, there is a serious drought in Hainan. Yesterday, the reporter saw in Daxian Reservoir in Haiwei Town, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, southwest of Hainan Province that the reservoir has dried up to the bottom, most of the bottom of the reservoir has turned into grassland, and some of the ground in the middle has cracked due to drought. Up to now, 16 cities and counties in Hainan Province have been affected by drought successively. There are 164 small and medium-sized reservoirs in the province whose water storage is lower than the outlet of drainage culvert, of which 70 have dried up, and the affected area of crops has reached 181,200 mu, and 28,000 people have difficulty drinking water temporarily. Hainan has invested 30 million yuan in drought relief to increase the intensity of artificial precipitation enhancement.

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　　Both reservoirs have "bottomed out" and "island in the middle of the lake" with exposed loess and long grass.

　　The reporter recently visited the largest reservoir in Hainan Province — — Songtao Reservoir and the second largest reservoir in the province — — Daguangba Reservoir found that the water storage capacity of these two reservoirs has been greatly reduced, and both have "bottomed out". The reporter went to Songtao Reservoir, located in the south of Danzhou City, and saw that the vastness before the reservoir no longer existed. A large area of loess was exposed in the reservoir, and some fishing boats docked on the shore.

　　Luo Feng, secretary of the Party branch of Songtao Reservoir Area, stood in front of the stone carving with the characters "Songtao Reservoir" and "overlooked" the water. "If it is a normal water level, the water can reach where I stand." Luo Feng said, "The water level has dropped more than 20 meters than normal, and it has also dropped by about 10 meters compared with the same period last year."

　　According to Fu Dongxuan, director of the dispatching center of Songtao Irrigation District Management Branch of Hainan Water Conservancy Irrigation District Administration, Songtao Reservoir has a total storage capacity of 3.345 billion cubic meters, and its main task is to solve the problems of irrigation water, industrial and domestic water use in Danzhou, Lingao, Chengmai and Haikou. But at present, the storage capacity of the reservoir is less than 1 billion cubic meters, and the water discharge capacity is less than 500 million cubic meters. Some towns farthest from the irrigation area in Danzhou once had difficulty drinking water for people and livestock.

　　The reporter drove all the way to Dongfang City, and the magnificent Daguangba Reservoir has also "bottomed out". Large areas of loess have been exposed at the bottom of the reservoir, forming an "island in the middle of the lake", which is covered with grass. On the other side of the dam, the rugged rocks are not moistened by water and are roasted by the scorching sun.

　　It is understood that the existing storage capacity of Daguangba Reservoir is only 400 million cubic meters, which is more than 1 billion cubic meters lower than the normal storage capacity and more than 400 million cubic meters lower than the same period last year.

　　Confucian Village: All the wells in the village have dried up.

　　3 villages drink water by water tankers.

　　Following in the footsteps of Zhang Shucheng, director of Rucun Village, the reporter came to a melon field. The vines and leaves of watermelons in the melon field were listless, some leaves were yellow and faded, and several big watermelons were not seen in the whole melon field. "According to the abundant rain in previous years, there should be big watermelons everywhere in the field, and it is not unusual to weigh seven or eight pounds." Zhang Shucheng said that this year’s drought is serious, melon farmers are short of water when sowing, and they are short of water for irrigation at ordinary times, and they are still short of water when flowering and fruiting. At this time in the past, melon merchants came to the village to talk about acquisitions. "This year, the output of watermelons has been reduced by at least 3/5. Watermelons are poor in growth, ugly in shape and low in quality, and no one has come to buy them. It can be said that melon farmers have lost their blood this year."

　　When you come to the Confucian village, you can see the bottom of the well in the village. "All the wells in the village have dried up." Zhang Shucheng said that people and animals in the village have difficulty drinking water. In March, the villagers reported the situation to the town. In order to solve the problem of drinking water for the villagers, Guangcun Town arranged a car to deliver water to the village the next day. "The water sent is only enough for people and animals to drink, and bathing and washing is a luxury." "Our village is relatively remote and it is difficult to lay a tap water pipeline, so the town invested to help us drill a 100-meter deep water well." Zhang Shucheng said that the deep water well has now been completed and can be put into use immediately.

　　"The drought is more serious this year, especially in Liuxing Village and Dalao Village in the town. From December 2015 to now, drinking water for people and livestock has been solved by sending water by car in the town. " Sun Zhannan, secretary of the town Committee of Eman Town, Danzhou City, said. Compared with Confucian villages in Guangcun town, the situation in Liuxing and Dalao villages in Eman town is more serious. According to Sun Zhannan, secretary of the town Committee of Eman Town, only 44 mu of rice is in the field because of the lack of irrigation and drought this year. "Not only is agriculture short of water, but drinking water for people and livestock is also a problem." Sun Zhannan said that it is very difficult for people and animals to drink water now. There are 29 households with 113 people in Liuxing Village, a multi-industry village committee, and 50 households with 204 people in Dalao Village. "Although the water pipeline has been laid, it has not yet been put into use." He said that in order to solve the drinking water problem in these two villages, the town government will arrange water trucks to transport water to the villages every day, once in the morning and once in the evening.

　　interpret

　　El Nino’s over-age "El Nino" shows its power.

　　This round of El Nino phenomenon was named "Bruce Lee" by American meteorologists, because its duration, cumulative intensity and peak intensity all reached the highest level in 65 years. Although it has peaked since the beginning of this year, the El Nino "Bruce Lee" is still powerful. Affected by this, hot and dry weather has been going on in Southeast Asia and South Asia for quite some time.

