On the evening of July 31st, a number of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets issued announcements for investors’ reference:

　　Major events > > >

　　Tengda Technology: Up to now, the company has not directly supplied commercial aerospace customers.

　　8 Lianban () announced the serious abnormal fluctuation of stock trading. The company’s main business is the research and development, production and sales of stainless steel fasteners such as bolts, nuts, screws and washers. Fasteners are the general name of components used to connect and fasten various parts, which have a wide range of applications and are called "the rice of industry". From the perspective of sales model, the company currently adopts the method of selling mainly through traders and directly to end users as a supplement. Up to now, the company has no direct supply to commercial aerospace customers.

　　ST Dima: The closing price for 20 consecutive trading days was lower than that of 1 yuan stock.

　　() Announcement, the daily closing price of the company’s shares was lower than that of 1 yuan for 20 consecutive trading days, which triggered the termination of listing conditions. The stock will be delisted on August 7, 2024, and then transferred to the stock transfer system.

　　Tonghua dongbao: The first patient administration was completed in the phase III clinical trial of Smegliptide Injection in China.

　　() Announcement: In May, the company signed the Commercial Authorization and MAH Cooperation Agreement with Beijing Peptide Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. on GLP-1 product Smegliptide Injection. According to the agreement, the company will obtain the exclusive commercial rights of ZT001 Smegliptide Injection (indication: adult type 2 diabetes, current name: THDB0225 Injection), a peptide biological clinical research product, in Chinese mainland, and the right to jointly develop overseas markets. The cooperative product has completed Phase I clinical trial in Chinese mainland, and tonghua dongbao has started Phase III clinical trial in China, and recently successfully completed the first patient administration.

　　Haitong Securities: Jiang Chengjun applied to resign as the deputy general manager of the company for personal reasons.

　　Haitong Securities announced that the board of directors of the company received Jiang Chengjun’s resignation report, and he applied to resign as the deputy general manager of the company for personal reasons. After his resignation, he will no longer hold any position in the company. The resignation report shall take effect as of the date it is delivered to the board of directors of the company.

　　Huafa shares: the stock property under the name of a subsidiary was transferred to Zhuhai Anju Group at a transfer price of 266 million yuan.

　　() Announcement: Zhuhai Huafa Asset Management Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary, intends to transfer the existing property under the name of Huaben Company to Zhuhai Anju Group by transferring 100% equity of its wholly-owned subsidiary Huaben Company at a transfer price of RMB 265,562,900.

　　Tasly: the controlling shareholder plans the share transfer, and the stock is suspended.

　　() Announcement that the controlling shareholder Tasly Industrial Group is planning the share transfer, which may lead to the change of the company’s control rights. The company’s shares have been suspended since the market opened on the morning of August 1, 2024. It is estimated that the suspension time will not exceed two trading days. During the suspension period, the company will fulfill its information disclosure obligations according to the progress of the matter and determine whether to carry out the above major matters as soon as possible. Investors are requested to pay attention to the follow-up announcement and pay attention to investment risks.

　　Rice Information: The transfer price of this inquiry is 46.68 yuan/share.

　　Rice information announcement, according to the inquiry and subscription on July 30, the initial transfer price of this inquiry is 46.68 yuan/share. The shares to be transferred in this inquiry have been fully subscribed, and it is preliminarily determined that the transferee is 10 institutional investors, with a total of 1.63 million shares to be transferred.

　　4 Lianban Qitian Technology: At present, the company’s operating conditions are normal, and the internal and external operating environment has not changed significantly.

　　4 Lianban () announced the abnormal fluctuation and serious abnormal fluctuation of stock trading, and the deviation of the closing price of the company’s stock trading price for two consecutive trading days (July 30, 2024 and July 31, 2024) accumulated more than 30%, which belongs to the abnormal fluctuation of stock trading. The company’s stock trading price has deviated by more than 100% at the closing price for four consecutive trading days (from July 26, 2024 to July 31, 2024), which is a serious abnormal fluctuation of stock trading. After verification, the company’s current operating conditions are normal, and the internal and external operating environment has not changed significantly. At present, the company and major shareholders do not have any important matters that should be disclosed but not disclosed, or are in the planning stage.

　　Aerospace Morning Light: The proportion of product income applied in commercial aerospace field is relatively small.

　　() Issue a stock trading risk warning announcement. The company’s main business involves intelligent manufacturing, nuclear engineering equipment, logistics support, flexible pipe fittings, environmental protection equipment, pressure vessels and other sectors. Its products are mainly used in petrochemical industry, water conservancy and hydropower, nuclear power, sanitation, energy equipment and other fields. The company’s products used in the commercial aerospace field are mainly metal hoses used to ensure the launch mission. In 2023, the revenue of this part was about 27 million yuan, accounting for a relatively small proportion. The company’s income structure will not change significantly in the short term.

　　Eft: It is planned to invest no more than 1.9 billion yuan to build a robot super factory.

　　Eft announced that the company plans to invest in the construction of Eft Robot Super Factory and Global Headquarters Project in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. It is estimated that the total investment will not exceed 1.9 billion yuan, and the sources of funds are self-owned funds and self-raised funds. The project will be built in two phases, with an annual output of 50,000 high-performance industrial robots after the completion of the first phase and 100,000 after the completion of the second phase.

　　Beiba Media: Tianjiao Company’s operating income is relatively small, which will not have a significant impact on the company’s business activities in the short term.

　　() Announcement of changes was issued, and the company was concerned that the concept of automobile disassembly was highly concerned by the market recently. The business scope of Beijing Tianjiao Scrap Car Recycling Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Tianjiao Company"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, includes automobile dismantling business. Tianjiao Company’s annual operating income in 2023 was 41.521 million yuan, accounting for 0.86% of the company’s consolidated operating income, and its operating income accounted for a relatively small proportion. At present, Tianjiao Company’s production and operation are normal, which will not have a significant impact on the company’s business activities in the short term. Investors are advised to pay attention to the transaction risks in the secondary market and invest cautiously and rationally.

　　Performance > > >

　　Yaxiang Integration: Net profit in the first half of the year increased by 219.92% year-on-year to 237 million yuan.

　　() The semi-annual report for 2024 was released. During the reporting period, the company realized an operating income of 2.85 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 206.06%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 237 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 219.92%. During the reporting period, its main business was to provide clean room engineering, process secondary distribution engineering and construction engineering services for the construction projects of IC semiconductors, optoelectronics and other high-tech electronic industries, including clean workshop construction planning, design suggestions, equipment configuration, clean room environmental system integration engineering and maintenance services.

　　Dexin Technology: Net profit in the first half of the year decreased by 94.40% year-on-year.

　　() Announcement, the company’s 2024 semi-annual report shows that the operating income during the reporting period was 132 million yuan, down 66.86% year-on-year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 7,785,600 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 94.40%.

　　Car home: The net income in the second quarter of 2024 was 18.73 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.2%.

　　Car home announced that the net income in the second quarter of 2024 was 18.73 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.2%. The net profit of returning to the mother was 510 million yuan, compared with 491 million yuan in the same period last year. Wu Tao, CEO of the company, said that in the second quarter, the performance was stable, the user traffic increased significantly, and the innovative business made progress. According to QuestMobile data, in June 2024, the average daily number of mobile users increased by 8.3% year-on-year, reaching 67.91 million. The company launched the "Satellite Plan" in May, and set up satellite stores in low-tier cities with flagship stores as the core to further expand the market. Zeng Yan, CFO, added that innovative business led to strong growth of data products and new energy business, and quarterly revenue achieved double-digit year-on-year growth.

　　Walter Dyne: The net profit in the first half of the year increased by 3.12% year-on-year. It is planned to send 10 5 yuan.

　　() Announcement, the company achieved operating income of 1.154 billion yuan in the first half of the year, up by 0.10% year-on-year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 332 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.12%. The company decided to distribute cash bonus 5 yuan (including tax) to all shareholders for every 10 shares.

　　Lihua shares: the net profit in the first half of the year was 575 million yuan, turning losses from the same period last year.

　　() Announcement, the company achieved an operating income of 7.805 billion yuan in the first half of 2024, a year-on-year increase of 12.16%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 575 million yuan, a year-on-year loss. The company’s performance improved in the first half of the year, mainly benefiting from the growth of its main business and cost control.

　　Bao Lijia: The net profit loss in the first half of the year was 23,679,100 yuan, which turned into a year-on-year loss.

　　() Announcement, the company’s operating income in the first half of 2024 was 1.119 billion yuan, down 6.22% year-on-year; The net loss attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 23,679,100 yuan, compared with a net profit of 1,830,000 yuan in the same period last year.

