Interview topic: tackling difficulties and prospering water conservancyWater supply protects irrigation and benefits people’s livelihood.

　　Interview time:202threeyear11moon29sunundernoon15：00-15:30(Duration30Minutes, guests in advance15-30 minutes into the studio)

　　Interview location: Bureau of Letters and Calls, East Annex Building, Municipal Administration Center5th floor (online interview room)

　　Interviewer: Guo Liyu (Member of the Party Committee and Deputy Director of Ji ‘an Water Resources Bureau)

　　Interview content:

【ask】：Water is the source of life, and water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. The Water Conservancy Bureau is an important functional department of the municipal government. First of all, please ask Director Guo to briefly introduce the functions of the Water Conservancy Bureau and the basic situation of water conservancy in our city.

　　[Director Guo]:Ok, host. According to institutional reformThe main functions of the Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau are: to ensure the rational development and utilization of water resources, to organize and implement the strictest water resources management system, and to be responsible for water conservation. Organize and guide the investment and construction of water conservancy projects, the management, protection and comprehensive utilization of water conservancy facilities, waters and shorelines in the city, and guide the ecological protection and restoration of rivers and lakes. Guide and supervise the construction and operation management of water conservancy projects. Responsible for soil and water conservation and guide rural water conservancy work. To guide water administration supervision and law enforcement, be responsible for investigating and handling major water-related violations, and coordinate and arbitrate cross-county (city, district) water disputes. Responsible for the safety production of water conservancy industry according to law, and organize and guide the safety supervision and management of reservoirs, hydropower dams and rural hydropower stations. To undertake technical support for monitoring and early warning of water regime and drought, emergency rescue for flood prevention and dispatching of important water projects. Guide the full implementation of the long river and lake system, and be responsible for the early resettlement and late support of reservoir resettlement.

　　Ji ‘an is a water conservancy city, located in the middle reaches of the Ganjiang River, which transits through Ji ‘an.264 kilometers, accounting for more than one third of the total length. Five of the six cascade hubs of Ganjiang River are located in our city, namely Wan ‘an Reservoir, Jinggangshan Navigation and Power Hub, Shi Hu Tang Navigation and Power Hub, Xiajiang Water Conservancy Hub and Xingan Navigation and Power Hub. Five of the 13 main tributaries of Ganjiang River are in our city, namely, 256 km of Heshui River, 176 km of Suichuan River, 172 km of Shushui River, 171 km of Wujiang River and 162 km of Gudang River. There are 733 rivers with a basin area of more than 10 square kilometers in China, with developed water systems and dense river networks. There are 8 large reservoirs in the city (including Wan ‘an Reservoir with a total storage capacity of 2.216 billion cubic meters and Xiajiang Water Control Project with a total storage capacity of 1.187 billion cubic meters), 41 medium-sized reservoirs, 1,191 small reservoirs, 19,500 mountain ponds and 530 hydropower stations. Ji ‘an is abundant in rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of 1556mm and an average annual water resource of 22.7 billion cubic meters.

【ask】：Many small reservoirs in Ji ‘an City have been built and operated for decades, and there are some security risks. How does Ji ‘an City eliminate the security risks of small reservoirs?

【Director Guo】：Reservoir safety concerns people’s production, life and property safety.The reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs is a project deployed by the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the provincial party committee and government.In the "14th Five-Year Plan" major water conservancy work, Ji ‘an City strengthened its political responsibility, took the initiative to pressurize, and accelerated the completion of the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs.

　　One is active pressurization,Speed up the attack.according toThe task of "five-year task completed in three years" requires that our city win the central funds.167 million yuan, provincial levelGeneral debt for reinforcement of small reservoirsone.31eight100 million yuan, the implementation of local matching funds15.89 million yuan. Compacting the responsibilities of all parties involved in the construction and fighting on the wall chart, the Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau has established a working mechanism for the supervision of the bureau leaders, and eachThe Zhou Party Committee specially dispatches a project schedule, informs the counties (cities, districts) where the project is lagging behind, and sets up an expert assistance team to solve the technical problems in project construction. At present,The "14 th Five-Year Plan" taskBlock 285Dangerous reservoirs have all been completed., in which96% of the tasks have been completed before the end of 2022.