　　According to the detection of China National Climate Center, the current El Ni? o phenomenon has lasted for 19 months since its development in September 2014, exceeding the cycle of 14 months and 13 months of the previous two super El Ni? o phenomena and becoming an over-aged "El Ni? o". From May 1997 to May 1998, the super-strong El Ni? o phenomenon caused a total of 21,000 deaths and caused a global economic loss of $36 billion.

　　(Comprehensive Xinhua News Agency People’s Network Southern Metropolis Daily)

Military guidance theory is the basic follow-up to lead military practice. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, as the core of the Party, the commander-in-chief of the army and the leader of the people, has created and formed the thought of strengthening the army by the Supreme Leader with distinctive characteristics of the times and China characteristics in the magnificent military practice, and realized that the party’s military guiding theory keeps pace with the times again.

The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army has guided the construction of the people’s army in the new era and made historic achievements

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, so has national defense and army building. In the practice of governing the country, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader led the people’s army to rebuild and rebuild in an all-round way, promoted the "four modernizations" of the army in an all-round way, and opened up a grand foundation to support the rejuvenation of a powerful country on the journey of strengthening the army and rejuvenating the army.

Military reform is extraordinary and a historic breakthrough has been achieved. Breaking and then standing, breaking and standing, and hoofing and stepping steadily are the distinctive features of our party building and army management in the new era. Facing the complicated and profound changes in the international situation and national security environment, and facing the institutional obstacles, structural contradictions and policy issues that have long restricted national defense and army building, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a strategic conclusion that "deepening the reform of national defense and army is the requirement of the times to realize the Chinese dream and the dream of strengthening the army, the only way to strengthen the army and the key measure to determine the future of the army". He personally led, personally designed and personally promoted the military reform in the overall deployment of the reform of the party and the state, initiated an unprecedented overall revolutionary change in the history of our army, and fought "three major battles." The first was the "above the neck" reform, which established the leadership and management system of "Central Military Commission-services-troops" and the operational command system of "Central Military Commission-war zone-troops", breaking the long-standing headquarters system, military region system and continental army system. The second is the "below the neck" reform, which reduces the number of military personnel by 300,000, greatly simplifies the non-combat institutions and personnel of the military, and implements the "army-brigade-battalion" system for the main combat troops, changing the long-standing land-based and homeland-defensive forces. The third is the military policy system reform, which systematically promotes the policy system reform in the four major areas of party building, strength application, strength building and military management, and establishes and improves Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s military policy system. The three reform campaigns are interlocking, and the people’s army has been completely transformed and has a new look.

The army building is extraordinary and a historic leap has taken place. In the face of the army’s long-standing abuses for a period of time, the Supreme Leader General Secretary gained insight into the problem from a political perspective, personally led the Gutian Army’s political work conference, set up a general plan for building the army politically, unswervingly promoted political training and consolidation, seriously investigated and dealt with serious cases of violation of discipline and law by senior cadres, completely eliminated the pernicious influence, and the people’s army was reborn from the ashes and the political ecology was fundamentally reversed. Promote the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the army through science and technology, seize the key of national defense science and technology innovation, establish the strategic basis of independent innovation, greatly strengthen basic research and original innovation, and realize the transformation of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment construction from running side by side to running side by side. Promote the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the army with talents, build a new military talent training system, innovate military human resource management, and recruit outstanding talents from all walks of life to join the cause of strengthening the army. Grasp the core and foundation of all the work of the army, grasp the leadership and party building work of the army, and promote the grassroots construction of the people’s army to make great progress. We will step up efforts to administer the army according to law and strictly manage the military, speed up the construction of a military legal system with China characteristics, continue to rectify the "four winds" and the "Five-odd" problems, and promote the gradual and fundamental transformation of the way of administering the army. The "combination boxing" formed by a series of major measures has made a comprehensive situation and a long-term trend, which has continuously improved the quality and efficiency of people’s army building in the new era.

The military struggle was extraordinary and achieved historic results. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, new complex and profound changes have taken place in the international pattern. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has profoundly grasped the general trend of national security, engaged in relations among major powers, led the people’s army to calmly respond, firmly grasped the opportunities of military competition, and always controlled the initiative of military struggle. The preparations for military struggle have taken on a new look. Leaders formulate military strategic guidelines for the new era, strengthen the overall guidance of military struggle, focus on winning battles, make in-depth preparations for fighting in all directions and fields, and be vigorous and promising in expanding the depth of active defense strategy, accelerating the military forces to go abroad, and managing new security fields. Command a series of major military operations, effectively resolve possible war risks, earnestly safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, boost national prestige and military prestige, and enhance national self-confidence and pride.

The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army is the latest achievement of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s military guidance theory advancing with the times

The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army made profound strategic thinking on all aspects of national defense and army building, made scientific and long-term strategic plans, and profoundly expounded a series of fundamental issues such as the goal direction, mission, strategic layout, fundamental direction and important path of strengthening the army, forming a scientific theoretical system with rich ideological connotation and profound implications.

Focus on rejuvenating the country and make a new summary of the goals of the people’s army. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army points out that the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era is to build a people’s army that listens to the party’s command, can win battles and has a good work style. It must be consistent with the process of national modernization, and strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century. This profoundly answered the question of what kind of people’s army to build in the new era and laid the "theoretical cornerstone" of the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army in one fell swoop. In the practice of building and managing the army, the general secretary of the supreme leader’s exposition on the goal of strengthening the army has been developing continuously, especially the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made new strategic arrangements for comprehensively promoting national defense and army modernization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to speed up the modernization of national defense and the army, and ensure the realization of the centennial goal of building the army in 2027, which further pointed out where the people’s army will go and where it will develop, and made clear the goal direction for the people’s army to break the waves on a new journey.