　　Bank of Nanjing: Net profit increased by 8.51% in the first half of the year.

　　() Announcement: In the first half of 2024, the company achieved an operating income of 26.216 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.87%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was 11.594 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.51%. The quality of assets continued to be optimized, the non-performing loan ratio dropped to 0.83%, and the provision coverage ratio was 345.02%. The capital adequacy ratio and other major indicators remained stable, with the capital profit rate of 15.96% and that of return on total assets 0.97%.

　　Guangzhou Port: The estimated container throughput from January to July is 14.426 million TEUs, up 6.5% year-on-year.

　　() Announcement: In July, the company expects to complete the container throughput of 2.19 million TEUs, up 6.4% year-on-year; It is estimated that the cargo throughput will be 47.925 million tons, up 5.9% year-on-year. From January to July, 2024, the company expects to complete the container throughput of 14.426 million TEUs, up 6.5% year-on-year; It is estimated that the cargo throughput will be 326.618 million tons, up 2.3% year-on-year.

　　Increase or decrease holding > > >

　　Cambridge Technology: Shareholders CIG Cayman and Kangling Technology intend to reduce their holdings by no more than 2%.

　　() Announcement: Cambridge Industries Company Limited ("CIG Cayman"), the controlling shareholder of the company holding 15.06% of the shares, and Shanghai Kangling Technology Partnership (Limited Partnership), the shareholder holding 3.36% of the shares, plan to reduce the company’s shares by block trading and centralized bidding trading, with a total number of no more than 5,360,800 shares, accounting for 2% of the total shares of the company.

　　Marubi shares: Sun Huaiqing, the controlling shareholder, intends to reduce its shareholding by no more than 3%.

　　() Announcement: Sun Huaiqing, the controlling shareholder, intends to reduce his holdings by no more than 12,030,000 shares, which does not exceed 3% of the company’s total share capital.

　　Zhan Peng Science and Technology: Shareholder Xi Fang intends to reduce his holdings by no more than 1%.

　　() Announcement, shareholder Xi Fang intends to reduce his holdings by no more than 1%.

　　Ling Gang shares: The controlling shareholder intends to increase the company’s shares by no more than 2%.

　　() Announcement: On July 31, 2024, Ling Gang Group, the controlling shareholder of the company, increased its holding of 3,395,900 shares of the company through centralized bidding, with an increase ratio of 0.12%. Ling Gang Group plans to increase its holdings of A-shares within 12 months from July 29th, 2024 through centralized bidding, with the upper limit of 80 million yuan and the lower limit of 40 million yuan. During the above-mentioned period, the total proportion of Ling Gang Group’s shareholding in the company shall not exceed 2% of the company’s total share capital.

　　Repurchase > > >

　　Zuoli Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: It plans to buy back its shares at a price of 200 million to 300 million yuan.

　　() Announcement, the company plans to use its own funds to buy back some A-share shares by centralized competitive bidding. The total amount of repurchase funds is not less than 200 million yuan and not more than 300 million yuan, and the repurchase price is not more than 20 yuan/share. It is estimated that the number of repurchased shares is about 10 million to 15 million shares, accounting for 1.43% to 2.14% of the company’s total issued share capital.

　　At the end of January 2008, the Yanzhaomen incident broke out, and nude photos of Edison Chen, Gillian (Zhong Xintong) and Cecilia Cheung were exposed. Edison Chen, Gillian, and Cecilia Cheung all responded to this storm by quitting the entertainment circle, and they all came back in unison. Now, Edison Chen has a stable relationship with the girlfriend of the shop assistant but denies the marriage news. Gillian broke up with her Korean boyfriend, and Cecilia Cheung took care of her two sons alone. During these five years, what kind of life did they live under the shadow of this storm?

　　Edison Chen: There is little hope of filming, focusing on the tide shop business.

　　2 years in exile, 1 movie was changed.

　　At the beginning of the pornographic photo gate, the original movie "Jump Out" starring Edison Chen was completely deleted, and the movie was re-filmed, starring Leon Jay Williams. On February 21st, 2008, Edison Chen apologized to the injured actress and the public for the Yanzhaomen incident, and announced that she would "quit the entertainment circle indefinitely". On March 17, 2010, he announced his official comeback, which caused a buzz among netizens. In fact, as early as 2009, when he was interviewed by CNN, he explained the word "indefinite" like this: "This can be interpreted as 5 minutes, or it can refer to 2000. I never said forever. "

Edison Chen conference said that he would quit the entertainment circle indefinitely.

　　2 identity 8 jiachao branch

　　Shoppers: In 2003, Edison Chen, who had just entered the entertainment circle, founded his own original brand CLOT and related groups. This may have been an unintentional move at that time, but it became an important source of support for his livelihood after the Yanzhaomen incident. CEO: In 2007, Edison Chen established the multimedia company CMD and served as CEO. This company not only operates some trendy creative activities, but also works as a record broker. Besides Edison Chen himself, its artists include the influential farmer group in Cantonese hip-hop (who left in 2010) and He Chaoyi, the artist’s daughter of gambling king Stanley Ho. During the two years of exile in Edison Chen, this company has produced records for them.

　　In the days away from the entertainment circle, Edison Chen put all her energy into running a trendy shop. His original brand CLOT has five stores. In addition to direct stores, he also cooperated with other brands to establish United Tide Store, including two trendy stores in Taipei and Shanghai with Disney and one in Taipei with American Tide Brand.

　　At least 7 acupoints and 9 endorsements

　　Because of Edison Chen’s status as a pioneer in fashion and the owner of original fashion brands, there are still a few big brands looking for him as their endorsements, including Japanese fashion brands and sports brands. As for brand endorsements such as perfume, watches and computers, they are also well-known brands. The only exception is that he endorsed a mainland company last year, and the advertisement that was just put on the shelves was removed.

　　When the public became more and more accustomed to Edison Chen’s appearance in the news pages, he began to sing many times in the mainland, and most of the places where he performed were bars. In addition, he sang hip-hop songs at the Shanghai Hot Wave Music Festival in 2011, the Chengdu Daai Music Festival in 2012 and the Shanghai concert sponsored by the brand.

　　2 genuine girlfriends, at least 7 gossip girlfriends.

Edison Chen and his current girlfriend Hong Wenan.

　　His real girlfriend was Yang Yongqing, the niece of Yang Shoucheng, the emperor’s boss, and she had an affair with Edison Chen in 2006. When the scandal broke out in 2008, Yang Yongqing, who was seven years younger than Edison Chen, was studying in the United States. Although her nude photos were exposed due to the incident, she still chose to stay with Edison Chen for the next three years, but she could not escape the fate of breaking up.

　　In September 2012, Edison Chen took a photo with a temperament beauty on a social networking site, and then their love affair was revealed by the media. This woman is Ann, a clerk of his Taiwan Province Chaodian, and her relationship has been stable so far. During this period, Edison Chen also took her to see Huang Qiusheng, michel platini, which seems to be very positive about her girlfriend’s status. He denied the news of the marriage twice.

　　During the period from breaking up with Yang Yongqing to being with Ann for more than a year, he had at least seven gossip girlfriends reported by the media, ranging from small-brand actresses to young models, rich second-generation women, mainland rich women and even the proprietress in izakaya. Although there may be many people who borrowed him to speculate on the upper position, they also printed the old saying: flies don’t bite seamless eggs. Especially in 2011, Xie Zhihui, a 16-year-old Hong Kong supermodel, came out to take a close photo with him, and almost repeated the photo shoot.

　　0 movies and 2 records

　　Shooter, the film starring Edison Chen, was filmed before the pornographic photo gate, but it was not released in Hong Kong until April 2009, and it was hopeless to be released in the mainland. In 2008, when he was far away from the United States, he ran a walk-on in Batman the Dark Knight. His appearance time was only 3 seconds and his lines were only one line. In 2010, it was reported that he and Hollywood Chinese actress Hu Kaili starred in the love movie "Almost Perfect", but it has not been released yet. In 2012, XX Entertainment took an exclusive photo of him shooting a micro-film called X Flywheel in Beijing, and there was still no news.

　　Edison Chen, who loves hip-hop, has been trying to express herself with music. In October, 2010, he released his debut album Conquest, and in July, 2012, he released his album Three Angles, because both of them took the hip-hop route rather than the road love songs, and his two albums had limited repercussions in the entertainment circle.

Be sure to get the aero engine up!

