The annual Tomb-Sweeping Day is coming. Do you plan to go back to your hometown to visit graves and pay homage to your ancestors? Go for a walk to sweep graves, burn paper money, set off firecrackers, and eat green mugs … … It has always been a tradition in Tomb-Sweeping Day, China to offer sacrifices to the dead and mourn for the living. In foreign countries, many countries also have such a special day, with a variety of festivals and ceremonies, to pin their grief on the deceased relatives and friends and martyrs. So, when is the "Tomb-Sweeping Day" abroad? In what ways will they commemorate their ancestors and express their thoughts? Let’s take a look at the best "Tomb-Sweeping Day" abroad!

　　The most patriotic "Tomb-Sweeping Day": the United States, Israelis and Tanzanians.

　　American "fallen soldier’s day" shows people’s love for their country.

　　Memorial Day in the United States is to mourn the American soldiers killed in various wars. It was designated as a national holiday by the federal government in 1971, and the date is the last Monday in May. At first, people only paid homage to all the war victims on the "Memorial Day", and later it gradually evolved into a general family to pay homage to their deceased relatives.

　　Memorial Day is not only an important festival to show patriotism to Americans, but also represents the official start of summer among the people. Many beaches, amusement parks, summer ferries on small islands, etc. will start to operate from the weekend of that week. Due to the three-day holiday in a row, many Americans went to the suburbs for a barbecue, went to the seaside to have fun or visited museums, etc., resulting in serious traffic congestion.

　　Israel: mourning for a series of national anniversaries

　　On April 15th, 2015, Israel held an annual memorial ceremony for the victims of the Holocaust at Yad Wehim Holocaust Memorial Hall in Jerusalem.

　　The Israeli people continuously commemorate the Holocaust Remembrance Day, the Martyrs’ Remembrance Day and Israel’s National Independence Day around May of the Gregorian calendar every year. The anniversary of the Israeli Holocaust is determined according to the Jewish calendar, and it varies from year to year according to the AD calendar.

　　As the Palestinian-Israeli conflict continues, causing great casualties to Israel, these seemingly official festivals are actually directly connected with the feelings of thousands of families in Israel. Whenever these days come, Israelis will come to the graves of their relatives with flowers and candles in their hands, and use the unique customs of the Jewish nation — — Put stones symbolizing eternity on the tombstones of relatives to express their inner grief. Many tombstones are laid flat, so that there can be a larger area on the tombstones to carry the stones entrusted by relatives and friends.

　　Tanzania: "Mourning Festival" mourns the martyrs of the War of Independence.

　　Tanzania is one of the cradles of ancient humans. In the 7th-8th century, Arabs and Persians moved into this area, and in the 19th century, colonial forces from Germany and Britain invaded one after another. In order to strive for independence, the Tanzanian people waged a heroic struggle with the colonists. In 1961, Tanganyika declared independence, in December 1963, Zanzibar declared independence, and in 1964, the two formed a United Republic, which was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania in October of the same year.

　　In order to mourn the martyrs who died for their country in the War of Independence, the Tanzanian people designated September 2nd every year as "Mourning Day". On this day, people voluntarily go to the cemetery to offer flowers and sweep the graves. National leaders also visit the Martyrs Cemetery to pay homage, and some people also offer wreaths in front of the monument in Independence Square to express their grief for the martyrs.

　　The most environmentally friendly "Tomb-Sweeping Day": Singaporean and Russian.

　　Russia: Painting eggs in front of the tomb with fake flowers instead of real receptacle mourning

　　Every year from the end of April to the beginning of May, Russians visit the graves of their deceased relatives with their families. This festival is Russia’s Day of Remembrance of the Dead. The name of Memorial Day in Russian is "Radonica", which literally shows no sadness. According to Russian linguists’ research, the name comes from the words "birth" and "happiness". This festival is specially arranged after Easter, so that people should not be sad for the loss of their loved ones, but should be glad for them to rest in another world.

　　On the Day of Remembrance of the Dead, Russians will visit the graves of their deceased relatives and pay homage to them. According to the traditional custom, they will offer eggs painted with colorful patterns in front of the tomb, which is said to pray for the blessing of the dead. In addition, they will also provide food such as sweet milk cake, pie and fruit soup, and plant flowers and plants around the cemetery. After the memorial service, the whole family will have a simple dinner in front of the tomb. Everyone will drink a glass of vodka, but they can’t touch glasses or talk when drinking. Devout Orthodox believers go to the church to light candles for the deceased before going to the cemetery, pray for the soul of the deceased to rest in peace, and collect holy water and sprinkle it in front of the cemetery. Today, some details of the memorial ceremony have changed. For example, in the past, Russians placed flowers in front of cemeteries, but now they use more and more beautifully made fake flowers. On the one hand, fake flowers can last longer, and on the other hand, fake flowers are relatively cheaper than real flowers.

　　Singapore: government-customized incineration barrels are easy to clean.

　　Compared with Tomb-Sweeping Day, Chinese Singaporeans pay more attention to the "Mid-Yuan Festival" on July 15th of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it that all ghosts were released in the underworld on that day, and people generally carried out activities of offering sacrifices to ghosts. In order not to affect hygiene and facilitate cleaning, Singapore’s incineration barrels are customized by the government and placed in front of the house every July for people to burn paper.

　　There is also a special performance in the Chinese-speaking areas of Singapore to entertain ghosts, which the local Fujian people call "July Song Tai" or "Song Tai" for short. Generally speaking, a singing stage is set up on an open space, decorated with audio equipment and lighting, and rows of chairs are placed in the audience, while the chairs in the first row are usually vacant and reserved for "good brothers" (ghosts). Stage performances are usually arranged at night, including humorous short plays, magic, strong songs and dances, etc., and performances are held throughout the seventh month of the lunar calendar.

　　The happiest "Tomb-Sweeping Day": Philippine, Mexican.

　　Philippines: Set up tents and sing K-style family gatherings.

　　On November 1, 2008, in a cemetery in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, a boy was cleaning up the tombstones of his relatives.

　　Filipinos usually sweep graves for their deceased relatives on Halloween and All Souls’ Day every autumn. They will set up tents in cemeteries for the night and hold various entertainment activities to remember their loved ones in a happy atmosphere. Halloween and All Souls’ Day are the most popular days of the year in the Philippines. On the day before Halloween, the grave keeper will clean the cemetery and the surrounding roads to welcome grave sweepers. On Halloween, many people rushed to the cemetery and set up tents for the night.

　　When sweeping graves, Filipinos will not only offer flowers and sacrifices to their deceased relatives, but also prepare food and various entertainment activities for themselves. At the graves of relatives, some people pray, some cook, some play poker, some play guitar, and some even sing karaoke, as if they were holding a lively family gathering. A Philippine media commented that Halloween and All Souls’ Day are not only festivals for the dead, but also festivals for the living.

　　Mexico: Celebration to welcome the dead home is included in the intangible heritage.

　　Mexico’s Day of the Dead is divided into two days. Every year, November 1st is the "Young Spirit Day" to pay homage to the dead children, and November 2nd is the "Soul Festival" to pay tribute to the dead adults. At this time, Mexicans will set up altars at home, filled with flowers, candy, decorations, etc., to welcome their deceased relatives home, or set up banquets in cemeteries, play music and wait for celebrations all night. Mexican aborigines believe that death is not a sad thing, but should welcome the dead home with songs and dances and colorful celebrations.

　　The Day of the Dead originated from the ancient Mexican indigenous Indian culture. After the Spanish came to the New World in the 16th century, the Western Catholic Halloween was combined with the ancient Indian tradition of offering sacrifices to the dead, thus gradually forming today’s Day of the Dead. In 2003, UNESCO listed Mexico Day for the Dead as an intangible cultural heritage. Although Mexico’s "Day of the Dead" is similar to other western countries, it essentially inherits the Indian tradition and shows Indian cultural characteristics, as well as their unique humor and ideas about life and death. In their view, death is not the end of life. The dead will go to another happy world and enjoy the beginning of a new life.

　　The most religious "Tomb-Sweeping Day": Cambodian and Polish.

　　Cambodia: It is an important activity to go to the temple to sacrifice the dead.

　　Buddhism is the main religion in Cambodia, so the "Tomb-Sweeping Day" in Cambodia is also very religious. The Day of the Dead, held from October 1 to 15 in the Buddhist calendar every year, is the most solemn festival in Cambodia, with the theme of remembering the dead and worshiping the ancestors. The content of the Day of the Dead is very rich. Every family will go out for an outing, have a picnic, visit relatives and friends while paying homage to their ancestors, and various activities will be held in various places, such as buffalo race, wrestling competition, stick performance and so on.