Focus on great struggle, keep pace with the times and innovate military strategic guidance. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army profoundly expounds that strengthening the country and the army must be strategic first, and clearly points out that the strategic goal of the party and the country is to achieve the goal of "two hundred years" and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation at present and for a long time to come. Innovative development of military strategic guidance must firmly grasp this fundamental focus, strengthen military strategic operation and improve the level of military strategic guidance. This military strategy is a general plan to take the overall situation into consideration, balance the opponents and win the war. Its spiritual essence is to ensure that the army effectively performs the mission entrusted by the party and the people, and provide strategic support for consolidating the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and socialist system, defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, safeguarding national overseas interests and promoting world peace and development.

Strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army with an eye on the eternal stability of the country. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army emphasizes that the party’s absolute leadership over the army is the foundation of the people’s army and the soul of strengthening the army. It is necessary to comprehensively implement a series of fundamental principles and systems of the party’s leadership over the army to ensure the absolute loyalty, purity and reliability of the army. Adhering to the party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is defined as a basic strategy for upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China regards "upholding the party’s command of guns and ensuring the people’s army’s absolute loyalty to the party and the people" as a remarkable advantage of the national system and the national governance system, and clearly proposes to uphold and improve the party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army. The implementation of the chairman responsibility system in the Central Military Commission is the fundamental form of upholding the party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army. The highest leadership and command of the army belongs to the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, and the national armed forces are under the unified leadership and command of the chairman of the Military Commission. All these are significant theoretical and political contributions, which indicate that Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s basic military system is more mature and stereotyped.

Focus on the overall situation of the cause and creatively optimize the layout of strengthening the army. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army puts the army construction in the overall situation of the party and the state, thinking, planning and scientific deployment. From "deepening the political army building, reforming and strengthening the army, and managing the army according to law" to "persisting in the political army building, reforming and strengthening the army, managing the army according to law" and then "persisting in the political army building, reforming and strengthening the army, strengthening the army through science and technology, strengthening the army with talents and managing the army according to law", the layout of strengthening the army has been continuously expanded and optimized. This layout of strengthening the army is the embodiment of our party’s strategic layout of governing the country and politics in the new era in the military field. It has grasped the strategic key issues supporting the strengthening of the army, defined the fundamental guarantee, key move, powerful motivation, strategic resources and the guarantee of the rule of law for strengthening the army, and set up a four-pillar, eight-pillar and backbone framework for the cause of strengthening the army.

Focus on winning the battle and comprehensively strengthen training and preparation. The inherent characteristic of military guidance theory is to seek and win. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army emphasizes that the army should prepare for war, and must comprehensively improve its ability to prepare for war in the new era, effectively shape the situation, control the crisis, contain the war and win the war. These expositions reveal the fundamental direction of strengthening the army in the new era and constitute the "theoretical core" of the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army. The army is born of war, and the preparation for military struggle is the basic practical activity of the army. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army clearly puts forward the only fundamental standard of firmly establishing combat effectiveness, which requires that the combat effectiveness standard should run through the whole process and all aspects of army building, pay great attention to actual military training, make solid preparations for military struggles in all directions and fields, gather together to build elite combat forces, and carry forward the fighting spirit of not being afraid of hardships and not being afraid of death. These important expositions are of great significance for correcting the center of gravity and direction of army building and development, forming a direction that all minds focus on fighting and all work focuses on fighting hard, and promoting the people’s army to fully leap forward in winning the war.

Focus on enriching the country and strengthening the army, and promote the simultaneous improvement of national defense strength and economic strength. Dealing with the relationship between the coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction is a common topic in the governance of great powers at all times and at all times, including both profound lessons and good experiences. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army integrates national defense and army building into the national economic and social development system, and emphasizes the combination of development and security, economic construction and national defense construction, the unification of enriching the country and strengthening the army, making full use of all superior forces and resources to build an integrated national strategic system and capability. In the new era, the cause of strengthening the military is rooted in the deep soil of the rapid development of the country’s economy and society. With the strong strength of the country’s economy and science and technology, and the majestic strength of the whole society, the modernization of national defense and the military will surely add wings and advance by leaps and bounds.

The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army is a vivid Marxist military theory in the 21st century.

In the new era, which is a special historical period of great changes in the world, great development of the country and great military competition, the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army applies Marxism to observe and reflect China’s military practice, reveals and reflects the objective laws of military activities in the world today, and makes great original contributions to enriching and developing Marxist military theory. This thought not only adheres to the basic viewpoints of Marxism on war and military issues, but also adheres to our party’s consistent guiding ideology and major principles for building and managing the army. It also closely combines the characteristics of the new era and practical development, absorbs the essence of Chinese excellent traditional military culture, draws on the outstanding achievements of world military theory, sublates scientific theories, and forms the achievements of military civilization with China style and China style.

The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army profoundly answered the question of the times when a strong country must strengthen the army. To cope with the great changes in the world in the past century and ensure that China is invincible in the fierce international military competition, it is required that the army must accelerate the transformation from a "big country army" to a "powerful country army." At present, the international strategic pattern is deeply adjusted, and the overall competition and overall contest between countries are more prominent. The more complicated the situation, the better the military skill. At present, national security is facing one kind or another of risk challenges, the possibility of war and chaos at home is real, and the task of safeguarding national unity and social stability is arduous and arduous. We must dare and be good at carrying out great struggles with many new historical characteristics. A strong army is an inherent requirement and an important symbol of a strong country. A strong army is needed to deter and stop the war, and a strong army is needed to provide support for the country’s prosperity and development. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army focused on strengthening the army and put forward many strategic and original ideas, comprehensively and systematically answered the historical and epochal topic of supporting the country with strengthening the army, and opened up a new realm of China-ization of Marxist military theory.