Wen | Xiong Wenming

This article is reproduced from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Taihe Industry Watch" (ID: taifangwu). The original article was first published on February 25, 2021 with the title "China Aero-Engine Breakthrough in All Sides", which does not represent the viewpoint of Outlook Think Tank.

Ren Zhengfei told a story: In the 1970s, British Rolls-Royce offered to sell their Spey engines to China, and were willing to sell military engines directly. The Chinese side in charge of the negotiation was overjoyed and wanted to pay tribute to the British scientists, but the British scientists said, "Thanks to the great inventions of China scientists". When China comes back, find out which scientist it is, Wu Zhonghua. Where is he? Raising pigs in Hubei. Then hurry back to Beijing to be the director of the Institute of Thermophysics.

This is a dramatic story, which was later proved to be somewhat different from reality. But what is certain is that,The three-dimensional flow technology of Spey engine is indeed based on the "three-dimensional flow theory of turbomachinery". In 1950, Wu Zhonghua read a paper at the annual meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in new york, and formally put forward this theory, which was later defined as "Wu’s general theory" and the basic equation in the theory was called "Wu’s equation". Wu Zhonghua’s lecture video was once used as a training material by NASA.

Ren Zhengfei felt that if we had followed Wu Zhonghua’s basic theory and made continuous breakthroughs in engineering technology, the situation of aero-engines in China today might be more optimistic.

In December 2020, the US Department of Commerce published a new list of "military end users", and 80% of the 58 China companies were related to aviation. This is not a sudden bad news. As early as the beginning of 2020, rumors of an embargo on commercial aircraft in China once triggered domestic concerns that the supply of C919 engines might be cut off. From beginning to end in 2020, the focus of American sniper will be China’s aviation industry, especially engines.

As the heart of an airplane, aero-engine is one of the most complicated engineering technologies of human beings so far.At present, many countries can build airplanes, but only the five permanent members of the United Nations, namely, the United States, Russia, Britain, France and China, can really independently develop aero-engines.

China’s aero-engine construction began in the 1950s, and it has gone through a tortuous road from imitation and improvement, to partial independent research and development, and then to completely independent research and development.

At the beginning of the 21st century, with the implementation of "two-engine special project" and the establishment of China Hangfa, the development of aero-engines in China began to enter the fast lane of catching up.In the direction of military aviation development, the self-developed "Taihang" series engines have been put into production in turn, gradually getting rid of import dependence. In the civil direction, CJ-1000A, the "Yangtze River" engine supporting C919, has entered the trial production stage, and CJ-2000 of 35-ton class has also achieved the ignition test of the core engine in 2020, and it is said that the first verification machine has been assembled.

Since the 1990s, China’s reflections and discussions on aero-engines have come and gone, and they have continued to this day. The problem has long been found, but the difficulty lies in how to solve it.

Taking the "two-aircraft special project" and the establishment of China Airlines as milestones,China has started a breakthrough from technological innovation to institutional innovation.

one

From "if there is nothing" to "cohesive development"

In 1958, Wu Daguan, known as the "father of aero-engines" in China, took the opportunity of visiting Britain and made a special trip to the Soviet Union on his way home. He wanted to ask the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the Soviet Union for verification.

After it was rumored that the Soviet Union successfully launched the world’s first artificial satellite, Khrushchev excitedly declared that planes would enter museums in the future.It means that with missile technology, airplanes are useless.. This argument spread to China, which triggered a heated debate at the decision-making level. At that time, China had copied the first turbojet engine turbojet -5 according to the Soviet BK-1φ in Shenyang Aero-Engine Factory, and the jet fighter J-5 with this engine also rushed into the blue sky in Shenyang Aircraft Factory.

Will we develop our own engine next? Fortunately, the ministers of the Soviet aviation industry reassured him: in war, although missiles have great lethality, they really have to rely on planes to conquer each other. Therefore, the United States has not stopped engaging in fighter planes, and our Soviet Union is still engaged in MIG -21.

In the early days of the founding of New China, its national strength was weak, so it could only give priority to the development of critical science and technology. In the debate on "giving priority to the development of aircraft or missiles", Qian Xuesen put forward the "Opinions on Establishing China’s National Defense Aviation Industry" to the Central Committee, advocating concentrating on the development of rockets and missiles.

After a series of investigations and discussions, the central government regards aerospace as a whole and focuses on breaking through missiles and rockets first.In the end, "two bombs and one satellite" laid the foundation of China’s international status and security, and also proved Qian Xuesen’s vision.

In February 1956, Qian Xuesen submitted to the Central Committee "Opinions on Establishing China’s National Defense Aviation Industry"

However, for a long time after the breakthrough of rocket technology, there was no overall planning for the development of aviation industry, which led to the lack of strategic traction in the independent research and development of aircraft, especially aero-engines.

Political circles are still debating whether the aviation industry belongs to high and new technology. Until 1995, when the Ninth Five-Year Plan was released, aviation technology was still not included in high and new technology. Many scientists began to worry. Seven respected and old experts, including Wang Daheng and Shi Changxu, signed a letter to state leaders to express their feelings.

Experts put forward two reasons for vigorously developing aviation technology: First, the Gulf War proved that air power still plays a decisive role in modern wars; Second, the development of aviation industry plays an obvious role in driving the national economy.Experts believe that the gap between China’s aviation technology and advanced countries is widening day by day. If it is not developed vigorously, there will not only be a military crisis, but also the huge domestic civil aviation market will be occupied by foreigners in the future.

For aero-engines, Academician Wang Daheng, the winner of the medal of "two bombs and one satellite", used the word "free" to describe it. Free does not mean nothing, but it is sometimes absent and looming.

"Free" means insufficient investment.China’s first self-designed turbofan -6 with large thrust engine lasted for 20 years, with a total development cost of 150 million RMB, and only 2 million RMB was available in two years at the critical stage of development. At the same time, it cost about $2 billion to develop an engine for an ordinary large and medium-sized aircraft in the United States.

In the 1980s, the United States successively put forward pre-research projects such as IHPTET (Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Program) and VAATE (Advanced Turbine Engine Program), and invested 5 billion and 3.7 billion US dollars respectively. China also put forward two pre-research plans for high-performance engines in the 1980s, but the total investment in 20 years is only equivalent to that of the United States in one quarter. Even if the purchasing power of money in the same period is taken into account, the gap between them is huge.

Aeroengine pre-research program in the United States

It was not until more than half a century passed that we had a deeper understanding of the strategic value and complexity of aero-engines. Since 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has taken the lead in investigating and demonstrating aero-engines and gas turbines. In 2012, the "two-machine special project" was approved. In March 2016, in the 13th Five-Year National Science and Technology Innovation Plan issued by the State Council, aero-engines and gas turbines ranked first.

The implementation of the "two-engine special project" means that aero-engines as a major national strategic project will receive strong support from policies, funds and resources at present and in the future, and fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient investment.

By the end of 2020, the investment in the "two-machine special project" has reached 300 billion yuan. With the strong support of policies and funds, China’s aero-engine and gas turbine technology is accelerating to catch up with the world’s advanced level and achieve a historic leap.

2

From "Aircraft Dependence" to "Flight Separation"

"There are no planes, what do you need an engine for?"

In 1982, due to the changes in the equipment system of the National Air Force, the J -9 and J -6 planes were planned to be dismounted one after another. As its supporting power, the turbofan -6 engine is also facing dismounting because it suddenly loses its applicable object, and at this time, the turbofan -6 has gone through.18 years of hard development, just passed the 24-hour pre-flight test run. From the beginning of scheme research in 1964 to the end of development in 1984, turbofan -6 lasted for 20 years, which almost condensed the youth of a generation. According to the relevant personnel’s memories afterwards:

"At the moment when the suspension of development was announced, Wu Daguan burst into tears, and he also cried on stage."

The development was terminated due to the dismounting of the plane, and the turbofan -8 was developed by Shanghai Changzheng Machinery Factory. This large thrust civil aviation engine, which was born for Yun -10 aircraft, was successfully tested on Boeing 707 for more than a dozen times, and flew to Lhasa and other places as the heart of Yun -10. The cumulative flight time was 170 hours, and all the performances met the design standards. In 1985, Klebos, vice president of the General Aviation Engine Division of the United States, visited China and once admired the turbofan -8:

It was indeed a great achievement that you could finish such a complicated engine 10 years ago.

Turbofan -8 stopped production with Yun -10 dismounted.