　　Sacrifice in the temple is the most important activity of the Day of the Dead. At that time, every household should bring sacrifices and go to the temple to worship, and almost all Buddhist temples, big or small, will be full. If possible, they will take food to Buddhist temples every day, and some people can even go to three or four Buddhist temples to give alms in one morning; If there are no conditions, you can only go to one or two Buddhist temples once or twice in 15 days, but you must go. According to the Khmer national tradition, the more Buddhist temples you go to, the more merits you accumulate.

　　Poland: Mass to pray for the dead

　　November 2nd every year is a traditional festival for Poles to remember the dead, which is called Day of the Dead, and it follows Halloween on November 1st. Today, in Poland, the memorial activities for the dead are mainly concentrated on November 1. On this day, people go to the cemetery to sweep graves, and the elderly light candles symbolizing the immortality of the deceased, so that children can offer them sacrifices to educate future generations not to forget their ancestors. They will also display bouquets, baskets or other decorations to commemorate their old friends.

　　According to the traditional explanation of Poland, the Day of the Dead began to spread in the 12th century, and it was not accepted by people all over the country until the end of 15th century. Besides sweeping graves, Poles also go to mass and pray for the dead. (Text Image Source: Xinhuanet, Overseas Network Editor: Tian Ming, Intern Li Xia)

　　Cctv newsIn order to remind users to correctly purchase and use gas appliances, prevent and resolve gas safety risks, and effectively protect people’s lives and property safety, the General Administration of Market Supervision issued four types of gas appliances product quality and safety risk tips, including gas cookers, connecting hoses for gas, pressure regulators for bottled liquefied petroleum gas, and combustible gas detectors.

　　The market supervision department will focus on industrial products with large safety risks, strengthen quality and safety supervision, keep the bottom line of product quality and safety, and ensure high-quality development with high-level safety.

Risk warning of gas cooker

Gas cookers are gas burning appliances that directly heat cooking utensils with fire, among which domestic gas cookers are compulsory certified products (CCC certified products). Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some domestic gas cookers have potential risks in terms of heat load, carbon monoxide concentration in dry flue gas (indoor type) and gas conduit.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Pay attention to the product nameplate when purchasing, and confirm whether the product name and model, the type of gas used, the rated gas supply pressure, the rated heat load and other information are complete. Pay attention to check whether there is CCC certification mark for domestic gas stoves.

2. The product structure of gas cookers with different gas sources is different, and the appropriate products should be selected according to the types of gas sources.

3. Pay attention to check whether there is a flameout protection device.

4. Gas cookers should be installed by professionals in strict accordance with the requirements of the manual and relevant regulations.

5. Regularly clean the places that are easy to be blocked, such as the fire cover and nozzle, so as to keep the gas cooker in the best combustion condition. When cleaning, try not to disassemble the burner components as much as possible, and be careful not to damage the gas pipeline, so as not to cause gas leakage accidents.

6. The national mandatory standards stipulate that the life of household gas cookers should be 8 years from the date of sale, and the gas cookers that exceed the service life should be replaced in time.

7. Encourage users to install and use gas smart meters, gas leakage safety protection devices, self-closing valves, independent smoke fire detectors, combustible gas detection alarms and other protection devices to actively prevent gas leakage risks.

8 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of connecting hose for gas

The connecting hose for gas is an important part of the connecting pipeline of gas appliances or the pressure regulator of bottled liquefied petroleum gas. The commonly used ones are stainless steel corrugated hose, rubber and plastic hose, metal-coated hose, etc. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some connecting hoses for gas have potential risks in terms of flexibility, hose length, tensile strength and hose joint thread.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Stainless steel corrugated hose and metal-coated hose have good bending performance, strength, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, which can effectively prevent external damage or insect bites.

2. Users should purchase products with product name, specification, manufacturer’s name, product standard number and other information; For rubber and plastic hoses, the above information, production date and service life should be marked every 300mm or on a single hose.

3. When using stainless steel corrugated hose, we should pay attention to whether the use and connection form of hose are consistent with gas appliances; When using rubber and plastic hoses, clamps should be used to fix them at the joints at both ends.

4. Rubber and plastic hoses should be installed below the height of the stove surface, away from the flame, so as to avoid flame baking accelerating the aging of hoses; The service length shall not exceed 2m, and it shall not cross walls, ceilings, floors, doors and windows, and it shall not be used under bending, stretching, torsion and compression.

5. Gas connecting hoses should be inspected and replaced regularly, especially rubber and plastic hoses that are found to be hardened, aged, cracked and loose or exceed the service life (the service life stipulated by national mandatory standards is not more than 3 years), and should be replaced in time.

6 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of pressure regulator for bottled liquefied petroleum gas

The pressure regulator for bottled liquefied petroleum gas (hereinafter referred to as the pressure regulator) is an accessory for burning appliances after reducing the high pressure of liquefied petroleum gas in gas cylinders to a fixed low pressure. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some voltage regulators have potential risks in product structure (with adjustable function) and outlet pressure.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. According to the national mandatory standards, the rated outlet pressures of household regulators and commercial regulators are 2.8kPa and 2.8kPa/5.0kPa respectively, and the outlet pressure of each regulator is fixed and cannot be adjusted during use. If the outlet pressure is too high, it may lead to gas leakage at the pipeline joint or directly fall off, or it may produce toxic and harmful gases due to insufficient combustion, which has obvious safety risks.

2. The outlet pressure of the commonly known medium-pressure valve is generally higher than 50kPa or even several hundred kPa, and it has a regulating function, which has a huge safety hazard. It is not allowed to use the medium-pressure valve instead of the voltage regulator.

3. The voltage regulator is a special industrial product, so it is not suitable to buy it at will. It is recommended to buy it in a professional unit that operates such products and listen to the advice of professionals. When the outlet of household voltage regulator is a hose connector, products with over-current cut-off safety devices should be selected.

4. Give priority to the voltage regulator products with the manufacturer’s name, trademark, model, production date, service life and gas flow direction marked on the shell. When purchasing, check that the product packaging should be accompanied by instructions, inspection certificates and other materials.

5. Incorrect installation may easily lead to abnormal operation of the voltage regulator, so it should be installed, replaced and maintained by professionals in strict accordance with relevant regulations and specifications.

6. Conduct regular safety inspection. Use high-concentration detergent water and soapy water to smear on the joints and interfaces of the voltage regulator shell first, and then open the valve of the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder. If there is foam, it means air leakage, and it should be replaced in time.

7 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

Risk warning of combustible gas detector

Combustible gas detector is a device with alarm function of gas leakage and incomplete combustion. Through product quality supervision and spot check, it is found that some household combustible gas detectors have potential risks in alarm action value, alarm repeatability, orientation and low concentration operation.

Users are reminded to pay attention to the following points when purchasing and using:

1. Combustible gas detectors are generally divided into natural gas type, liquefied petroleum gas type, artificial gas type, etc., and corresponding alarms should be selected according to the types of gas used. When purchasing, pay attention to the information such as the type of detection gas, power supply mode and production date on the nameplate.

2. When installing, it should be installed in a suitable position according to the requirements of the manual to avoid being installed in a sheltered place or a place that is easy to be polluted. Before use, start the self-check function of the alarm to confirm that the product has entered the normal monitoring state, and observe whether the indicator light is in the normal working state.

3. During use, keep the power on for a long time to avoid frequent power off and power on. Pay attention to the regular cleaning and maintenance of the product to avoid the blockage of the air inlet. After restarting, it is necessary to start the self-inspection function again to ensure the normal functions.

4. If an alarm is given, turn off the gas valve first, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and do not turn on the light or turn on any electrical switch. Find out the cause of gas leakage. If the cause cannot be confirmed, contact the gas company immediately for treatment.

5. If the service life is indicated in the product manual, the products that exceed the service life should be replaced in time.

6 resolutely resist and refuse to buy "three noes" products without factory name and address, quality certificate and production date.

1905 movie network news In a blink of an eye, from spring to summer, the race has been more than half. The sixth program broadcast on May 17 finally showed a dramatic turning point: the new wave class, which lost five times in a row, now won quite a beautiful Jedi counterattack; Montage class just changed its monitor and entered the elimination dinner. Chen Hongzhi, the old monitor, "took the blame" for elimination, and Pu Yixing, the "new official", mastered the power of life and death when he took office. All kinds of mistakes, rebirth, choices and contradictions are swarming, and this game is getting bigger and bigger.

Who says the school flower is just a vase? Wang Jingwen became the first key figure in the new wave.