The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army further enriched the party’s military guidance theory treasure house. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s military guidance theory is a scientific summary of the practical experience of China’s revolutionary war, people’s army and national defense construction, and the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the whole party and army. It is in the same strain and keeps pace with the times with the changes of the times and the development of practice. Our party has gone through a hundred years of struggle, and in the course of commanding guns by the party, it has successively formed Marxist military theoretical achievements with China characteristics, such as Mao Zedong’s military thought, Deng Xiaoping’s army building thought in the new period, Jiang Zemin’s national defense and army building thought, and Hu Jintao’s national defense and army building thought. Based on Do not forget your initiative mind’s political consciousness and radical theory, the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army scientifically summarizes the basic experience of our army’s construction and development, profoundly reveals where the people’s army came from and why it went from victory to victory, and at the same time puts forward a series of new ideas, new ideas, new theories and new requirements in response to the needs of the new era, realizing a major breakthrough and innovation in the party’s military guidance theory, and highlighting the political and theoretical inheritance of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in the past 100 years.

The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army shines with the truth of dialectical materialism and historical materialism throughout. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army has a keen insight into the contradictory movements in the military field in the new era, and has made a series of new explanations on the relationship of unity of opposites, such as war and peace, military and politics, development and security, change and new situation, crisis and initiative, preparation and stop of war, deterrence and actual combat, and man and weapons, which profoundly reveals the way to strengthen the army and win in the new era, with broad vision, lofty ideas and vigorous weather, and embodies the basic principles and science of Marxism. The supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army runs through the mission based on far-reaching history, which contains conscious understanding of historical position, firm adherence to revolutionary feelings and determined pursuit of ideal goals, showing the ideological style and lofty realm of contemporary the Communist Party of China (CPC) people; Through the epistemological methodology of grasping the military and building the army around politics, we put the war issue in the realization of the great goal of national rejuvenation, promote national defense and army building as a whole from the overall situation of the party and the state, and guide military actions with the overall situation of national politics, diplomacy, national security and strategy, enriching and developing the Marxist military view of war; Through the revolutionary style of seeking truth from facts and building the army by hard work, the Marxist practical viewpoint and the party’s ideological line of seeking truth from facts are applied to the military field, which sets an example for thoroughly eliminating problems and opening up new prospects for the cause and provides methods and guarantees for turning the blueprint for strengthening the army in the new era into reality; Throughout the sense of urgency of looking to the future and preventing in advance, we are always ready to carry out new great struggles.Fight a well-prepared battle to prevent and resist risks, and fight a strategic initiative to turn danger into opportunity; Through the enterprising spirit of being proactive and determined to develop, it embodies the strategic enterprising view of taking the initiative, the struggle art of sticking to the bottom line and daring to show the sword, and the innovative character of relying on scientific and technological development and progress, and so on. All this is condensed with profound theoretical practicality and distinct strategic foresight, and shows the wisdom and strength of Marxist military theory in the new era.

[The author is a special researcher at the Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of the New Era, the supreme leader of the Central Party School (National School of Administration), and the former executive vice-president of the Central Party School (National School of Administration)]