Frequent dismounting of projects not only discourages the enthusiasm of researchers, but also delays the development opportunity.For a long time, the development path of aero-engines in China was "maintenance-mapping imitation-model improvement-model development-pre-research", which was basically the opposite of the path in the United States. At that time, the United States had established a mature pre-research mechanism and took a steady route of "technical pre-research-core machine-test verification".

In 2001, Wu Daguan pointed out in his article Reflections on Two Major Historical Issues of Aviation Industry,The policy of "scientific research first, power first" formulated by the aviation industry has not been agreed and implemented, and in fact it has become a general slogan.

One of the fundamental reasons why the pre-research could not be carried out was that the development of the engine was subordinate to the aircraft at that time, that is, "one factory, one model". If a factory wants to develop an airplane, there will be a research institute to develop a matching engine.The engine followed the plane, the plane project dismounted, and the engine development stopped.

On the other hand, due to the long-term lack of technical reserves and pre-research, the development cycle of aero-engine is much longer than that of aircraft, and aircraft often can’t afford to wait for the engine, so it is better to buy others’ ready-made products for independent development. Academician Liu Daxiang, an aviation power expert, once reflected on this issue:

"For a long time, too much emphasis has been placed on aircraft with engines and models with pre-research, and insufficient attention has been paid to early technical verification. Many key technologies have not been effectively broken before model establishment, and often model development is synchronized with technical research and component troubleshooting, resulting in repeated model development, which greatly delays the development cycle."

Under the collective reflection of aviation industry experts, the call for "separation of flight and development" continues to rise. In 2009, China Hangfa Commercial Aviation Engine Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Hangfa Commercial Engine") was established, becoming the general contractor of China’s large passenger aircraft engine project, and began to develop China civil aviation engine.

In 2016, China Aviation Engine Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Hangfa") was formally established, which was jointly funded by SASAC, Beijing State-owned Capital Management Center, China Aviation Industry Corporation and China Commercial Aircraft Corporation.

Since then, China has owned a national specialized aero-engine enterprise group.It means that, at least institutionally, aviation development has completely got rid of the dependence on aircraft development., towards the independent development of the sea of stars.

three

From "Imitation of Surveying and Mapping" to "Independent Research and Development"

"Buy if you can, and copy if you can’t."

The background of Ren Zhengfei’s story is the 1970s. In fact, the introduction of "Spey" engine from Britain was just an accidental episode. In the early days, most aero-engines in China came from mapping and imitation of Soviet engines. As the core technology of aviation industry, the western countries have always adopted a blockade strategy against China. After the Soviet Union cut off aid, China’s aviation industry once fell into a dilemma of no availability. In 1972, British Rolls-Royce offered to provide Spey MK202 engine to China, and at the same time transferred technology, which was quite unexpected.

Spey MK202 engine

In December 1975, China and Britain signed a purchase contract of about 77 million pounds.The original plan is divided into two steps. It will take three years to learn how to assemble qualified Speer with imported parts, and then five years to realize localization.. In 1980, the Spey engine developed and assembled according to British wool was tested in Britain. However, in the national economic adjustment in the 1980s, it faced the same reality as turbofan -6, so the localization process was suspended for more than ten years.

It lasted for 30 years before and after the localization of Spey, which is very emotional. Because we couldn’t wait for the engine, in order to ensure the production of the aircraft, we first used the Spey engines stored for 20 years, and then bought a batch of second-hand engines from Britain. Until around 2010, turbofan -9 finally kept up with the progress and realized continuous mass production supply.

The turbofan -9 "Qinling" engine developed from Sibei belongs to "partially independent design". Before that, most of us were "copying and improving" Soviet engines.Long-term measurement and imitation lead to the fact that the technical ability of the institute is even inferior to that of the factory, and the technology cannot be digested and its own research and development system cannot be formed.

It was not until 2002 that the domestic turbojet -14 "Kunlun" engine was finalized that China completed the whole process of self-development for the first time.

In December 2005, the domestic turbofan -10 "Taihang" developed by Shenyang Liming Engine Company passed the life test and became the first large thrust turbofan engine with independent intellectual property rights in China. "Taihang" took 27 years from the pre-research in 1978 to the project establishment in 1987, and then to the completion of the design finalization examination at the end of December 2005. This process can be said to be stumbling, and even the explosion of the testing machine occurred.

Until 2011, the maximum afterburner thrust of turbofan -10 was determined to be 125KN, which means that this "domestic heart" with high hopes has finally entered the mass production state. "Taihang" has finally passed the stage of being criticized by netizens as "not very good", and its performance in recent years can be regarded as disappointing. Up to now, no fighter plane carrying "Taihang" has crashed due to engine failure.

From imitation and improvement, to partial independent research and development, and then to having independent intellectual property rights, China aviation industry people clearly realize that key areas must be self-reliant and core technologies must be mastered by themselves.However, as the most complex industrial field of mankind, the development of aero-engines cannot be done behind closed doors.

The development of turbofan -10 has also learned from others’ strengths. For example, the core engine principle draws lessons from the F-110 commonly used in the United States. In order to meet the actual domestic installation demand, Su -27 was introduced as a flight test platform, and a lot of technical experience of the supporting power system AL-31F of Su -27 was digested and absorbed. Like many domestic equipment technologies in China at present, turbofan -10 does not copy Russian products or blindly follow hairdressing, but absorbs the experience of the United States and Russia at the same time, and then explores a technical route that conforms to China’s reality.

Main military aero-engine models developed in China.

From "filling in the blanks" to "looking back", it is not easy to finally ensure that it is "neck and neck" with developed countries.After the establishment of China Hangfa, a "three-step" road map was established.

The first step is to narrow the gap with the advanced level of foreign aero-engines, initially establish an independent innovation research and development system for aero-engines, and lay a foundation for development;

The second step is to basically build an independent innovation research and development system for aero-engines;

The third step is to complete the independent development process of representative models, build the basic research, product development and industrial system of independent innovation, basically realize the strategic transformation of independent innovation and development, and make China Hangfa an innovative enterprise with international competitiveness.

four

From "Closed Independence" to "Open Integration"

"Small core, great collaboration, specialization and openness."

In the first half century, the development of aero-engines in China was not smooth. From the 1990s to the beginning of this century, there were many reflections on the lagging development of aero-engines in China.The old experts concluded that "our understanding of the development law of aviation technology is insufficient, and we lack long-term planning and stable planning", but the deeper reason lies in the system.

The American military industry model is based on enterprises.Boeing, Loma, Nuoge and other dual-use groups are the main manufacturers, Raytheon, Holwell, Pratt & Whitney, General Motors and other groups provide sub-system support for them, and thousands of dual-use enterprises such as TI and ADI are responsible for supplying materials and parts, forming a pyramid-shaped integration of defense and civilian technologies ecological circle with open cooperation, step-by-step competition and professional subdivision.

During the Cold War, the United States once supported two aviation giants, GE and PW, through the horizontal competition mechanism controlled by the government. In 1968, the US Department of Defense asked Pratt & Whitney and GM to manufacture and test one engine each. This government-led "selecting the best to help the strong" has achieved remarkable results, and finally achieved the famous GM F-110 engine and Pratt & Whitney F-100 engine.

F110-GE engine

Pratt & Whitney initially won the competition and signed the contract first. Although GM was at a disadvantage in the initial competition, it subsequently launched an improved F110-GE-129, and Pratt & Whitney developed an improved F100-PW-229 to compete with it.

In February, 1984, the United States Air Force purchased F100 and F110 in proportion according to the double contractor procurement strategy, and basically they were exposed to rain and dew. It is under such a "horse racing" mechanism and order support that the two companies have grown into the world’s top aero-engine companies.

For a long time, China’s military industrial model is dominated by military industrial groups with strong administrative color, and scientific research tasks are coordinated, coordinated and protected in a highly planned way. The general research institute to the assembly plant, and the supporting research institute to the supporting plant are mostlyIn the state of "vertical cooperation and fragmentation", military and civilian lines are separated, forming a closed monopoly system with separation of research and development, lack of competition and self-protection.

The establishment of the "Two-Aircraft Project" and China Aviation Development Co., Ltd. is escorted by the in-depth promotion of the national integration of defense and civilian technologies strategy. In 2016, the Opinions on the Integrated Development of Economic Construction and National Defense Construction issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission clearly proposed to deepen the reform of the national defense science, technology and industry system, further break the industry closure, expand the introduction of social capital, highlight core capabilities, liberalize general capabilities, promote socialized cooperation, and promote the professional reorganization of military enterprises.