　

The star tutor of this issue is Zray, the "Liu Xing" in Family with Children. When he grew up, he came to New Youth in Film. He never thought that he would become a "lucky star" for eight young people. Why do you say that? In the first five programs, the New Wave class was defeated repeatedly, and after five elimination dinners, there were only eight people left in the whole team. When Zray came, the plot of the whole program began a huge reversal, and the New Wave class finally won! This statement is actually just a joke. After watching this program carefully, you will find that the Jedi counterattack of the New Wave class is really wonderful.

　

First of all, after the fierce conflict between Zhao Ye and Cao Lei at the last elimination dinner, the members of the New Wave class seemed to instantly understand the meaning of teamwork. In the first round of "Braving the Single-plank Bridge", Zhao Ye and Cao Lei fought side by side, and Cao Lei was injured three times, but his mentality remained optimistic, which also changed Zhao Ye’s view of "only shouting and making little contribution". Secondly, after losing so many games in a row, every team member died. The most classic is what Merxat Ayi said: "Just try props and have fun." The heart is put down, but the world is broadened.

　

Here, I want to give 32 praises to Wang Jingwen, the school flower of Shangxi. In this issue, Wang Jingwen showed a rare leadership temperament among female students: First, in the first round of competition, Chen Jianhan fell, but the squad leader Zhao Ye still advocated "rushing", and Wang Jingwen resolutely opposed it, thinking that teammate safety is the bottom line, and the winning and losing heart must stand aside; Secondly, the "human bone puzzle" link, when Wang Jingwen directed his blindfolded teammates to take the puzzle, his speech was neat and orderly, which was also the key to the final victory of the new wave class. Even Zhao Ye had to admit defeat, and his voice was hoarse when he was emotional, which was not conducive to the cooperation between teammates.

　

Think back to what Laure Shang, the last tutor, said: Why are there so many masters left in the New Wave class, but they still fail again and again? It is precisely because the powerful are not United, falling apart and scheming that there is absolutely no hope of victory. In this issue, President Liu Yiwei fulfilled his promise of "changing hair style as long as the new wave class wins" and wore an exaggerated wig. This scene is so inspiring and touching. Although the victory is only temporary, life needs such feedback, so that we can feel the meaning of struggle.

　

Chen Hongzhi’s "stepping down" still makes the loser bear the consequences of failure for the behind-the-scenes strategist

　

Although the montage class suffered from waterloo in this issue, as the soul of this group, Chen Hongzhi’s performance was outstanding: at the beginning of the program, Chen Hongzhi resigned as the monitor on the grounds of "giving the leadership to everyone to experience", and Pu Yixing, who has always been cold, went into battle. Some people say that this decision was the direct cause of the first defeat of the montage class, and even Chen Hongzhi himself felt guilty for it, and asked everyone to "throw himself out" when he eliminated the dinner party. But in fact, this is not the case. The most important issue in the failure of Montage Class is teamwork, and the responsibility for failure must not be put on a leader.

　

For example, in "Braving the Single-plank Bridge", Lu Song had problems in cooperation with his teammates, and even his emotions were out of control, which had a great impact on the psychological state of the whole team members. In addition, although the montage class is numerous and powerful, it is by no means an elite, and it happens that the new wave class also left Chen Jianhan, the academic bully who answered the questions with "one hundred shots and one hundred hits", and there is nothing to be unconvinced by losing to them; There is also the link of "human bone puzzle", in which Chen Mengqin sent by montage class is in a state of confusion due to poor command, and his partner Ma Xiao has a little emotion again. Compared with the strong combination like Wang Jingwen and Zhao Ye, the strength gap is obvious.

　

The team problem of montage class is more obvious at the elimination dinner. After the first round of voting, Zhang Yixiao and Chen Mengqin were decided by girls, while Lu Song and Xiao Junlun were decided by boys. When Xiao Junlun was eliminated, some girls had the same votes, and the new monitor Pu Yixing hesitated. Xiao Junlun actually asked to keep Chen Mengqin on the spot because they were partners. At this time, Lu Song refused to accept it again, and also told Pu Yixing that Zhang Yixiao attached great importance to this platform.

　

Therefore, Chen Hongzhi showed great talent in this link, because Pu Yixing took his advice and decided to eliminate Chen Mengqin, who failed in performance. "Since you choose to play, you will have more opportunities for shots and performance. If you fail, you will have to bear the price." Although Chen Hongzhi’s "taking the blame and seeking elimination" is a bit fishy, even if it is fishy, it is the work of a generation of bullies. In the final decision-making, Chen Hongzhi is even more calm and wise: the deep affection between the players is understandable, but the survival of the fittest should be ensured when eliminated, thus ensuring the quality of the team. The strong rely on strength, and the weak will only fight for feelings.

　

The war of "Movie New Youth" is still going on. How about the next issue? Let’s lock in the movie channel at 20:15 every Sunday night.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, August 12 (Reporter Kan Feng) The era of "two children in an all-round way" is coming. In the next few years, China’s preschool education resources are bound to face new challenges. According to a survey report released by MyCOS Research Institute recently, the proportion of graduates from China University who are engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years.

　　Market demand release of preschool education

　　— — The employment ratio of "children and preschool education" has increased continuously for five years.

　　This survey on the employment situation of preschool education industry is based on Max’s follow-up survey on the employment situation of China University graduates from 2012 to 2016. The national sample of each graduate is more than 250,000.

　　Based on the employment data of college students from 2012 to 2016, the survey found that the proportion of China college students engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years after graduation. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduates engaged in "preschool education" was 0.6%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.4%; In 2012, the proportion of vocational college students engaged in "preschool education" was 0.5%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.7%.

　　The contribution of female college students is indispensable to the growth of preschool education team. According to the survey, in the past five years, the proportion of female students engaged in "preschool education" has increased by 1.2 percentage points, and the proportion of female students in higher vocational colleges has increased by as much as 2 percentage points. Among the graduates of 2016, more than 90% of the college students who joined the preschool education industry are women (undergraduate: 90%, higher vocational college: 94%).

　　Comparatively speaking, the proportion of male college students joining the preschool education team has been relatively stable in the past five years. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduate and vocational college boys engaged in "preschool education" was 0.1%, which increased to 0.3% and 0.2% respectively in 2016.

　　Data Map: Children and teachers in the first branch of experimental kindergarten in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province experience architectural design in the game. Photo by Huang Leizhen

　　The monthly income of undergraduate graduates is 3504 yuan.

　　— —The salary of preschool education industry is not high, but the employment satisfaction is high.

　　The demand for employment is rising, so what is the income of college students entering the preschool education industry?

　　According to Michaels’ survey, from the perspective of employment quality, college graduates engaged in the vocational category of "preschool education" show the characteristics of low income but high job satisfaction.

　　Specifically, among the 2016 undergraduate graduates, the monthly income of the occupational group engaged in "early childhood and preschool education" is 3,504 yuan after half a year’s graduation, which is 872 yuan lower than the national undergraduate average (4,376 yuan); However, the employment satisfaction (67%) is slightly higher than the national undergraduate average (66%).

　　Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges in 2016, they are engaged in the occupational group of "early childhood and preschool education". The monthly income after graduation for half a year is 2,706 yuan, which is 893 yuan lower than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (3,599 yuan). However, the employment satisfaction (68%) is significantly higher than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (63%).

　　According to the survey report, "low income" is the main reason why the graduates in the preschool education industry are dissatisfied with the employment situation. With the expansion of the demand for talents in preschool education industry in the future, more jobs related to preschool education will be opened to college graduates. In order to attract and retain talents, how to optimize the gender ratio and improve the overall employment environment in a targeted manner will be a problem that needs to be considered in the development of the industry.

　　Professional expertise is more popular.

　　— — There is a great demand for English majors in preschool education.

　　The close relationship between the work and the major is another feature of preschool education.

　　According to the above survey, 80% of undergraduate graduates in 2016 are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education", and 74% are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education" in 2016.

　　Among undergraduate graduates, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, English and musicology respectively. Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, special education and applied English.

　　According to the report, there is a high correlation between work and major, which shows that the occupational category of "early childhood and preschool education" favors job seekers with "professional expertise". This includes not only graduates from pre-school education majors, but also graduates with professional skills such as art and foreign languages.

　　It can be observed that English majors have appeared in the above-mentioned professions with a high proportion of preschool education, both undergraduates and vocational college students. According to the report, "this can reflect from the side that English education is highly valued in the field of preschool education at present". (End)

When food in online celebrity creates gimmicks and false prosperity, those delicious and cheap foods are gradually disappearing because they are squeezed out of living space.