　　■ Zheng Bingwen
　　
　　The issue of housing provident fund retention and abolition has once again become a hot topic in society. Some people think that the housing provident fund system is unfair, and the housing provident fund has completed its historical mission. In order to reduce the burden on enterprises, it is advocated to abolish the housing provident fund.
　　
　　The author believes that the housing provident fund system still has the value of existence at present and should continue to be retained.
　　
　　Institutional Efficiency and Equity of Housing Provident Fund
　　
　　From the 2018 Annual Report of National Housing Provident Fund published by official website, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, we can have a bird’s eye view of the institutional efficiency and fairness of housing provident fund, and have a general understanding of the system. According to the "annual report" of the provident fund, the institutional efficiency of the provident fund can be summarized into four characteristics, and the institutional fairness can be summarized into four characteristics. First look at the four institutional efficiency characteristics of housing provident fund.
　　
　　First, the benefit rate is relatively high.Since the establishment of the provident fund system, a total of 33.35 million individual housing loans (including two sets of loans with more than two times) have been issued, of which one third are dual employees, and a total of about 55 million people have benefited. Among the 144 million paid-in employees, 38% have successfully become housing lenders. The essence of the housing provident fund system is a mutual aid system. As a mutual aid system, 38% of its members can benefit, which is not low.
　　
　　Second, the mortgage level is appropriate and effective.In 2018, 2.53 million individual housing loans were issued, with an amount of 1.02 trillion yuan. On average, each mortgage was about 400,000 yuan. Paying down payment in second-and third-tier cities can basically solve the loan, and there is no need to combine commercial loans.
　　
　　Third, reduce the heavy interest burden for employees.The interest rate of provident fund loans is low, 3.25% for more than five years, which is 1.65&mdash lower than the benchmark interest rate of commercial individual housing loans; 2 percentage points. The mortgage issued in 2018 can save interest expenses of 202 billion yuan for loan employees, and the average loan can save interest expenses of 80,000 yuan if calculated in 10 years. For more than 20 years, the provident fund system has reduced the interest burden of trillions of yuan for employees, which is the vitality of the provident fund system.
　　
　　Fourth, the administrative cost comes entirely from the extracted management fee.There are 342 provident fund management centers in China with 3,439 service outlets, and there are 44,000 employees in the country, 40% of whom are non-employees. In 2018, the management fee was 11.7 billion yuan, and the comprehensive management cost per 100 million yuan of assets was 210,000 yuan, including salaries and bonuses of all employees, office space, office equipment and official expenses. The whole provident fund system is a self-supporting system. In the national contributory welfare system, such as the social insurance system and even the National Social Security Fund Council, all its operating and management costs (staff salaries and office equipment, etc.) come from financial funds, while the management costs of the housing provident fund system are completely self-digested, which is very rare in China’s current contributory welfare system.
　　
　　Let’s take a look at the four institutional fairness characteristics of the housing provident fund from the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund.
　　
　　First, the coverage has gradually expanded.By 2018, the number of employees paid into the provident fund was 144 million, which is a large coverage in China’s contributory welfare system. For example, in a comparable social insurance system, except for medical care and old-age care, unemployment insurance covers 196 million people and maternity insurance covers 204 million people, and they are more compulsory than housing provident fund. Other payment systems cover a small number of people, for example, enterprise annuities cover less than 24 million people.
　　
　　Second, the structure of paid employees is dominated by formal sector employment.Among the 144 million employees, 31% are from government agencies and institutions, 20% from state-owned enterprises, 31% from private enterprises and 8% from foreign capital, and the remaining 10% are non-governmental, collective enterprises and other types of units. There are narrow and broad definitions of formal sector employment in China. The narrow definition refers to urban corporate institutions and urban collective units, which employ 170 million people. In a broad sense, we should also add 140 million urban private employees, that is, employees of private enterprises whose business address is located above Chengguan Town in the county. Unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and provident fund mainly cover employees in the formal sector in a narrow sense.
　　
　　Third, the system is very transparent.The information disclosure and transparency of the housing provident fund system have always been better. In 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the People’s Bank of China jointly issued the Notice on Improving the Information Disclosure System of Housing Provident Fund (J.J. [2015] No.26). In addition, the Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund jointly released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank to the whole society every year has complete information and is very transparent. For example, the proportion of paid employees according to the nature of the unit (civil servants, institutions, state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, etc.), the withdrawal of provident fund by type (reasons for withdrawal, number of people, proportional amount), various types of loans (housing type, area, number of units, etc.), pilot loans to support the construction of affordable housing, business revenue and expenditure and value-added income, distribution of housing loans and value-added income in various provinces, asset risk, etc.
　　
　　Fourthly, housing provident fund, as a mutual fund, has played three spillover effects on housing construction in China.One is to occupy a place in the housing market. For example, in 2018, the housing consumption category of housing provident fund, personal housing loans and discount loans for public developers totaled 2.2 trillion yuan (including nearly half of the repayment of loan principal and interest), accounting for 17% of the national commercial housing sales and 16% in the personal housing loan market. Another example is to support loan workers to purchase and build housing area of 287 million square meters, accounting for 19% of the national commercial housing sales area. Second, it plays an obvious role in the rental market and housing repair market. The provident fund has provided support to employees who have no need to buy a house for the time being in their needs of renting and repairing houses. The withdrawal amount of 7.66 million rented employees has reached 73 billion yuan, and the per capita annual withdrawal amount is 10,000 yuan. Third, it plays a huge role in the construction of affordable housing. The housing provident fund provides loan support for affordable housing construction projects. By the end of 2018, a total of 87.215 billion yuan of loans had been issued to 373 pilot projects for affordable housing construction. In addition, the value-added income of some housing accumulation funds also provided supplementary funds for the construction of urban public rental housing (low-rent housing), and a total of 336.5 billion yuan was withdrawn from the construction of public rental housing. For another example, the Beijing Housing Provident Fund has so far issued 36 project loans with a loan amount of 20.1 billion yuan and a construction area of 940,000 square meters, potentially solving the housing difficulties of low-and middle-income workers’ families by more than 90,000 households.
　　
　　The mission of housing provident fund is not completely over.
　　
　　From the perspectives of efficiency and fairness, the above-mentioned provident fund system has performed well in many contributory welfare systems, at least not very badly, which has played a role in the transformation of housing system and solving the housing difficulties of employees. In the coming period, the historical mission of housing provident fund has not yet ended, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
　　