Breaking the binary separation of military and civilian and promoting open integration are not only institutional breakthroughs, but also the reshaping and integration of the industrial chain.Taking the aviation industry as an example, the "main manufacturer-supplier" model that the United States has been pursuing is being followed by global aviation manufacturing enterprises. In this mode, the development of an aircraft requires the early intervention of suppliers and joint participation in research and development.

The main manufacturer splits its subordinate manufacturing units and becomes a system integrated manufacturing role, getting rid of the "heavy-load" link of "manufacturing production", which requires high load to produce benefits, and enhancing its ability to cope with market changes; Suppliers can focus on the research and development and technical strength reserve of a certain subsystem, so as to be more professional and efficient.

As the core system of an aircraft, aero-engine open cooperation can also greatly improve the development efficiency. For example, since 2004, Rolls-Royce Company has only produced 30% of the core components and the highest added value, and subcontracted the remaining 70%, thus reducing the manufacturing and purchasing costs of all engine parts as much as possible under the premise of controllable risks.

On this basis, China Hangfa has further determined the development mode of "small core, large cooperation, specialization and openness", which means that the development of China aero-engine can attract more extensive external forces to participate in the cooperation nationwide and even globally, and enterprises can concentrate on improving key core capabilities. According to the disclosed information, there are currently more than 350 suppliers participating in the "Yangtze River" series of engines, initially forming a global supply chain. At the same time, 69 suppliers from 16 countries are willing to participate in the commercial engine project in China.

Historical lessons have proved that you can’t build an engine behind closed doors.

Aeroengine is composed of tens of thousands of precision parts, which has a long development cycle and involves a wide range of fields. Independent research and development of aero-engines is an arduous challenge to the current basic disciplines, design, materials and technology. China has a complete range of manufacturing industries and abundant resources, but the support provided by basic industries is far from enough. Through open integration, the standards and data barriers in the upstream industrial chain (such as materials, machining, measurement and testing, etc.) can accelerate the integration of manufacturing resources, enrich and improve the industrial chain, and maximize the cost reduction and efficiency improvement of the whole industry.

Due to the historical debts and the current technical blockade, it is doomed that the breakthrough road of China aero-engine is still bumpy, which requires great determination, patience and wisdom. But the first light on this road has shown us the way.

References:

[1] Wu Daguan, thinking about two major historical issues of aviation industry, 2001.

[2] Yang Kemin, 100 people who moved China since the founding of New China: Wu Daguan, 2012.

[3] Zhao Yining, Great Country Project, 2018

[4] Liu Daxiang Jinjie Peng Youmei Hu Xiaoyu, Development Status and Key Technology Analysis of Large Aircraft Engines, 2008.

[5] Liu Daxiang, a historic opportunity for the development of aviation power, 2005.

[6] Han Xinwei, Chen Liangyou, Wu Hao, Countermeasures for Accelerating the Development of Aero-engines in China, 2003.

[7] Wen Junfeng, Brief Introduction and Thinking of Aeroengine Development, World Passenger Aircraft Research and Development, 1998.

[8] Han Rui, Lilac, Brief Introduction and Thinking on the Development of Aeroengines, 2012

[9] Pei Yu, further progress in the "domestic heart" of large aircraft, commissioning of CR929 engine verification machine, 2020

[10] Liu Zhenmin, China aero-engine industry development from the perspective of system innovation, 2019.

Original title: "At the moment of announcing the suspension of research and development, the audience cried" … Now China is no longer afraid of sniping! 》

Read the original text

　　Beijing time in 2022

　　At 9: 32 on November 3,

　　China space station mengtian experimental cabin

　　Successfully completed the transposition

　　The space station modules, manned spacecraft, cargo spacecraft, relay satellites used in China’s space station project and the Long March series of launch vehicles used to launch these spacecraft,All developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.Other subsystems of the project also have the participation of relevant units affiliated to Aerospace Science and Technology Group.

　　During the transposition, the Mengtian experimental module first completed the relevant state setting, then separated from the space station assembly, and then completed the transposition in about one hour by plane transposition, and then docked with the lateral port of the node module of Tianhe core module again. This afternoon, the crew of Shenzhou 14 astronauts will enter the Mengtian experimental cabin.

　　▲ Schematic diagram of the current space station assembly

　　The completion of the transposition of the Mengtian experimental module marksThe "T" basic configuration of China Space Station has been assembled in orbit.It has taken a key step towards the goal of building a space station. According to the plan, the basic function test and evaluation of the space station assembly will be carried out in the future.

　　History engraves our journey.

　　the year of 2020

　　May 5 th

　　The Long March 5 B carrier rocket made its first flight, launching a new generation of manned spacecraft test ship, and the first battle of the space station phase mission was successful.

　　May 8 th

　　Safe landing of the return capsule of the new generation manned spacecraft test ship.

　　In 2021

　　April 29

　　Changwu B rocket launches space station and core module.

　　29 -30 May

　　The Long March 7 carrier rocket launched the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, which docked at the backward port of Tianhe core module.

　　June 17th

　　The Long March II F carrier rocket launched the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft, which docked at the forward port of Tianhe core module. Astronauts Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo entered Tianhe core module, and Chinese entered his own space station for the first time.

　　July 4th.

　　Shenzhou 12 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the first extravehicular activity in the space station stage by group.

　　August 20 th

　　Shenzhou 12 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the second extravehicular activity in groups.

　　September 17th.

　　The return capsule of Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft landed safely, and the astronauts were in good condition.

　　September 18th

　　Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft is separated from the backward port of the space station and the core module, and flies around to the forward port to complete the automatic rendezvous and docking.

　　September 20th.

　　The Changqi rocket launched the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft, which docked at the backward port of Tianhe core module.

　　23 -24 September

　　The first on-orbit ignition test was completed by four thrusters in the electric propulsion subsystem of the space station and the core module.

　　October 16th.

　　The Chang ‘er F rocket launched the Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft, which docked at the radial port of Tianhe core module. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu entered Tianhe core module, and China Space Station welcomed the second flight crew and the first female astronaut.

　　7 -8 November

　　Shenzhou 13 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the first extravehicular activity in groups, which was the first time in China’s space history that female astronauts participated in the extravehicular activity.

　　26 -27 December

　　Shenzhou 13 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the second extravehicular activity in groups.

　　In 2022

　　January 6th.

　　It is the first time that China has used the space station manipulator to operate a large-scale on-orbit aircraft to conduct the transposition test.

　　January 8 th

　　Shenzhou 13 astronauts completed the rendezvous and docking test of the combination of hand-controlled teleoperation cargo spacecraft and space station in groups.

　　March 27th and 31st

　　The Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft was evacuated from the core module assembly of the space station and re-entered the atmosphere under control.

　　April 16th

　　The return capsule of Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft landed safely, and the astronauts were in good condition.

　　April 20

　　Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft separated from the backward port of Tianhe core module, circled to the forward port, and completed automatic rendezvous and docking.

　　May 10th.

　　The Changqi rocket launched the Tianzhou-4 cargo spacecraft, which docked at the backward port of Tianhe core module.

　　June 5th.

　　The Chang ‘er F rocket launched the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft, which docked at the radial port of the Tianhe core module, and astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe entered the Tianhe core module.

　　July 17th and 27th

　　Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft evacuated from the space station assembly and re-entered the atmosphere under control.

　　July 24th

　　Changwu B rocket launch space station test module.

　　July 25th

　　The space shuttle was docked at the forward port of Tianhe core module, and then the Shenzhou 14 astronauts entered the space shuttle in groups, which was the first time that China astronauts entered the scientific experimental module in orbit.

　　1 -2 September

　　Shenzhou 14 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the first extravehicular activity by group, which is the first time that Chinese astronauts have carried out extravehicular activities from the airlock cabin of the candlestick experimental module.

　　September 17th.

　　Shenzhou 14 astronauts completed all the established tasks of the second extravehicular activity in groups.

　　September 30th.

　　It is the first time for China to use the indexing mechanism to carry out the indexing operation of the large-scale module in orbit.

　　October 31st.

　　Changwu B rocket launch space station Mengtian experimental module.

　　November 1st.

　　Mengtian experimental module is docked with the forward port of Tianhe core module.

　　November 3 rd

　　The Mengtian experimental module has been transposed, and the "T" basic configuration of China Space Station has been assembled.