Recently, my friends are particularly keen to push me all kinds of online celebrity delicacies in Little X books.　

For example, there are green to luminous milk teas that can be powdered:

Durian wrapped in fat sausage with stinky smell;

Watermelon cold noodles that were only seen in funny pictures before:

I can’t imagine what it is:

Fire attribute ice cream assassin chili pepper chicken ice cream:

And I don’t know why I have to put the food in the bag instead of the crayfish bag in the bowl:

Wait, wait, wait.　

In a word, online celebrity’s "delicious food" is outrageous now, not only beyond my imagination, but also beyond my understanding.　

In this issue, I want to talk about why the destination of online celebrity cuisine is dark cuisine from a commercial point of view.

Before the emergence of social networks, there was no concept of online celebrity, let alone online celebrity cuisine.　

The earliest online celebrity cuisine in China, I think it should be opened in 2012.Huangtaiji pancakes.　

Huang Taiji’s slogan is to make pancakes with Internet thinking.

The boss, He Chang, was born in Baidu and worked in Google and 4A advertising company. It is estimated that he has accumulated a lot of slang words such as "empowerment", "dimensionality reduction" and "iteration". I feel that I can use internet thinking to transform everything.　

But his so-called internet thinking now seems to be a hot search.

Many people may remember that the local marketing of "the boss drives a Mercedes-Benz to deliver pancakes" once caused great repercussions in Weibo. The boss who drives Mercedes-Benz is He Chang.　

That year, Weibo was a new social platform. Huang Taiji made various stunts in Weibo, including driving pancake fruit into Beijing CBD, looking for beautiful women to send pancakes, claiming to build McDonald’s in China, and so on.　

A lot of later online celebrity store’s gameplay can be found here in Huang Taiji.

For example, the machine that picks up the meal printed a small ticket with all kinds of chicken soup copy, which is still done in Modern China Tea Shop.　

There are also nostalgic illustrations of "Gourd Baby" and "Transformers" on the wall, which can be regarded as the forerunner of the nostalgic theme online celebrity store.　

In addition, it is expensive. Huang Taiji dared to sell pancakes for 9 yuan ten years ago. To some extent, he is also the ancestor of ice cream assassins and tea lovers.

Taking advantage of the influence brought by Weibo, Huang Taiji triggered a craze for punching cards in Beijing. Followed by a group of "Internet thinking" online celebrity restaurants such as Master Diao, Funiutang and Master Xi.　

This batch of "Internet catering" is the first generation of online celebrity cuisine in China.　

To sum up their characteristics, it is nothing more than bragging seriously, making gimmicks seriously and selling high prices seriously.

As for the food itself, the pancake is still the pancake, and the Chinese hamburger is still the Chinese hamburger. There is nothing innovative, but it does not reach the level of dark cooking.

It’s just that the first generation of online celebrity all died relatively quickly, and few of them lived for four years.　

The idea of the second generation of online celebrity cuisine is essentially a stunt, but they gradually find it difficult to sell traditional food under the name of "Internet thinking".　

Because the purpose of the first generation of online celebrity cuisine is actually tovc, which is aimed at investors. The purpose is to tell investors that my stuff is different. Come and vote for me quickly.　

But with the failure of the first generation of online celebrity cuisine, investors have become smarter. You can’t just tell me the concept of PPT, you have to show me the market effect.　

Therefore, the second generation of online celebrity cuisine basically operates the products as online celebrity itself.

Just in the explosive period of social networks, they are keenly aware that it doesn’t matter what guests come to eat at all. It is the most important thing to take photos and send them to social media.

Then the most effective way is to make the products look good and the store decoration look beautiful, all for the convenience of people taking pictures.　

Besides, how can you continue to create false prosperity when you regard products as online celebrity?　

It’s very simple, that is, buy traffic, brush data and put it offline, that is, don’t I just hire people to queue up? Wouldn’t it be nice to send a press release to report that many people are waiting in line? Why don’t you just ask someone to post and send photos on social media?　

In this way, in a short period of time, when consumers see this thing, I’m going to try it. When investors see it, boy, your photos are all over the Internet, as if the whole country is your consumers, and two or three cities are so exaggerated. How can we wait until the whole country is full? Throw it quickly.　

The third generation of online celebrity cuisine, on the basis of the second generation, continues to be extreme.

Because since the first generation of online celebrity cuisine, the categories selected by everyone are basically difficult to copy, and the means of making products look good and inviting people to queue up have become more and more complicated, and consumers are also visually tired.　

As a result, online celebrity cuisine is distorted and begins to develop in the direction of "weirdness". What is important is to be out of line, and what is important is to be out of place.

The appearance of short videos also makes online celebrity cuisine pay attention to "playing" besides visual modeling.

Short videos need not only a good look, but also food that can provide surprise and excitement in 15 seconds, which can be played well, so it is suitable for sending short videos.　

Therefore, the answer that can be used for divination is hot, the DIY menu of Haidilao is hot, and Xi’ an throws a bowl of wine.　

It can be seen that in the three stages of online celebrity cuisine, the taste is actually becoming less and less important.

In the early days, "Internet catering" would talk to you about "Your taste buds are not open yet", but later, online celebrity cuisine only cares about whether it can produce good-looking photos, and then eat them after taking them.　

In the era of short video, no one cares about eating or not, and entertainment is the most important thing.

If you are an old-school gourmet or a restaurant practitioner, you will definitely find it difficult to understand. Traditionally, cooking has underlying logic, and food has basic principles. Innovation is ok, but adaptation is not random, and joking is not nonsense.　

What about online celebrity cuisine? It completely jumped out of this thinking and opened up a brand-new standard:　

Since it’s online celebrity cuisine, as long as it’s popular, it’s delicious. To become a online celebrity cuisine, the biggest threshold is not delicious, but red.

Anyway, there are always people who want to try the shops in line.　

Even if the taste buds tell you that it’s not delicious, the time cost of queuing and dozens of praises from friends circle will forcibly correct your taste buds, transform your memory and make you shout out "yyds".　

Then the question comes, how to make a product become online celebrity?

In the video of Chili sauce before, I quoted a concept:　

You put some meat in the rice, which is called fried rice. Put some rice in the meat, that’s online celebrity fried rice.

You put cheese in milk tea, which is called milk tea. But if you put some milk tea in the cheese, it is online celebrity milk tea.

If the proportion of a certain raw material is enlarged disproportionately, and then the user’s perception is enlarged, it will be easy to draw the online celebrity model.

I didn’t invent this sentence, but I would like to call it online celebrity’s first law, because it points out from a far-sighted perspective that online celebrity’s basic attribute "perception" is "out of proportion" to the basic methodology for creating online celebrity.

Let’s start with perception.　

In my opinion, anything that can arouse people’s senses to a great extent has the potential of online celebrity objectively. Online celebrity is synonymous with the department of senses.　

Online celebrity is the ultimate commercialization, giving incentives on one hand and delivering traffic on the other. If the audit can pass, the more incentives you give, the more traffic you will get. Fair trade is fair.　

If the methods of making money are written in the criminal law, then the methods of making money are written in the audit rules.

Why sensory stimulation is so important, we will talk about it here.Internet recommendation algorithmYes.　

The recommendation algorithm is actually similar to fighting monsters. A piece of content needs to go through traffic pools from small to large, and finally it can become an explosive content.　

When you post a piece of content on the network platform, it will be assigned to a small traffic pool.　

Users in this traffic pool can see your content appear on his mobile phone screen. Generally speaking, the size of this initial traffic pool is about a few hundred to more than a thousand users.　

Whether this content can continue to spread or stop here depends entirely on whether these users open your content, whether they leave messages, like it or forward it, and how high the broadcast rate and reading rate are.

If the data indicators are good enough, then your content will be recommended to the next larger traffic pool even if it is successful. There are tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of users here, and your content will be judged by them.　

At this point, what you can see is that the recommended volume and reading volume of your content will increase by leaps and bounds.　

If your content is still good in their place, then by analogy, this content will be pushed to a larger traffic pool for inspection until it meets a traffic pool that it can’t conquer, or its life cycle will naturally end with time.　

Then, it is human nature that can really run through all the traffic pools and successfully attack the advanced level at every level.

Humanity here contains various elements. Positive emotions such as emotion, sympathy and blood can hit human nature, and so can things such as curiosity, desire and hatred that can’t be on the table.

Find the greatest common denominator of human nature, and you will find the so-called traffic password.　

The direct sensory stimulation is the greatest common denominator of human nature. After all, everyone’s emotional points may be different, but no one has eyes, ears, nose and mouth.　