　　First, from the demand side, housing provident fund can also play a certain role.In the third-and fourth-tier cities, the role of alleviating housing difficulties for working-class people is very obvious. The most convincing is the mortgage rate, that is, the ratio of the balance of personal housing loans to the balance of housing provident fund deposits at the end of the year. For example, most provinces in the central and western regions have mortgage rates of 70% to 80%, and only Xizang (68%), Qinghai (69%) and Xinjiang Construction Corps (38%) are below 70%. Almost all first-and second-tier cities are above 85%, for example, Beijing is 95%, Shanghai is 96%, Tianjin is almost 100%, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and Guizhou are above 95%. What’s important is that the housing prices in first-and second-tier cities are high, and the employees employed by government agencies and institutions every year are under great pressure to buy houses. These groups are all admitted through the "national examination", and they undertake the function of running the state machine. In the front line of scientific research and teaching, the marginal utility of housing provident fund is the highest, and in second-and third-tier cities, they can completely rely on provident fund to solve the problem of buying houses. If the provident fund is abolished, it means that there are great obstacles for the central ministries or some departments to recruit outstanding talents.
　　
　　Second, from the pattern of initial income distribution in China, retaining the provident fund can increase the share of labor income.As we all know, the share of labor income is too low in China’s primary income distribution pattern. Since the reform and opening up, the index of labor income share has fluctuated, from over 60% in the 1990s to below 50% before the international financial crisis in 2008, and then it has rebounded. It has improved in the past 10 years, but it is 15 to 20 percentage points lower than developed countries on average, and even lower than some developing countries.
　　
　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "Adhere to the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity". The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era just released on May 18, 2020 once again pointed out: "Increase the labor remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, realize the simultaneous growth of residents’ income while economic growth, and realize the simultaneous increase of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity."
　　
　　From the perspective of implementing the central spirit, the provident fund system is a good thing. The idea of canceling the provident fund is mainly for the sake of reducing the burden on enterprises, and the starting point is also good, but the crux of the problem lies in the fact that the focus should be on reducing taxes and social security premiums. China’s tax revenue mainly comes from indirect taxes, and direct taxes only account for about 10%. In the long run, we should gradually focus on direct taxes, but if the share of labor income is always too low, it will always be empty talk.
　　
　　Third, from the perspective of employees’ sense of acquisition, the effect of provident fund is very obvious.When they paid the provident fund, the people never complained that the base was too high and the proportion was too high. They complained that the social security premium rate and base were too high. The phenomenon of "evasion" of social security for ordinary people and enterprises is very serious, while almost no one and enterprises "evade" the provident fund! Why? Because the "tax wedge" of the provident fund is "zero", 100% of it becomes the disposable income of employees and their families, and its private attribute is very obvious. Excluding the provident fund, the tax wedge of social security contributions (including payroll tax) in China is as high as 30.81%, which is exactly equal to the average of OECD countries. In contrast, the tax wedge of Denmark, a Nordic welfare country, is only 30.99%, which is only a little higher than that of China. There are many developed countries with lower tax wedge than ours, such as Japan (29.64%), Australia (26.96%), Britain (26.51%), Luxembourg (26.29%), Ireland (24.66%), Canada (24.12%) and the United States (23.95%).
　　
　　Importantly, in the social security payment of individuals and enterprises, the tax wedge of enterprise payment is as high as 19.22%, and the tax wedge of individual payment and individual tax is 6.41% and 5.19% respectively. That is to say, in the structure of tax wedge, the social security payment of enterprises accounts for as high as 62.36% (individual payment is 20.79%, individual tax is 16.85%). Such a large tax wedge, with Of course, enterprises can evade fees "justifiably". Employees don’t get benefits, and they don’t have a sense of gain. Of course, they are willing to "cooperate" with enterprises to evade fees. Therefore, it is an unspoken rule that employees and enterprises "evade" social security fees together, and it is the social security system that ultimately "suffers". This is the main reason why paying provident fund is more popular than paying social security fees.
　　
　　Fourth, the low-and middle-income borrowers of the provident fund account for 95%, which is especially popular in poor areas.One of the main reasons for advocating the abolition of provident fund is that the system is unfair and the poor subsidize the rich. Of the 2.53 million mortgages of 1 trillion yuan issued in 2018, 95% were low-and middle-income borrowers, and high-income earners only accounted for 5%. According to the 2018 Annual Report of the National Housing Provident Fund, the low-middle income here means that the income is 3 times lower than the average wage of the local society last year, and the high income means that the income is 3 times higher than the average wage of the local society last year (inclusive). Look at age and housing purchase: 76% of borrowers are under 40 years old, 89% buy a building area of less than 144 square meters, and the first set accounts for 85%. Obviously, the above data show that buyers are basically just in need, and the provident fund system really provides protection and support for low-and middle-income groups to buy houses.
　　
　　Let’s use the deposit base of several typical poverty-stricken areas in 2017 to see their attitudes and behaviors towards the provident fund (the data are all from their housing provident fund report released in official website): the deposit base of Dingxi in Gansu is 101% of its social average wage, Baise in Guangxi is 110% of its social average wage, and Zhangye in Gansu has the highest actual deposit base, which is 113% of its social average wage. This shows that the deposit base of employees in poverty-stricken areas is very "real", even exceeding the local social wage, because they have benefited.
　　
　　Fifth, the number of employees who have paid in is increasing, especially in private enterprises.Let’s look at the fairness between "within the system" and "outside the system". In real life, this pair of concepts can be understood in two ways. One means that institutions and state-owned enterprises are regarded as "within the system", while others are regarded as "outside the system". Among the 144 million paid-in employees, there are 44.52 million in government institutions and 29.28 million in state-owned enterprises, totaling 73.8 million, which shows that the number of paid-in employees in the "system" is basically in a "saturated" state; Another understanding is that "within the system" refers to the formal employment sector, "outside the system" refers to the informal employment sector, and the formal employment sector has broad and narrow meanings. With government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises basically saturated, private enterprises will become the main force to participate in the provident fund at present and in the future. For example, in 2018, there were 19.9 million new accounts opened in the provident fund, of which private enterprises accounted for 50% (9.94 million), which shows that the proportion of private enterprises will gradually increase in the process of expanding coverage in the future. In the formal employment group, it is unfair to employees who have not participated in the provident fund, but the expansion of coverage needs a process. The state has issued documents many times to expand the coverage of the provident fund, which requires the joint efforts of employers, employees and the whole society, and the coverage of social insurance has also gone through such a process. For example,The basic old-age insurance for employees of urban enterprises covered only 136 million people 20 years ago, and reached 967 million in 2019. However, if the provident fund is abolished, the employees who have not joined and those who have joined will lose their opportunities forever. As long as this system exists, opportunities will exist.
　　
　　Main problems and reform suggestions of housing provident fund system
　　
　　The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economic System in the New Era, which was just released on March 18th, 2020, pointed out: "Reform the housing provident fund system".
　　
　　The author believes that this is the most authoritative and latest tone of the central government on housing provident fund, and its attitude is very clear, that is "reform", not "cancellation", and I fully agree with it. Since the central government’s attitude is still clear, if we want to reform, we should first make clear what the problems are in the provident fund, and then discuss what the solution is, not whether to cancel it, but whether to reform it. There may be many problems with the provident fund, for example, whether older employees who have no need to buy houses have the right to quit, whether individual employees have the right to choose the proportion of contributions within the upper limit, and so on.