　　The second is digital empowerment and intelligent management.There are small reservoirs registered in Ji ‘an City.1191, including 183 small (1) reservoirs and 1008 small (2) reservoirs. With the development of dam safety monitoring and intelligent monitoring system as the main construction content, the city has carried out three annual construction tasks in 2021, 2022 and 2023. Based on "a chess game", the city has built monitoring facilities such as water level, rainfall, seepage flow, seepage pressure and surface deformation according to unified standards. According to the province’s smart water conservancy standards, the data will be unified to the provincial monitoring platform of "first-level deployment and third-level application" to achieve unified convergence and sharing at the provincial, city and county levels.

　　The third is to reform and create standards and beautify the ecology.insist on"Pay equal attention to construction and management" and pay attention to standardized operation management after reservoir reinforcement. Xingan County has successfully created the second batch of "model for deepening the reform of management system and mechanism of small reservoirs" by the Ministry of Water Resources.county",Qingyuan District, Yongfeng County and Anfu County have successfully established counties that meet the standards for deepening the reform of small reservoir management system and mechanism in the province in 2022. combineEcological landscape improvement,Global tourism and rural revitalization strategy, to create"One Library and One Scene",On the basis of ensuring that the original flood control and agricultural irrigation functions of the reservoir will not be reduced, small reservoirs with smooth access to the reservoir, high water quality, beautiful environment in the reservoir area, good irrigation efficiency and rich historical and cultural heritage will be selected for implementation.The construction of "one reservoir and one scene" has been highly affirmed by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Provincial Water Resources Department.

【ask】：There are many rivers in Ji ‘an, which is a beautiful water city in the south of the Yangtze River. However, in recent years, some garbage piles can be seen from time to time in the river.phenomenonDestroy the beauty of rivers. What measures does Ji ‘an take to maintain beautiful rivers and lakes?

【Director Guo】：My cityConscientiously practice the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, strictly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government on strengthening the long system of rivers and lakes, and resolutely shoulder the responsibility of management and protection of rivers and lakes with stronger responsibility.,In 2023, the city launched a three-year campaign to tackle the "four chaos" in rivers and lakes, focusing on rectifying the problems of disorderly piling, occupation, construction and mining in rivers and lakes.

　　The first is to strengthen organizational leadership.Issued the "Deepening the Rivers and Lakes in Ji ‘an City"Three-year action plan for tackling the "four chaos",EstablishedWith the main leaders of the Bureau as the team leader, the relevant leaders in charge of the Bureau as the deputy team leader, and the main leaders of the water conservancy bureaus of counties (cities, districts) and the heads of relevant departments of the Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau as members.Rivers and lakes in Ji’ an citySpecial class for tackling the "Four Revolutions".Various measures, such as comprehensive investigation without leaving dead ends, strict clean-up and rectification, concerted efforts by river chiefs at all levels, unannounced visits, supervision and tracking, were taken to effectively promote rivers and lakes.Clean-up and rectification of the "four chaos"

　　The second is a comprehensive inventory.Through daily river patrol by river captains, river patrolmen and public welfare posts, all rivers, lakes, reservoirs and flood channels in the area are surveyed by using unmanned aerial vehicles, satellite remote sensing, video surveillance and other technical means."dragnet" investigation,Cumulative investigation97 rivers, 2025km, 319 "four chaos" problems were solved, and the problem rectification account was established, and 254 problems have been rectified.

　　The third is to strengthen the tracking and efficiency.In view of the problems found in the comprehensive investigation, the objectives, tasks, specific measures, division of responsibilities and schedule of the clean-up and rectification will be refined item by item, and the number will be gradually sold according to the law, seeking truth from facts, classifying policies and policies.strengthenTo all placesCheck and supervise, supervise and negotiate the difficulties and key issues encountered during the attack, hand them over on the spot, follow them up and report them regularly, and ask all relevant departments to take the initiative to take responsibility, refine measures, ensure quality and catch up with the progress, and ensure that the remediation tasks are completed on schedule.