So how to strengthen perception? It depends on "disproportionality."

Let me give you an example. Why do you want to open your thin face and big eyes to the maximum, resulting in disproportionately high eyes, high nose and pointed chin?　

Many people say that this disproportion is not good-looking.　

But this kind of thing, what is important is not that some people say it looks good, but that more people like it, and the data is not lying.　

The same principle is applied in all fields involving online celebrity.　

Here, emotional bloggers are disproportionately writing small essays, spreading dog blood and selling grievances.　

Here in the scenic spots of online celebrity, it is to create various visual wonders disproportionately, and to lay out punch-in photography spots.　

Here in online celebrity cuisine, it is to pile up materials disproportionately, forcing ingredients that look incompatible with each other. Add ingredients that can stimulate appetite, such as oil and carbohydrate, to the ingredients, and it is best to make them colorful, which is called "making slices".　

Media is an extension of human beings, but this extension is lame. Internet media only pays attention to audio-visual senses, and other sensory stimuli cannot be solved.　

What online celebrity can do is to increase the amount of audio-visual stimulation.　

However, the audio-visual stimulation is constantly increasing, and the balance of the senses is constantly being destroyed. Finally, some wonderful things will inevitably exist.　

For example, net red face, chopsticks legs, A4 waist, clip sound and bubble sound. For example, online celebrity Dark Cuisine.　

Out of proportion, enlarge the perception. With this methodology, we can create online celebrity cuisine.

Next, I will make an idea of online celebrity cuisine.　

For example, if I make a brand of milk tea, it’s called museum-style tea art. Is that okay with you?　

Before opening a shop, I want to develop an ace single product. Now, everyone likes wordy powder, coconut milk and duck excrement-scented lemon tea.　

Considering that it’s summer and it needs to be cool, I think drinks such as sparkling water will sell well.　

So I decided to launch a duck excrement fragrant coconut milk jelly bubble tea.　

Isn’t the name a little too common Then call it duck, duck, coconut, coconut ice, and it’s cold and delicious enough to make sparkling tea.

Tea is not enough. Why don’t you order dessert with milk tea? I went to the internet again and found that stinky tofu was very popular and thousand-layer cakes were very popular. So I decided to develop a stinky tofu and durian thousand layers, one layer of stinky tofu and one layer of durian, and what I want is the ultimate sense of smell. There are also two pieces of fried stinky tofu on the top to enhance visual perception.　

The consumer ran to my store and found that there was not even a queue, and it was no good. Hiring people to queue up is a routine means, and it is best to limit the sale once and for all. Duck, duck, coconut and coconut ice are so cold and delicious that bubbling tea is only served from 5 pm to 8 pm every day, and stinky tofu cakes are limited to 50 servings every day until they are sold out.　

It’s best to put a female panda punch card at the door, come to the store for tea, and take a photo with the female curator.　

By this time, almost venture capitalists should also pay attention to my museum-style tea art, and then there is the story of financing expansion and bankruptcy. You don’t have to fill in the holes you dug before, so you can kill two birds with one stone.　

Back to online celebrity cuisine. I think the pattern of defining online celebrity cuisine by "food" is still too small. online celebrity cuisine is a multi-dimensional and full-sensory stimulating product.　

In the so-called full senses, delicious food is the least important.

Taste has no power to spread, and it can’t be felt by people on the other side of the internet along the internet. This problem can’t be solved by 5G, 6G, and Metauniverse. Only by fast-forwarding to the killing network in the 22nd century, everyone can fast-forward to the back of the brain and intubate into The Matrix.　

But the visual and auditory communication ability is very strong.

You send a circle of friends for durian wrapped in fat sausage. Everyone can see the wonderful shape and visual impact.　

You take a short video of watermelon cold noodles, you breathe in the storm, and everyone can hear it.　

As I mentioned earlier, the media is an extension of people. But this extension is not an average extension. Our sight and hearing can go far, but our sense of touch, hearing, smell and taste can only stay where we are.

This determines that when the media interferes with normal life in turn, the better the audio-visual effect, the easier it is to get the favor of the media.　

Online celebrity cuisine is not a gourmet. Similarly, online celebrity scenic spots are not scenic spots, online celebrity Art Exhibition is not an art exhibition, online celebrity Gym is not a gym, and online celebrity Bookstore is not a bookstore.　

Although they are in the real world, their value exists in the cyber world, relying on network traffic and recommendation algorithms.So when you look at them on the Internet, you will always find chicken feathers on the spot.　

Most of the online celebrity blocks are 108,000 miles away from the urban area, and the nearby weeds are clustered to interpret the wilderness to survive;　

Online celebrity exhibition has nothing but a few wonderful photo punching points, telling you that art needs imagination with vivid cases;　

Online celebrity gym is not like a gym at all, but more like a nightclub, and the coach is not taking classes, but taking pictures;　

The books sold in online celebrity Bookstore are either small four or big ice, which is more like a chicken soup restaurant for the soul than a bookstore.　

So why do you think so many people are against ice cream assassins and online celebrity cuisine today? What is the root cause?

In my opinion, the real reason is that ordinary people are defending the ordinary, life and the right to choose.

Because in fact, when these online celebrity foods create gimmicks and create false prosperity, those delicious and cheap foods are gradually disappearing because they are squeezed out of living space.

I can accept being stabbed occasionally, but what should I do when I open the freezer and find an arsenal inside?　

I can accept the unusual form of food once in a while, but what should I do when I just want to talk about a bowl of powder and find that it is only cooked with milk tea?　

In a magical market, even keeping normal has become something we need to fight for.

This article is from WeChat WeChat official account "IC Lab" (ID: InsightsClub), written by IC Lab, published by 36Kr with authorization.

The 10 greatest people of all time.

One of Japan’s Big Four has had excellent motorcycles, but which one is the best?

a11-1

Heavy industry originated from shipbuilding in the late 1800s, and then developed into railway, aerospace and heavy engineering. After World War II, all these activities continued, but motorcycles entered the portfolio in 1949, and now, they are mainly famous for motorcycles. Since the first step into motorcycles, there have been some unforgettable motorcycles, and here are 10 greatest models.

10/10

1969 H1 Mach III

Red H1 studio shooting

Studio shooting of H1Mach3 in 1969.

Just like Honda’s CB750 civilized motorcycle, it runs counter to frankly crazy and dangerous H2. This is a 500cc three-cylinder two-stroke motorcycle with only one purpose: to win the traffic light resistance race. It weighs 383 pounds and is very light, but in order to achieve lightness, engineers cut the metal of each motorcycle part: the frame is made of thin tubes, the front fork is similar to a straw, and the rear shock absorber and swing arm are not stronger. The result is that a motorcycle can run a quarter mile in 12.4 seconds, and the speed is less than 120 mph, but what is more worrying is its performance in corners. Or it should be, it has no way of expression in the corner! The frame has great elasticity, and H2 was soon named widow maker. Legend has it that not many of the original owners of H2 survived!

9/10

1971H2 Mach LV

Blue H2 Mach 4

Studio shooting of blue H2 Mach 4.

In order to keep consistent with the Japanese theory, that is, more power equals higher speed, while ignoring the development of chassis, MachlV is equipped with a 748cc version of a two-stroke three-cylinder engine. Some changes have been made to the chassis to improve the handling slightly, and a disc brake has been installed on the front wheel to replace the overgrown drum brake of Machlll. However, MachLV is still a terrible bicycle, especially in high-speed corners, and the front wheel will be lifted with a slight movement of the accelerator. Both Machlll and MachlV have consolidated their reputation for making beautiful but extremely fast motorcycles.

8/10

1972 Z1

Shooting in Green Z1 Studio

Studio in Z1 in 1972

In 1972, Z1 was the best four-cylinder sport motorcycle in Japan. After Honda showed the road with CB750 in 1969, it responded with the iconic Z1, powered by a 903cc inline four-cylinder four-stroke engine with a power of 82 HP. This is the first large-displacement Japanese motorcycle equipped with double overhead camshafts. At that time, only MVAgusta750S used this technology, and the price was more than twice that of Z1. I have been studying the 750cc engine, but when Honda launched the CB750, the release was postponed until the 900cc version was ready. When it arrived, it redefined the performance of the sports bike at a top speed of 130 mph. More importantly, at this time, the art of chassis development has been mastered, and Z1 is several years ahead of Machlll and lV.