　　
　　However, there have been two biggest problems with the housing provident fund: First, the investment method is single and the rate of return is too low. For example, the value-added rate of return in 2018 is only 1.56%; The direct result of the low value-added rate of return is that the deposit interest paid by employees is too low, and the interest is only calculated at 1.5%. If calculated according to the market-oriented investment rate of return, the loss is huge. Take the balance of 802.3 billion yuan in 2018 as an example. If it is entrusted to the National Social Security Fund Council for investment and the rate of return is assumed to be 6%, the interest income this year will be as high as 28 billion. Therefore, after more than 20 years, the interest loss will be several hundred billion yuan. For individual employees, the interest rate of 1.5% is far from outperforming the inflation rate, and the risk of depreciation is very obvious. The funds deposited in the account are shrinking every year; The interest rate of 1.5% is at least 10 percentage points lower than the social average wage growth rate, resulting in "welfare loss" doubling every few years. In the past 22 years, the unit proportional payment is almost equivalent to "nothing". In the past 22 years, the wage growth rate and population growth rate have exceeded 14%, which is called "biological rate of return" and "internal rate of return" (we can roughly understand it as actual purchasing power). Minus the interest-bearing level of 1.5%, the annual "welfare loss" will be at least 12%. After 22 years, the welfare loss of employees will be astronomical.From the perspective of the whole society, this is a huge loss of social welfare and a "transfer" of social wealth. The second problem is that the surplus funds can’t be used in the whole country between the areas with low overall planning level and high loan ratio (for example, 99.5% in Tianjin) and the areas with low loan ratio (for example, 78% in Qinghai). From the perspective of the whole society, the low level of fund management and regional separatism reduce the efficiency of "mutual assistance" of surplus funds.
　　
　　In view of the above analysis, there are problems in the provident fund system, but we should not give up eating because of choking. We should solve the problems in the provident fund as soon as possible, and we should not turn a blind eye to them. Otherwise, we will be irresponsible to the paid employees. From a certain point of view, we will "fatten" the state-owned banks with low-priced and high-quality assets. Since some scholars have put forward a motion to cancel the provident fund, policy makers should act as soon as possible with a sense of urgency and a high sense of responsibility for the people’s interests, so as not to let a good livelihood system become a "soft rib" for a long time. In order to get rid of the above two main disadvantages, the author puts forward four reform ideas or four reform options.
　　
　　First, expand the function and optimize the structure without changing the nature of the current administrative institution of the housing provident fund center.This is an improved scheme, the easiest and most convenient scheme, and the existing system and mechanism will not be changed. The areas of "improvement" include: in the investment system, we can adopt the mode that the basic old-age insurance fund for urban workers entrusts the National Social Security Fund Council to invest, and the provinces sign contracts with the National Social Security Fund Council respectively and agree on specific matters such as investment return rate, and all the real investment income is distributed to the paid employees as interest. In terms of business scope, provident fund centers in first-and second-tier cities are allowed to use value-added income and other funds to directly invest in and hold rental housing, and support paid employees to solve housing problems through leasing; Expand the coverage of deposits to cover urban migrant workers and even freelancers; At the level of overall planning, it will be promoted to national overall planning, and the mutual integration of funds between cities will be strengthened. Deposited employees can continue to deposit in different places, extract and use in different places, and lend; Establish a new loan allocation mechanism in the use of extraction, tilt towards low-and middle-income groups, and increase support for rental housing; Improve the efficiency in the operation mechanism and simplify the procedures for extraction and use; Strengthen the publicity according to law in supervision and regularly disclose information.
　　
　　Second, the national housing provident fund management company, a policy-based non-bank financial institution with independent legal person, was reorganized and established (the idea of "Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac" in the United States).The national housing provident fund management company issues bonds and securities in the capital market with national credit, expands the fund pool, and provides liquidity support and policy guarantee for ordinary people to use the housing provident fund; In terms of the use of funds, the National Housing Provident Fund Management Company does not directly issue loans, but supports the basic housing needs of paid employees by providing low-interest and long-term credit guarantees for paid employees. After being guaranteed by the provident fund management company, paid employees can choose any provident fund center and commercial bank to obtain loans. This method can promote the competition between provident fund centers and commercial banks, and improve the efficiency and service level of housing loans for paid employees. At the same time, the national housing provident fund management company provides funds for the provident fund centers and commercial banks by purchasing their mortgage assets in bulk. In the first-and second-tier cities with high housing prices, we will support the construction and operation of rental housing through loans or direct investment, and promote "both rent and purchase". Establish a national overall planning mechanism and a national housing provident fund fund fund management platform to realize national deposit and withdrawal and interbank lending; In terms of operation mechanism and supervision mechanism, it operates in the way of corporate governance structure of financial institutions and accepts supervision.
　　
　　Thirdly, the policy-oriented National Housing Bank was reorganized and established (the idea of China Postal Savings Bank).Based on the model of housing savings banks in developed countries, the national provident fund center will be reorganized into a unified national independent legal person financial institution, and the provincial and municipal provident fund centers will be reorganized into branches of the National Housing Bank, and bonds and securities will be issued in the capital market with national credit; Carry out policy-based housing savings business, establish a differential credit mechanism, and provide more favorable housing financial support to low-and middle-income groups, which can be deposited and connected in different places, and used and loaned in different places; Issue project loans to rental housing construction. In the operation mechanism, it operates according to the corporate governance structure of modern financial institutions, and establishes an incentive mechanism to promote efficiency and risk control; According to the regulatory mechanism of policy finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is responsible for the formulation and supervision of housing policy rules, while the central bank and the China Banking Regulatory Commission are responsible for the formulation and supervision of banking regulatory rules.
　　
　　Fourth, merge with enterprise annuity and integrate it into a comprehensive provident fund system (the idea of Singapore Central Provident Fund).Considering the aging trend, following the principle of life cycle, taking into account the capital needs of urban residents in housing and pension, a unified personal provident fund account will be established throughout the country. According to the housing and pension, two sub-accounts are set up. The housing account implements "low deposit and low loan", and the funds in the housing account can be extracted for renting or buying housing. When employees have no provident fund loans or housing consumption needs, the funds in the housing account are transferred to the pension account. Set up a policy-based non-bank financial institution to be responsible for the investment and operation of the comprehensive provident fund pool, and play the dual role of the current housing provident fund and enterprise annuity.
　　
　　(The author is a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences)
　　
　　