　　Source/China Manned Space Engineering Office, CCTV

　　Reporter/Ren Changsheng

　　Editor/Liu Huaiyu Gao Yiming

　　American editor/Yang Shuai

　　Proofreading/Zhao Cong

　　Producer/Huang Xi

CCTV News:In order to further compact the responsibility of production safety and ensure the safety and stability of the May 1 holiday. Recently, emergency management departments in many places have carried out special inspections on safety supervision for high-risk industries in this area. In Shenyang, Liaoning Province, inspectors conducted comprehensive inspections on safety production and fire protection of local food and drug enterprises, and found many hidden problems.

Liaoning: It is found that there are many safety hazards in the gas boiler room of the enterprise.

In xinmin city, Liaoning Province, when the local emergency management department inspected a food enterprise, it was found that the alarm in the gas boiler workshop of the enterprise was not installed at the specified distance, and there was a hidden danger of delaying the alarm when combustible gas leaked.

In addition, in this gas-fired boiler workshop, inspectors also found that some key electrical appliances do not have explosion-proof function and are prone to electric sparks.

In a pharmaceutical enterprise in xinmin city, inspectors walked into the gas-fired boiler room and found that a fire station was temporarily built inside, which did not comply with the relevant regulations.

In view of the problems detected, the local emergency management department requires enterprises to rectify immediately as required, and conduct a major risk investigation by analogy. According to the work arrangements of the the State Council Safety Committee Office and Liaoning Province, the Liaoning Provincial Safety Committee has set up a number of comprehensive inspection teams for production safety, and rushed to many places in Liaoning to carry out comprehensive inspection work on production safety and fire protection during the May Day holiday to comprehensively investigate and rectify various potential risks.

Luzhou, Sichuan: Centralized management of safety hazards in key industries such as dangerous chemicals.

In the past few days, Luzhou, Sichuan, Fuzhou, Fujian and other places have carried out special treatment of hidden dangers of safety risks in key industries, and really investigated and corrected outstanding problems such as failure to implement the responsibility for safety production and inadequate safety risk identification and control.

On April 21st, law enforcement inspectors of Luzhou Emergency Management Bureau came to a dangerous chemical enterprise to carry out law enforcement inspection activities of safety production supervision, and found that the installation method of pressure gauge valves on the pipeline was not standardized, and there was a risk of toxic and harmful gas leakage.

For the security risks found, the law enforcement inspectors ordered the enterprises to establish and reform, and comprehensively investigated all kinds of hidden dangers of the enterprises by analogy. It is reported that the centralized management of safety risks in key industries in Luzhou involves 17 industries, including dangerous chemicals, mines and road traffic. Through supervision and inspection, all parties’ responsibilities are promoted to the end, and all kinds of risks are effectively controlled.

Fuzhou, Fujian: Carry out special rectification of maritime safety to prevent and resolve major security risks.

In order to further promote the sustained and stable maritime safety situation, the Fuzhou Municipal Safety Production Committee has launched a one-month special rectification campaign for maritime safety since the end of March. At Huang Qi Central Fishing Port in Lianjiang County, Fuzhou, law enforcement inspectors boarded the ship one by one to check the hidden dangers, check the relevant documents of fishing boat operation and the status of fire fighting equipment, and found that many fire extinguishers of a fishing boat had failed to work normally, and urged the owner to make immediate rectification.

In this special rectification of maritime safety, the Fuzhou Municipal Safety Committee set up a working group for supervision and assistance on maritime safety and a special class for guidance and service at the stagnation point. The city has carried out 1,595 law enforcement inspections, boarded 2,269 ships, and found 487 hidden dangers. Through joint law enforcement, training and inspection, the loopholes in ship safety management have been filled, creating a high-pressure situation of maritime safety production supervision.

　　Hunan Daily, June 5 (all-media reporter Deng Jing Xian) On the morning of the 5th, Zhang Qingwei, secretary of the provincial party committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, came to the provincial emergency command center to visit and express condolences to the cadres and workers on duty during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday and to dispatch and deploy flood control and disaster relief work. He stressed that all departments at all levels in the province should conscientiously implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on flood control and disaster relief, adhere to the principle of putting people first and life first, always tighten the string of preventing floods and resisting major disasters, take the initiative, perform their duties, and ban them, do a solid job in protecting rivers, lakes and An Lan, and ensure the safety of the people, so as to stand up and hold fast in the major test of flood control, disaster reduction and disaster relief, and greet the party’s twentieth victory with practical actions.

　　Provincial leaders Li Dianxun, Wu Guiying, Zhang Yingchun, Nan Xiaogang and Wang Yiou attended the meeting at the scene or via video link.

　　Since June 1st, the strongest rainfall process has occurred in our province after flood season, and the flood control situation is severe and complicated. In the duty room of the provincial emergency command center, Zhang Qingwei, on behalf of the provincial party committee and government, expressed condolences and thanks to the broad masses of party member cadres and masses, officers and men of the armed police force and emergency rescue teams who fought in the front line of flood control and disaster relief. At the flood control consultation and dispatch meeting, Zhang Qingwei listened to the reports of the provincial flood control office, meteorology, water conservancy, natural resources, transportation, electric power, communication, Xiangxi, Huaihua and other relevant departments and cities, learned more about the rain, water, flood and project scheduling in the province, and studied and deployed the flood control, emergency rescue and disaster relief work in the next stage.

　　Zhang Qingwei emphasized that the danger of rain is the command. Wherever it rains and the danger appears, the cadres will be there and our work will be done in a forward-looking way. Party committees and governments at all levels should effectively unify their thoughts and actions with the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, strengthen their vigilance in thinking ahead and their responsibility in doing ahead, overcome their paralyzed thoughts and fluky psychology, "it is better to be on the safe side than to be on the safe side", deploy early, send people early and act early in accordance with the division of responsibilities and work requirements, minimize disaster losses, and resolutely hold the bottom line of no mass casualties. To play the role of flood control emergency command system, flood prevention departments at all levels should take the lead in overall planning and coordination, strengthen consultation and judgment, pay attention to coordination, and strengthen the close cooperation between member units and professional rescue teams. The departments of agriculture, rural areas, civil affairs, development and reform, finance, health, transportation, electric power, communications, etc. should provide necessary support to help the affected areas to resume production and life after the disaster. It is necessary to highlight the key points of defense, do a solid job in urban flood control, flood control of small and medium-sized rivers, investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards of various reservoirs and tailings ponds, and do a good job in disaster prevention in areas where people are concentrated in rural areas, schools, industrial and mining enterprises, construction sites, tourist attractions and so on. It is necessary to strictly implement the responsibility requirements and build a horizontal and vertical flood control responsibility system. Party and government leaders at all levels, especially the main responsible comrades, should stand in the front line and command ahead, accurately grasp the situation, resolutely and decisively make decisions, effectively organize risk avoidance, and quickly respond to emergencies. Never be indecisive and absent-minded, and truly be responsible and conscientious;We should give full play to the role of grassroots party organizations as fighting bastions and the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, and exchange the hard work and dedication of party member cadres for the health and safety of the people. The college entrance examination is coming, and all relevant departments in all localities should make emergency preparations to create a safe environment for the majority of candidates.

CCTV News:In order to further promote the development of the language service industry, expand the export scale of language services and enhance the national language service capacity, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Education and other departments have built a number of language service export bases this year, which have made continuous progress in technology while cultivating language translators.

Liu Junrong is an English translator, majoring in language from undergraduate to graduate. Her first part-time job was not as an English tutor, but as a part-time translator on a language website.

Liu Junrong, an English interpreter in the translation center of a language information technology company in Sichuan;The business volume is very large, and there are many fields and languages. Because I am engaged in English, I chose the social science field that I am interested in, so that I can earn some pocket money and improve my study skills.

JUNG WOO, Product Manager of R&D Center of a Language Information Technology Company in Sichuan:This is the data of our backstage delivery. It can be seen that the delivery volume in the past 30 days is around 7,866 orders, and the delivery time is mainly concentrated from Monday to Friday, and the highest single day may reach more than 300 orders.

This company was recognized as an export base for language services by the Ministry of Commerce this year, with "language talent training and employment" as the core, and actively cooperated with many universities in Sichuan and Chongqing. The overseas income has increased significantly compared with 2020, with more than 3,000 foreign-related orders.

　　　　　　 Zhu Xianchao, Chairman of a Language Information Technology Company in Sichuan:In the future, we will actively expand overseas markets and plan to open branches or offices in Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa and other places to provide more convenient localization services for China enterprises to go overseas and overseas enterprises to invest in China.

Language translation needs not only the cultivation of talents, but also the improvement of technology. In a translation company in Hubei, an English manuscript of about 5,000 words only needs to be uploaded with one click, and each order has a customized translation payment scheme, and the order also relies on big data for intelligent distribution.