7/10

1984 GPz900

Red GPz900

Shooting in red GPz900 studio

Another landmark, not only because it appeared in Tom Cruise’s Top Gun. When it was introduced, it was the first motorcycle equipped with a water-cooled 16-valve DOHC in-line four-cylinder engine. Its 115 horsepower made its top speed exceed 150 mph, making it the fastest mass-produced motorcycle in the world. The engine is used as the stress component of the frame, which eliminates the bottom tube of the frame and allows the motor to be installed lower, thus improving the maneuverability. The first person to wear the ninja’s name, its position in motorcycle legend was guaranteed, even though Tom Cruise didn’t take Kelly McGillis to one of the biggest movies in the 1980s.

6/10

1988KR-1

KR-1 blue

Studio shooting of KR-1

In the 1980s, the 250cc class in the Grand Prix was still popular with Japanese racing teams Honda, Honda, Honda and Honda. In order to take advantage of this popularity, they all produced 250cc two-stroke road bikes, and KR-1 and KR-1S are the most powerful and fastest. They are also easy to adjust for higher performance. With an ultra-light weight of 271 pounds, 55 and 65 horsepower (KR-1 and KR-1S, respectively) make their displacement extremely fast, with a top speed of 139 mph. However, unlike the early Machlll and lV models, at this time, the chassis technology has been mastered, and fast driving in a straight line is no longer at the expense of turning power.

5/10

1988 Male Cat ZX-10

ZX-10 is standing in the warehouse.

The first three quarters of the red and white ZX-10 lens in the warehouse.

Throughout the 1980s, the power output was getting higher and higher. With the help of ZX-10, it won the title of the fastest motorcycle when it made its debut in 1988, with a top speed of 165 mph. The 997cc inline four-cylinder engine can produce 135 horsepower and is installed in the first aluminum peripheral frame of the. The model lasted only two years, and it was stronger (faster! ), ZX-10 series is still around us, and has won many championships in the world super motorcycle and other series.

4/10

1989ZX-7R

Green ZX-7R

Shooting in Green ZX-7R Studio

Although it has never been a great success in the Grand Prix, it has an enviable record in the production-based racing series such as the World Super Motorcycle Championship and the AMA Super Motorcycle Championship. The preferred weapon in the early 1990s was ZX-7R, a 750cc, 110 horsepower four-cylinder engine sports bicycle. Having said that, GSX-R750 circled it on the road when it arrived in 1996. Although ZX-7R is relatively heavy, it helps to maintain stability in straight lines and long and fast corners. It is fast and relatively simple, and is sought after by collectors today.

3/10

1990ZZ-R1100/ Ninja ZX-11

Blue ZX-11R

Blue ZX-10R studio shooting

Have you been striving for the highest production motorcycle speed record? Two years after the appearance of ZX-10, this beast ZX-11R appeared. The engine of ZX-10 has been expanded, and now it can produce 145 horses, and the top speed has been increased to 175 mph. It may be 32 years old now, but it is still ridiculously fast. Even better, ZX-11R is more comfortable than ZX-10, which is very suitable for long-distance riding, and it can also be thrilling in corners. If there were no ZX-11R, we might never have seen products like Honda CBR1100XX Super Blackbird or Hayabusa.

2/10

2015H2

Black/Green Ninja H2

Ninja H2′ s studio

When this bicycle appeared in 2015, it really changed the scene of performance bicycles. It already has a ZX-14 with a 1,400cc engine, while H2 may have only 1,000cc, but it also has a supercharger with a power output of more than 200 horsepower. H2 is the first mass-produced motorcycle equipped with supercharger, although turbocharger has been used on motorcycles for a period of time in 1980s. The 1,000cc route was chosen because the displacement is the core of the high-performance market. It is also closely related to racing, so the development of this field may penetrate into road bicycles and the rich professional knowledge gained in chassis and suspension development. For the whole series, it is a commendable flagship, but it is certainly not the motorcycle that has made the most headlines.

1/10

2015H2R

Black-green H2R

H2R’s studio

If you think standard H2 is crazy, what is H2R? Once again, the fastest motorcycle production record was obtained, although it was a non-road legal model. At that time, H2R, which was driven by several world super sports champions Kenan Sofoglu, reached a speed of 400 km/h (248 mph) on a suspension bridge in Turkey. The engine may be the same as the standard H2, but in H2R, it produces frankly crazy 310 horsepower. It is sold without lights or indicator lights, with winglets, smooth tires and a special exhaust system on the front fairing.

Frequently asked questions

Q: What is the best motorcycle?

The best bicycle is H2, because it is not only amazing in speed and technical victory, but also comfortable enough to be a good touring bicycle.

Q: What is the best-selling motorcycle?

The best-selling model is the Z900RS, with 4,850 units sold in 2021.

Q: What is the fastest motorcycle?

The fastest motorcycle is supercharged H2R with a top speed of 248.5 mph.

Is it a brand? Corvette is a Chevrolet brand. To be precise: Corvette is a sub-brand of Chevrolet, because Corvette is an independent super-running brand, so it is only Chevrolet.

Chevrolet is the United States, and of course Corvette is also the top super brand of GM.

Corvee, named Corvee in English, is a super sports car owned by Chevrolet. Corvette can be regarded as an American national treasure super sports car.

Corvette’s name followed the name of 17(||) British ships, which was intended to challenge the popular British sports cars at that time.

Corvette was born in 1953. The first generation of corvette was called. The second generation Corvette is called; The third generation of Corvette is called, from which the conclusion is drawn.

On July 18, 2019, the eighth generation of Corvette will be launched in the world. Corvette C8 adopts a brand-new black LOGO, and adopts a mid-engine design for the first time.

In terms of power, (||)C8 is equipped with a 6.2-liter V8 engine code-named LT2, matched with an 8-speed powershift, with a maximum horsepower of 502Ps and a maximum torque of 637 N m. According to the official news, Corvette C80-96km/h accelerated in less than 3 seconds.

Dr. Chen Boyi, an academic school of traditional Chinese medicine surgery in Fuzhou. Photo by Zhu Zhihui

Moderator: Hello, netizens, and welcome to the series of interviews with famous Fujian medical scholars. In order to implement the spirit of "Several Measures to Promote the Inheritance, Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Fujian Province", excavate and inherit the academic essence of Fujian Medical School, promote the prosperity and development of Fujian Medical School, widely spread the touching stories of inheritors of various schools, and give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine to serve the masses, the Fujian Provincial Health and Wellness Committee launched a series of interview programs on the video recording project of Fujian Medical School-"Famous People of Fujian Medical School". Today, the guest of "Famous People of Fujian Medical School" is the third affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

[Guest Profile]-

Chen Boyi, director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery of the Third People’s Hospital affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the outpatient department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hall of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the fifth representative inheritor of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Fujian Province, and the main inheritor of Chen’s academic school of traditional Chinese medicine surgery in Fuzhou, specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases, alopecia, breast diseases, and TCM treatment of cancer after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Moderator: Hello, Dr. Chen, welcome.

Chen Boyi:Hello, host! Hello, netizens!

Moderator: When it comes to the academic school of Chen’s Chinese medicine surgery in Fuzhou, we have to mention a magical white powder, which is also commonly known as "Dan medicine". It is said that this "Dan medicine" is a "magic weapon" for Chinese medicine surgery to treat diseases. Dr. Chen, can you tell us what this "Dan medicine" is? What’s the magic effect?

Chen Boyi:This white powder, which we call "Bai Jiangdan", is a prescription left over by ancient medical scientists. During the refining process of Baijiangdan, its raw materials will undergo a chemical reaction and become air-flow sedimentation crystals, and the crystal color is white, so we call it Baijiangdan. Baijiangdan and Hongshengdan are two kinds of Dan medicines, which are in the bag of Chinese medicine surgeons. As the saying goes, "The three treasures of surgery: plaster, medicine promotion, and Bai Jiangdan." What’s the function of Baijiangdan, mainly to promote pus and remove putrefaction? It is mainly used to treat all kinds of difficult diseases such as scrofula, fistula, sores and so on, and it has an immediate effect on the erosion of the skin.

Moderator: In 2019, the production skills of Dan medicine of Chen’s school of traditional Chinese medicine surgery in Fuzhou were listed as the intangible cultural heritage of Fujian Province. Speaking of Chen’s academic school of traditional Chinese medicine surgery, can you tell us about the origin of this school?