Body double Paper Man 2 is directed by Xu Jun. Liu Mingliang, Xu Jun, Yiya and Gao Wuxiang are screenwriters, and He Yuchen, Ren Zihao, Shan Mingkai, Zhang Yutong, Liu Shuo and Tian Feng lead the thriller, suspense and horror film. The film tells the story of the bizarre death of Wu Dade, a rich gentleman in wujia town, during the Republic of China, and the Wu family courtyard began to suffer bizarre tragedies frequently. The tomb was invaded by strange snakes, but the two sons were frightened by the neon mulberry in their dreams. The youngest daughter Wu Yue mediated among them, and even the housekeeper Lin Chuyi was harassed by the strange actor neon mulberry. With the development of many strange and scary events, the human nature, good and evil and ugliness of the Wu family courtyard will be vividly displayed. The film is expected to land in the national cinema to meet the audience on May 18th, 2024.

The film tells the story of the sudden death of the rich gentry, the children fighting for money, the Wu family courtyard, and frequent mysterious cases!

During the Republic of China, Wu Dade, a rich gentleman in wujia town, suddenly died suddenly at home. Wu Shengcai, the eldest son, and Wu Youdao, the second son, began to compete for family property, and the younger daughter was among them. Because of Wu Dade’s strange and ominous death, the Wu family chose to go to the funeral in the middle of the night, but unexpectedly, the tomb had already been invaded by snakes. The third daughter also saw the infiltration scene of "female ghosts pressing coffins", but at the suggestion of the housekeeper Lin Chuyi, she chose acupoints again and was buried on the seventh day.

But on the seventh day, the Wu compound began to be weird frequently, and one by one, the infiltration and terror incidents occurred one after another. The second son, Wu Youdao, had a dream of encountering a neon mulberry. The eldest son, Wu Shengcai, bumped into his father’s death and came back to life, and was troubled by the terrible love love love. The housekeeper Lin Chuyi was hit by a ghost and woke up to be trapped in Wu Dade’s coffin and went crazy. ……

The snowy night is silent, ghosts are prominent, and paper men drift above the mourning hall. Whether it’s an ulterior motive, or a death wish. Terror, terror and infiltration have always shrouded in the Wu compound, which has become a "haunted house" …

He Yuchen (played by Wu Yue), Ren Zihao (played by Wu Youdao), Shan Mingkai (played by Wu Shengcai), Liu Shuo (played by Lin Chuyi), Tian Feng (played by Wu Dade), Zhang Yutong (played by Nisang female ghost) and many other actors joined in the film.

The film was produced by Zhejiang Liangxiao Wucai Film Co., Ltd., jointly produced by Beijing Qitou Group Co., Ltd., Beijing Liangxiao Wucai Century Film Co., Ltd. and Beijing Weiying Capital Management Co., Ltd., and specially sponsored by Yu Zhangmen and Liu Xiaoli. Ye Jiao, Xu Dongbo, Zhang Zhiyue, Song Ling and Gan Lifeng are the producers. Ye Jiao is the chief producer, Zhang Zhiyue and Huang Jiaxuan are producers, Zhu Ziwen, Niu Xinyun and An Yalong are executive producers, and Li Pengfei is the production director. Xu Jun is the general director, co-director, screenwriter Liu Mingliang, Xu Jun, Yiyi and Gao Wuxiang, executive director Li Xiaobo, photography director Li Jun and Aring Zhang, lighting director Li Fei and production designer Liu Ruifeng, modeling director Li Jing, later director Tu Chenjun, recording director Zhang Lin, actor coordinator Gao Henan and live producer Xiao Xizi. The film was filmed in Hengdian, China Film and Television City, and will land in the national cinema to meet the audience on May 18th next year.

The film was surveyed many times in Hengdian Film and Television City of China and finally filmed. Xu Jun, the early director, led the screenwriter team to carefully construct, polish and perfect the whole story. During the reading period, the main actors and the creative team conducted in-depth study and discussion on the script for many times and made amendments to ensure that the plot was promoted reasonably and the roles were three-dimensional. The director has conducted many technical discussions and studies with the creative departments such as modeling, photography, lighting and post-production, striving to improve the story and texture of the film. The film involves a lot of thrillers, suspense and horror scenes, all of which are carefully completed by the staff of various departments with concerted efforts. Build this sentimental film with more wonderful stories and the most textured pictures.