Xie Fei, a translator of a translation company in Hubei:Orders can be placed all over the world, because the whole process of this project is automated, so the time will be very short. They split a project into dozens or even hundreds of projects and recommend it to thousands of translators at the same time.

In recent years, with the continuous spread of overseas epidemic, the environment of international trade and cross-border communication has changed, which has a certain impact on the development of interpretation services such as overseas interpreters’ stationing and exhibition services. In the face of sudden challenges, this company chose to persist in continuous research and development in technology and strive to surpass the curve.

He Zhengyu, Dean of the Research Institute of a translation company in Hubei:We are not limited to machine translation, but also introduced AI technology and our own machine translation engine. The amount of data used by the overall vertical engine may have exceeded 1 billion. In this case, the number of projects that one person can trade at the same time will become a lot.

Russian customers of translation platform:The translation of a 200,000-word tender document takes one week in the traditional mode, and this platform can be shortened to less than 24 hours, which will gain more time for our enterprise.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 10th Question: What is the secret of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"? — — Revealing China’s Solution to the Problems in the Operation of Venues in the Post-Olympic Era

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xiao, Wang Yong

　　Olympic venues are an important foundation for hosting the Olympic Games. Looking back on the history of the world Olympic Games, almost all the main venues of the previous Olympic Games presented a wonderful and extraordinary "A" side during the games. However, due to the large amount of construction funds, large construction scale and high maintenance cost, it has become a world problem to solve the "B" aspect of the utilization of Olympic venues after the games.

　　On the 11th anniversary of the opening of the Beijing Olympic Games, reporters came to the National Stadium "Bird’s Nest", the National Aquatics Center "Water Cube" and the National Speed Skating Hall "Ice Ribbon" under construction, looking for a "China solution" to solve the world’s problems.

　　"Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" Show "Money Bag"

　　Although it has been 11 years since the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, thousands of tourists still come to the core area of Beijing Olympic Park in August. As an Olympic landmark with a population of nearly 1.4 billion, it has never lacked popularity.

　　However, as the iconic venues of the Beijing Olympic Games, the construction cost of the "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" is high, and it is not a small expense to ensure the high-quality maintenance of the venues. Can the "money bags" of these two Olympic venues hold up under the difficult circumstances of the world’s large-scale Olympic venues?

　　The reporter learned from the National Stadium Company that the operating income of "Bird’s Nest" in 2018 was 268 million yuan, which completely covered the operating costs such as depreciation of fixed assets, operation and maintenance fees, sales and management fees, and achieved independent profits for many years. The National Aquatics Center Company said that in 2018, the "Water Cube" achieved a revenue of 124 million yuan, and the venue broke even for many years.

　　"Three Mysteries" of Managing "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"

　　What is the management of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube"? The reporter learned from in-depth interviews that what makes the two Olympic venues truly achieve sustainable development is the innovation of brand activities and the improvement of quality.

　　— — Undertake major international events. After the Beijing Olympic Games, the "Bird’s Nest" and the "Water Cube" launched a comprehensive market-oriented operation exploration. "Bird’s Nest" has become a professional venue for hosting top sports events with its first-class facilities and operational advantages. Many high-level individual events under FINA have settled in the "Water Cube".

　　— — Establish a diversified development system. "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" have formed a comprehensive business system including large-scale activities, tourism services and commercial development. Take the "Bird’s Nest" as an example. First, strengthen the development of tangible assets. The Bird’s Nest Cultural Center not only becomes a public cultural space in the capital, but also incubates innovative and entrepreneurial projects in the cultural and sports industry. The second is the development of intangible assets, constantly promoting advertising sponsorship and the development of cultural and creative products. The third is to extend the industrial chain of venues, and set up five subsidiaries around the "Bird’s Nest", including ticketing, commerce, activities, media and culture, so that the "Bird’s Nest" has the export conditions for venue management.

　　— — Cultivate independent brand projects. "Water Cube" has built a sub-brand of art exhibition "Art Water Cube" and a sub-brand of cultural performance "Dream Water Cube", and transformed itself from a sports venue into a platform for cultural and artistic exchange. After the country announced the goal of "300 million people participating in the ice and snow sports", the two major venues also created mass sports brands such as "Meet 2022" Ice and Snow Culture Festival, which enabled the Olympic venues to "get on the international stage and enter the people’s lives".

　　According to statistics, after the opening of the two venues, they received more than 56 million Chinese and foreign tourists and visitors, and held more than 3,400 events such as various competitions, performances, exhibitions and national fitness activities.

　　The post-match operation of stadiums and gymnasiums is a process of gradual industrialization and enterprise

　　The "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" have a bright "report card", which benefits from the strong leadership and scientific judgment of the venue owners.

　　As the earliest state-owned enterprise in Beijing to enter the cultural and sports industry, Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. summed up the "China experience" to solve the problem of the utilization of Olympic venues after the games.

　　"The post-match operation of stadiums and gymnasiums should be a process of gradual industrialization and enterprise, but the post-match operation of many stadiums and gymnasiums is still a pure government act. Once the large-scale event is over, it is difficult for the venue to balance social and economic benefits. " Wu Xiaonan, vice president of Beijing State-owned Corporation, pointed out the crux of the problem.

　　Wu Xiaonan said that the operation experience of "Bird’s Nest" and "Water Cube" proves that super-large stadiums need to introduce large-scale platform enterprises, especially comprehensive investment and financing platforms as venue operators, and bring resources for the integrated development of culture, sports, finance, venture capital and other industries for the development of stadiums, rather than simply turning stadiums into a company.

　　In order to operate the two major venues well, Beijing State-owned Assets Corporation has laid out the layout with the whole cultural and sports industry in mind, and coordinated the advantages of its capital cultural and sports industry flagship enterprises, digital vision technology and service providers and national A-level professional performance institutions on the Olympic venues. At the same time, Beijing SME Credit Re-guarantee Company in the financial sector set up the National Cultural and Creative Experimental Zone Enterprise Credit Promotion Association to promote the long-term operation of the Olympic venues through "combination boxing" with complementary resources.

　　"Facts have proved that this model is conducive to giving full play to the role of large state-owned enterprises. While ensuring the completion of important tasks, it can achieve a double harvest of social and economic benefits through enterprise management and integration of various formats." Wu Xiaonan said.

　　At the beginning of the construction of "Ice Ribbon", the problem of post-game utilization was considered.

　　In order to build the iconic new venue of Beijing Winter Olympics and the National Speed Skating Gymnasium "Ice Ribbon", Beijing established "Beijing National Speed Skating Gymnasium Management Co., Ltd.".

　　Wu Xiaonan, who is also the chairman of the National Speed Skating Hall Company, said that the "Ice Ribbon" was fully considered at the beginning of its construction. In addition to becoming a speed skating competition venue during the games, it can meet the needs of six kinds of ice sports competitions such as speed skating, short track speed skating, figure skating and curling, and can also meet the national fitness needs of 3,000 people skating at the same time.

　　At the end of this year, 22 flowing ice ribbons of the National Speed Skating Museum will fly in the Beijing Olympic Park, and together with the majestic steel structure "Bird’s Nest" and the flexible membrane structure "Water Cube", they will form the landmark building complex of "Double Olympic City".

　　Peng Yue, chairman of Beijing State-owned Assets Corporation, said: "Pass ‘ Bird’s Nest ’ ‘ Water cube ’ ‘ Ice ribbon ’ We hope to provide the international community with the Olympic venues after the Games ‘ Repeated utilization, comprehensive utilization and sustainable utilization ’ China’s experience, this is ‘ Four self-confidences ’ A vivid manifestation of implementation in practice. "

　　International Olympic Committee President Bach once commented: "China has every reason to be proud of its Olympic legacy."

　　The insiders believe that the post-games operation and sustainable utilization of Beijing Olympic venues have set a new example of benign interaction and win-win development between the Olympic Movement and cities and regions, benefiting the people for a long time. Continuing this road of sustainable development of the Olympic mega-stadiums with China characteristics will show more wonderful China to the world.

　　CCTV News:According to WeChat official account news from the Central Meteorological Observatory, the latest forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that the No.6 typhoon "Kanu" will land on the south coast of South Korea on the morning of August 10th and enter the northeast of China on the night of the 11th, bringing strong wind and rain. There are 6 ~ 7 winds in parts of Heilongjiang and Jilin, and local gusts are 10 ~ 11; There are heavy rains in northeastern Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang, and the accumulated rainfall can reach 120 ~ 200mm. The cumulative surface rainfall in sub-basins such as Mudanjiang, the lower reaches of Songhua River and Tumen River is 75 ~ 85mm. Meteorologists reminded that the future wind and rain affected areas of Typhoon Kanu are highly overlapped with the areas where heavy rains and floods occurred in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in the early stage, and the pressure of flood control is great. It is suggested to take precautions against floods, mountain torrents, geological disasters and urban and rural waterlogging in small and medium-sized rivers in advance.