Chen Boyi:The founder of Chen’s Chinese medicine surgery is my grandfather, Mr. Chen Gengyuan. He inherited the traditional Chinese medicine surgical skills handed down from his family, and learned from others’ "alchemy". In his early years, he practiced medicine in Taijiang, Cangshan and Yongtai, mainly using plasters and Dan medicine to treat surgical miscellaneous diseases, with remarkable results and a certain reputation in the local area. In the 1950s, when the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Fujian Provincial People’s Hospital was established, he participated in the establishment and sat in the clinic. He was mainly good at diagnosing and treating surgical diseases of traditional Chinese medicine, and was also good at using some external plasters and pills. Influenced by his father-in-law, Mr. Zhao Feihan (a famous traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in Fujian Province) after marriage, when treating surgical diseases, he no longer confined to cutting and using external Dan medicine, but combined internal treatment with external treatment, which made him more handy in clinical diagnosis and treatment, thus forming Chen’s traditional Chinese medicine surgery. Later, to my father Chen Aoshi’s generation, my father’s first teacher was his grandfather, Mr. Zhao Feihan. Because my father studied poetry with his grandfather in a private school when he was 9 years old, he began to learn medical knowledge at the age of 13, starting with the medical three-character classic, the medicinal fu and the folk songs, and then further studying the classics of Chinese medicine such as Treatise on Febrile Diseases. At that time, my father laid a solid foundation of Chinese medicine. My father’s second teacher should be my grandfather, Mr. Chen Gengyuan. My grandfather sometimes goes to other places to seek medical treatment, so he learned Chinese medicine surgery and alchemy from my grandfather. My father is more diligent in clinical practice for decades, and he is diligent in thinking, learning from others’ strengths and taking part in internal and surgical courses, thus forming a unique clinical thinking.It is more handy in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Because of the exquisite technology, more and more patients come to see my father. Around 2000, at that time, registration depended on manual queuing, and some people began to queue up at the entrance of the National Medical Hall at three or four in the morning to hang my father’s number. At that time, my father was often invited to Shanghai, Nanjing and Hong Kong to consult and treat patients. With the vigorous development of my father, our academic school has been further inherited and improved. In 2019, it was recognized as "Fuzhou Chen’s Academic School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery" by Fujian Provincial Health and Health Commission.

Moderator: What diseases are the Chen surgical academic schools in Fuzhou mainly good at treating?

Chen Boyi:From my grandfather to my father, they are mainly engaged in Chinese medicine surgery, so our school mainly inherits my father’s medical skills, mainly treating four kinds of diseases of Chinese medicine surgery, such as skin diseases, breast diseases, tumors and postoperative Chinese medicine conditioning, as well as some miscellaneous diseases of Chinese medicine.

Moderator: We know that the core idea of Chen’s academic school of TCM surgery boils down to nine words: attaching importance to qi and blood, being suitable for syndrome differentiation, and adding and subtracting. How do you understand this core idea?

Chen Boyi:Firstly, we attach importance to the important position of qi and blood in the occurrence, development and dialectical treatment of surgical diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, so we put forward the academic viewpoint of "emphasizing qi and blood" Pay attention to the application of qi and blood theory to guide clinical practice, mainly for guiding clinical practice, and pay more attention to regulating the ups and downs of qi and blood. Secondly, it is "appropriate dialectics". Chen’s traditional Chinese medicine surgery not only attaches importance to disease differentiation, but also emphasizes dialectical treatment. First, we should distinguish between yin and yang, whether it is yin or yang, whether it is exterior or interior, whether it belongs to cold or heat, whether it belongs to deficiency or excess. Second, it is necessary to pay equal attention to the whole and local syndrome differentiation. In addition to following the "eight-outline syndrome differentiation" and the methods of syndrome differentiation of viscera, meridians, qi and blood, it is also necessary to combine local symptoms, such as swelling, pain, pus, itching, numbness, ulceration and ulcer. We not only pay attention to the role of the whole body viscera, meridians and qi and blood disorders in the development of surgical diseases, but also pay attention to the influence of local lesions on the whole body viscera, meridians and qi and blood, so as to achieve the integrity of syndrome differentiation. Third, TCM surgical diseases are differentiated by stages. For example, the development of sores is divided into four stages: initial onset, suppuration, ulceration and granulation, and medication is also treated according to different stages. Thirdly, "adding and subtracting", besides following the classic theory, Chen’s traditional Chinese medicine surgical medication is not rigidly confined to the classics, but adopts the characteristics of adding and subtracting prescriptions by combining classic prescriptions with seasonal prescriptions, combining diseases with special drugs, and combining prescriptions with drug pairs. Second, while the general treatment principle is determined, it also takes into account the cause of addition and subtraction of drugs. Because of the sore, because of the "six lewdness and seven emotions",There are many causes of the disease, and the "six evils" are wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness and fire, so it is easy for people who are weak to feel the attack. After the attack, it is necessary to refer to the treatment of cold, heat and cold, as well as the victory and defeat of evil. The third is to pay attention to the change of dosage. When using heavy dosage, the dosage should be increased, and when using small dosage, the dosage should be reduced.

Moderator: Now when it comes to TCM schools, it is very important to inherit. What do you think of the inheritance of Chen’s academic school of TCM surgery?

Chen Boyi:I think we should use "inheriting the essence, keeping integrity and innovating" to describe the future development direction of our school. "Upholding the Righteousness" is to keep the foundation of our Chinese medicine. For me, it is to adhere to the concept of "treating both inside and outside" of Chen’s school of Chinese medicine surgery, adhere to the principle of dialectical treatment and prescription medication in internal treatment, and create some new ideas and develop some new therapies in external treatment according to some new diseases in the new period. For example, acute and chronic eczema, acute and chronic urticaria, herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia, gout, plasma cell mastitis related to surgical diseases of traditional Chinese medicine, multiple hyperplasia of mammary glands, ovarian cysts, alopecia, etc., so we should sum up the clinical experience of our predecessors and explore the optimal diagnosis and treatment plan, so that our school’s thoughts can be passed down and benefit patients.

Moderator: Finally, there is a small question I want to ask you. Can you give us some tips to improve qi and blood?

Chen Boyi:When it comes to promoting qi and blood, we should actually talk about it from two aspects, one is to increase qi and blood, and the other is to stop its consumption. So you can’t overeat in diet, because overeating will damage the spleen and stomach, and you should eat less cold, spicy and irritating food. Be diversified in diet and eat some digestible food. And according to personal physique, according to the solar terms to do some tonic, generally regardless of season, we can eat some pork liver, medlar, longan, which can be eaten, especially peanut dumplings. Some people, who are weak in qi and blood, can also eat some raw land or stew ribs with Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. In daily life, you can’t stay up too late, because staying up late will damage Jingxue.

Moderator: Ok, today, I would like to thank Dr. Chen for visiting our studio and sharing with us many stories of Chen’s academic school of traditional Chinese medicine surgery. With the 5,000-year history of civilization, Chinese medicine is inclusive, forming a unique concept of life, health, disease and prevention, which embodies the integration and unity of natural science and humanities and contains profound philosophical thoughts of the Chinese nation. Inheriting traditional Chinese medicine is not only a treasure to protect China’s ancient science and culture, but also a key to open the treasure house of Chinese civilization. We believe that Chen’s academic school of traditional Chinese medicine surgery will surely pass on the excellent experience and academic thoughts of TCM diagnosis and treatment from generation to generation. Ok, that’s the end of this program. Thank you again, Dr. Chen. Thank you!

Chen Boyi:Thank you, host, thank you!

Moderator: Thank you for your attention. Goodbye.

　　Cctv newsAt 16: 25 on June 4, 2023, Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow warning of high temperature. It is estimated that the highest temperature in most parts of the city will reach 35℃ and above from May 5th to 7th, so please take precautions.

Defense guide

(1) Local people’s governments at all levels, relevant departments and units shall do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling according to their duties, and municipal, water, construction, health, electric power and other departments and units shall take effective measures in time;

(2) Personnel who have been working in the open air for a long time in high temperature environment should take necessary measures to prevent heatstroke and prepare cool drinks and first-aid medicines for heatstroke;

(3) Maintain the car reasonably, pay attention to traffic safety when driving, and avoid fatigue driving;

(4) Families with old, weak, sick and young children should prepare commonly used heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs, and provide heatstroke prevention and cooling guidance and certain care;

(5) Outdoor activities should be reduced during the high temperature period. If you have to travel, you should wear sunscreen, umbrellas, sun hats and sunglasses outdoors, and apply sunscreen to avoid strong light burning your skin;

(6) Continuous high temperature weather is easy to make people tired, irritable and angry, so we should pay attention to adjusting our emotions and ensuring adequate rest.

　　The flexibility of hands determines that human beings become the dominant species on this planet. Intelligent manufacturing is also inseparable from a good "hand". Nowadays, industrial robots are an extension of people’s hands. They are all-around players who can do both rough and fine work. The connection of submarine immersed pipes can be done by "super welder" with one hand; The industrial master machine for processing optical molds can be "seamless"; Is there really a "solar system" on the robot arm carrying the girder? Who is the "holy hand" to do holographic physical examination and local surgery for super water conservancy projects?