　　It is estimated that the No.6 typhoon "Kanu" will move northward at a speed of about 10 kilometers per hour this year, and its intensity will be enhanced. It will land on the southern coast of South Korea on the morning of August 10, and its intensity is expected to be strong tropical storm or typhoon (28 ~ 33 m/s, 10 ~ 12), and it will enter the northeast of China on the night of the 11th, and gradually weaken into an extratropical cyclone.

　　Gale forecast: It is predicted that there will be 6-8 winds and 9-10 gusts in eastern Bohai Sea, Bohai Strait, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Taiwan Province Strait, southern coast of Zhejiang, northern coast of Fujian and northern coast of Taiwan Province Island on August 11th, affected by Kanu. Among them, the winds in the eastern part of the Yellow Sea and the eastern part of the East China Sea can reach 9-10 and the gusts are 11-10. On October 10-13, there were 4-5 winds and 6-7 gusts in the northeast and coastal waters of Shandong Peninsula, 6-7 winds and 8-9 gusts in some areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin, and the local winds could reach 8-9 and 10-11 gusts.

　　Rainfall forecast: On October 10-12, affected by Kanu, there was moderate to heavy rain in eastern Liaoning, and heavy rain in eastern Jilin, northern Heilongjiang and central and eastern China, including heavy rain in northeastern Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang. The accumulated rainfall in the above areas is 30 ~ 60 mm, and the local area can reach 120 ~ 200 mm. The maximum hourly rain intensity is 30 ~ 50 mm, and the local area can reach more than 60 mm. The main rainfall period is from the night of the 10th to the day of the 12th.

　　Surface rainfall forecast: on October 10-12, the surface rainfall in the sub-basins of Songhua River, such as Hulan reach, Lalin reach and Songhua Lake, is 22-28 mm; The cumulative area rainfall of Mudanjiang, the lower reaches of Songhua River and Tumen River is 75 ~ 85 mm..

　　Experts remind that since the end of July, there has been heavy rainfall in Northeast China, with rainfall in most parts of Heilongjiang, western Jilin and southern Liaoning being 30% to 80% higher than normal, and in some parts of southeastern Heilongjiang, northern Jilin and western Liaoning being more than twice as high, resulting in super-warning floods in many rivers, and heavy rains and floods in Lan Shu, Jilin, Wuchang and Shangzhi in Heilongjiang. Because the future wind and rain impact of Kanu is highly overlapped with the previous falling area, the disaster risk will be further aggravated, so it is suggested to do a good job in flood control in Songliao Basin. The bottom water of rivers in Heilongjiang and Jilin is high, so it is necessary to pay attention to the monitoring of rain, water and flood, strengthen the inspection of dams and dams in rivers, reservoirs and lakes to ensure the safety of small and medium-sized rivers, reservoirs and towns, and strengthen the prevention of disasters such as flash floods, landslides and mudslides in mountainous areas.

　　In addition, it is estimated that on October 10-12, the risk level of farmland waterlogging disaster in some areas such as central and eastern Heilongjiang and eastern Jilin is high, which has adverse effects on the growth and development of crops such as spring corn, soybeans and potatoes. It is suggested to clear ditches and drain water in time to reduce the risk of crop lodging.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Jinan, December 16th: Birds fall in love with the Yellow River Estuary — — Visit to the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Nian and Wu Shuguang

　　Since the beginning of winter, the scenery of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve in Shandong Province is more like a beautiful picture of a scenery film — — Between the waves, the reeds on the shoals are like snow, and groups of migratory birds are strolling comfortably or spreading their wings, and the beautiful songs are one after another.

　　The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea from Dongying, Shandong Province, and its alluvial Yellow River Delta has a complete wetland ecosystem in warm temperate zone. In 1992, a national protected area with a total area of 153,000 hectares was established here, which played an important role in protecting the newly-born wetland ecosystem and rare and endangered birds. In 2013, the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta were listed in the list of internationally important wetlands by the International Convention on Wetlands; In 2018, Dongying ranked among the first batch of "international wetland cities" in the world.

　　When the reporter visited the nature reserve, he saw that the red-crowned crane walked gracefully, the white crane, the wart-nosed swan and the white spoonbill were hovering at low altitude, and the solitary oriental white stork stayed quietly in the nest most of the time … …

　　In the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, the nest of oriental storks with a diameter of several meters is on the telephone pole. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　Liujing, head of the Ecological Monitoring Center of the Yellow River Delta, told the reporter that the number of birds in the nature reserve has increased from 187 when it was built to 371 now, including 25 species under national first-class protection and 65 species under second-class protection. The number of 38 species of birds exceeds 1% of the global total. Millions of birds migrate here every year, and some of them even spend the winter and breed here.

　　This is a great egret shot in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　"This is an important transit point for bird migration, with ‘ Bird International Airport ’ The reputation of the migration peak is extremely busy. " Zhao Yajie, a researcher at the reserve, said that among the nine bird migration routes in the world, two routes, East Asia-Australasia and the Pacific Rim, pass through the Yellow River Delta.

　　Two red-crowned cranes in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve perched among the aquatic plants. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　Since last year, rare birds such as white pelican and spoonbill snipe have been discovered in the Yellow River Delta. However, in the view of researchers, the national first-class protection of birds, Oriental White Storks, is a testimony to the continuous improvement of the ecological environment. They only passed through the Yellow River Delta in their migration at the earliest, and began to nest here in 2003. In 2005, they first bred two nests of seven young birds in the wild. Observations show that this year, Oriental white storks have bred 324 chicks in 120 nests, with a total of 2278 chicks. "According to the information we have, it is undoubtedly the largest breeding ground for oriental storks in the world." Zhao Yajie said.

　　This is a bird flock taken near the dampproof dike in Kenli District, Dongying City. Ren Xiaojie

　　The reporter learned that the reserve not only insists on protection priority and natural restoration, but also takes the initiative and acts scientifically. For example, oriental storks like to nest and lay eggs in tall trees to hatch chicks, but there are no such trees in the Yellow River Delta. After careful research, the reserve has built 115 artificial nests for oriental storks, which proves to be effective. The reporter saw that the bird’s nest with a diameter of more than 2 meters on the high cement pole was quite eye-catching.

　　At the same time, since 2002, the local area has taken advantage of the favorable opportunity of the Yellow River to adjust water and sediment to replenish water, and successively implemented habitat protection projects for key species such as oriental white stork and black-billed gull, and the species and number of birds have increased significantly.

　　"Water is the life of the wetland. There are water, fish and birds." Tianpeng Wang, the stationmaster of the 1,200-meter management station in the nature reserve, said that continuous water supply for many years has effectively curbed the degradation of wetlands, restored the ecology, and steadily increased the biodiversity of wetlands, attracting more and more birds to inhabit and breed here. According to the introduction of Shandong Yellow River Bureau, Diaokou River was the flow path of the Yellow River before its diversion in 1976. Since 2010, the ecological water supply of this flow path has reached 381 million cubic meters.

　　Because of the strict requirements for breeding sites, the black-billed gull, a national first-class protected bird, is often regarded as an indicator species of wetland ecological environment changes, and is listed in the Red Book of Endangered Animals in China and the Red List of Endangered Species of IUCN. In 1992, two breeding grounds of black-billed gull were discovered for the first time in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve. Since then, its population has been expanding. The survey this spring showed that its breeding population exceeded 10,000 for the first time.

　　The reporter learned that the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is also the largest new wetland natural vegetation area along the coast of China, with 1,630 species of wild animals and 685 species of plants respectively. Xu Mingde, secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the management committee of the nature reserve, said that they insisted on using an ecological approach to manage the ecology, and the wetland area of the nature reserve has increased by 12.3% and 188 square kilometers since 2017.

　　The endless wings of Suaeda salsa dye the vast beaches red. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Xulei photo

　　It is understood that the Yellow River Estuary National Park, which is integrated from eight nature reserves such as the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, has entered the stage of creation and implementation. In line with the goal of building the first land-sea integrated national park in China, the local government is solidly promoting a series of ecological protection and restoration projects to promote a healthier ecosystem and further enhance biodiversity.