　　Welding the world super project with robots

　　Make welding more efficient, more accurate and more reliable

　　The deep middle passage has two directions and eight lanes, and the diameter of immersed tubes is larger than that of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Each immersed tube weighs 9,000 tons, which is equivalent to a medium-sized aircraft carrier. A submarine tunnel is paved with 32 immersed tubes, which will be a world super project.

　　In the manufacturing base of steel shell of immersed tube for deep middle passage, a new immersed tube is about to start construction, which adopts sandwich structure.

　　As the name implies, the "sandwich" structure is a giant steel shell made of two layers of steel plates, and then concrete is poured between the compartments of the two layers of steel plates.

　　However, the giant steel shells are all welded, and the total length of the weld seam of each immersed steel shell exceeds 300 kilometers. If manual welding is used, a immersed steel shell needs more than 1,000 welders, and the construction period is as long as 12 months. If all 32 pipe joints are welded manually, it is obviously impossible to finish the task on time. This time, the engineer decided to start robot welding.

　　The robot measures the size and position of the steel plate, the brain sends instructions quickly according to the data, and the laser sensor on the welding gun tracks and identifies the weld, and corrects the deviation in real time.

　　If workers come to weld, they need to weld at least 6 to 8 times, and the robot can do it in one go, which is comparable to a "super welder".Long Hanxin, Chief Engineer of Project Management Department of GK01 Contract Section of Shenzhen-China Passage Project of Guangzhou Shipyard International Co., Ltd.With the same workload, we used to need 18 welders, but now we may only need 4 welders. Moreover, the quality of robot welding is relatively stable.

　　On the dock, the manufactured immersed steel shell is being lightered onto the ship. A pipe joint, the top surface area is equivalent to the size of 14 standard basketball courts. The flatness of the giant section reaches within 4 mm, and such high accuracy is rare in the world.

　　Hydraulic turbine maintenance robot

　　Repair the 41-year-old Gezhouba.

　　Gezhouba, the first large hydropower station on the Yangtze River, will celebrate its 41st birthday in 2022.

　　The runner is the "heart" of the generator set, and the water current drives the runner to rotate, converting as much energy as possible into electric energy. During normal operation, the surface of the runner is as smooth as porcelain, but the turbulent river brings energy, and at the same time, it also brings sediment to violently impact the runner surface, leaving uneven scratches, which seriously affects the health of the runner.

　　The 41-year-old Gezhouba is about to undergo a "major operation".

　　By manpower, it takes at least 3 weeks to repair a water turbine unit, and 3.6 million kilowatt-hours of electricity will be lost for one more day of repair. This time, the task of overhaul was given to the robot.

　　The robot is installed on the inner wall of the runner chamber of the hydraulic turbine, so that it can climb along the curved surface and work among the complicated impellers. Moreover, the polishing accuracy should reach micron level, which is more difficult than the doctor’s cosmetic surgery.

　　There is no precedent in the world for robots to overhaul large hydraulic turbines in situ. We will wait and see how the first generation of maintenance robots for hydraulic turbines perform.

　　In 2 hours and 20 minutes, the robot repaired two inner walls of nearly 1 square meter. The approval shows that the repetitive positioning accuracy of the robot reaches 0.06 mm, and the roughness of the machined surface is less than 1 micron, which is three times higher than the requirement.

　　In a narrow space, the robot is like a climbing Spider-Man, which can easily complete the maintenance of the inner wall and top blades of the runner. A robot can complete the maintenance work of 10 people in a week in 24 hours.

　　On May 18, 2022, the maintenance of the runner was completed, 30 days ahead of schedule. Intelligent solutions have given Gezhouba a new vitality.

　　Five-axis CNC machine tools are flowing.

　　Carve an electric guitar on the tip of a pencil

　　An optical mold part with a machined surface accuracy of micron level and a surface roughness of less than Ra10 nm can not be manufactured in batches by human hands, and it needs the help of precision CNC machine tools.

　　It takes nine knives to process this precision part, and each knife has a deviation of micron level, which is a small loss and a thousand miles away. It solves the problem of tool size error and is constantly approaching the highest standard in the international precision machining field.

　　The gap between the concave and convex surfaces of the workpiece is less than 5 microns, which is equivalent to one twentieth of the thickness of a piece of A4 paper, and the seam is really fit.

　　The adjusted five-axis CNC machine tool is like a pair of artists’ hands, carving a delicate electric guitar on the pencil tip with an area of only 10.35 square millimeters. Only when the axis motion accuracy of CNC machine tools reaches micron level can it be so smooth.

Fifteen years ago, the share of self-developed CNC system in domestic machine tool market was less than 1%, but now it has increased to 31.9%.

　　Domestic heavy-load robot

　　Every minute, you can complete the manufacture of the rear side panel of a car.

　　In the automobile factory in Wuhu, Anhui Province, 26 domestic heavy-duty robots are producing the rear side panels of automobiles. The wrists of these robots can carry 210 kilograms. They can accurately grab, feed and automatically identify the welds for welding, and can complete the manufacture of the rear side panels of a car every minute.

Today, about one-third of the world’s industrial robots are used in automobile factories. However, looking at 120 automobile factories in China, more than 90% of robots are imported from abroad. If it cannot be controlled independently, it will have a far-reaching impact on the whole industry, and domestic researchers should make up for this link.

　　Accuracy is the most difficult thing for a heavy-load robot to overcome. Today, the repetitive positioning accuracy of this 210kg heavy-load robot has reached 0.072mm, which is a step closer to the international first-class standard of 0.06mm..

　　There are hundreds of enterprises that produce industrial robots in China, but there are no more than 10 domestic companies that can mass-produce large-load multi-joint robots of more than 100 kilograms.

　　Heavy-load robot is a mountain that China robot enterprises need to climb urgently.

　　Accuracy retention reaches 0.3 arc minutes.

　　Chinese can finally produce a high-precision RV reducer.

　　In industrial production, robots that can take the lead often need to bear more than 50 kilograms, and the elbow joints of these pillars must use RV reducers with greater loads.

　　The annual output of industrial robots in China has reached 440,000. However, for a long time, 70% of RV reducers are foreign brands.

　　In 2015, Zhang Yueming, a professor at Beijing University of Technology, decided to challenge this domestic blank technology.

　　Turn on the RV reducer, which is like a solar system, with both sun gear and planet wheels. This is the cycloidal planetary gear of RV reducer. They are like planets around the sun, which have both rotation and revolution. They make 40 revolutions at the same time, and realize precise transmission through multiple planetary movements, which reduces the high-speed rotation of the motor and increases the torque to drive the robot arm to rotate.

　　After tens of thousands of times of repeated optimization, a unique design method of cycloidal planetary gear modification has been formed, which ensures that the profile errors of 39 tooth profiles are controlled within 4 microns.

　　After 100,000 tests, the accuracy retention of RV reducer reached 0.3 arc minutes, which completely solved the serious wear problem. Chinese can finally produce a high-precision RV reducer after crossing the rigorous micron manufacturing.

　　"China manipulator" stunning space

　　Cool as transformers

　　On November 17, 2022, the Shenzhou 14 astronaut went out to perform the mission. This is the first extravehicular activity after the T-shaped configuration of China Space Station is completed.

　　Working closely with the three astronauts are two "magic" mechanical arms.

　　The big robotic arm is called "Tianhe Robotic Arm", and its bearing capacity can reach 25 tons, so it can be called "Hercules" of China Space Station.

　　The small robotic arm is called "the robotic arm that asks for heaven". Although its bearing capacity is only 3 tons, it is very flexible.

　　Tianhe manipulator has two arms and seven movable joints, and its deployment length is 10.2 meters. Such a long manipulator must cover all working areas in zero gravity environment, and its accuracy must be less than 5 cm.

　　When the R&D team was at a loss, an engineer drew with compasses and was suddenly inspired. Just like compasses, they also let the two hands of large robotic arms act as "feet" and act as fulcrums for each other, alternately switching forward to realize crawling and transferring.

　　Young China engineers, who broke away from convention and made innovations, made Tianhe’s robotic arm perform tasks with a precision of millimeter, and accomplished the grasping of Tianzhou’s cargo cabin and the on-orbit indexing of the cabin. They were called "ever-changing King Kong" by netizens.

China’s research and development of space manipulator is 40 years behind the world’s, but the speed of our progress has amazed the world.