　　The fourth is to establish a long-term mechanism.Yihe lakeTaking the opportunity of the "Four Chaos" attack, we will constantly consolidate the management foundation of rivers and lakes, standardize the handling of illegal construction involving water, conscientiously sum up the achievements, existing problems and experience of the action, constantly improve the long-term mechanism for river and lake control, and "zero tolerance" for the incremental problems of the "Four Chaos",Promote the continuous improvement of the city’s rivers and lakes, and add ecological color to the beautiful picture of Jinlu Mausoleum in Wangjun County, Jiangnan in the new era.

【ask】With the development of the integration of urban and rural water supply, the requirements for safe drinking water in rural areas will become higher and higher. What is the evaluation standard for drinking water safety?

【outer city walldirector general】：Ok, thank you for your question. First of all, let me introduce the progress of this work to you:

　　According to the rural drinking water safety evaluation criteria, drinking water safety evaluation indicators mainly includeFour items: water quantity, water quality, water convenience and water supply guarantee rate.

　　(1) Water quantity: The amount of drinking water per person per day in water-rich areas is 35 liters or more, but less than 35 liters is not enough. In water-deficient areas, the amount of drinking water that each person can get every day is 20 liters or more, but less than 20 liters is not enough.

　　(2) Water quality: The water quality test report issued by the water quality testing institutions of health and water conservancy departments at or above the county level and the third-party water quality testing institutions with CMA qualification can be used as the basis for water quality evaluation. For users of decentralized water supply projects, simple and suitable methods such as "looking, smelling, asking and tasting" can be used to evaluate the water quality on the spot.

　　(3) Convenience of water use: it can be evaluated as convenience if the time for water supply to households and single water intake is 20 minutes or less, or the horizontal distance of water intake is 800 meters or less, or the vertical distance of water intake is 80 meters or less. Pastoral areas may appropriately relax the requirements.

　　(4) Water supply guarantee rate: the cumulative time of water cut-off and water quantity failing to meet the standards in one year shall not exceed 36 days.

【ask】We usually use less tap water, mainly because we are worried that disinfection is not in place, and tap water smells of chlorine. Would you please help us solve the confusion?

　　[Director Guo]:Thank you for your question. Drinking water disinfection is to eliminate bacteria in water,Viruses and protozoan cysts and other pathogenic microorganisms, to prevent the spread of diseases through drinking water, drinking water must be disinfected. If we do not pay attention to the disinfection of drinking water, it may lead to intestinal diseases and even acute infectious diseases. At present, disinfection methods commonly used in rural water supply include sodium hypochlorite disinfection and chlorine dioxide disinfection. Water supply projects with more than 1000 people are generally equipped with disinfection equipment for disinfection. Small decentralized water supply projects can be disinfected by adding bleaching powder and bleaching tablets. Adopt chlorine disinfection(sodium hypochlorite, bleaching powder, etc.), there will be a certain chlorine smell in the water. For most people, tap water doesn’t smell or taste obvious. The content of disinfectant in tap water meets the requirements of national standards and will not cause harm to the body.

【ask】I’m from Laicun Village, wujiang town, Jishui County. As a farmer, last year’s drought made us lose a lot. Although the weather is good this year, there will be a drought in the future. Will we have any new protection?

　　[Director Guo]:According to our cityAccording to the plan of drought relief and irrigation protection in 2023, Laicun irrigation station was built in Laicun Village, wujiang town, Jishui County this year, which can solve the drought area of 1,000 mu of concentrated contiguous farmland, and has been completed at present, which can ensure the daily needs of the people nearby, including drought irrigation. From the perspective of the whole city, in 2022, the whole city suffered an extremely rare large-scale drought phenomenon. In order to completely eliminate the drought, promote rural revitalization, and effectively solve the problem of agricultural irrigation in drought-prone areas and scattered farmland areas, Ji ‘an City launched a campaign to combat drought and protect irrigation in the whole city. According to the "Implementation Plan for Promoting the Action of Fighting Drought and Protecting Irrigation", it is clear that in the county area, according to the construction principle of "first big and then small, first heavy and then light", 70 water-saving pipeline irrigation pilot projects will be implemented according to local conditions, 137 pumping irrigation station will be built in flood-prone areas near rivers, 1,000 drought-resistant wells will be built in scattered flood-prone areas, and the irrigation area will be restored and improved by 230,000 mu, which is a disaster prevention and guarantee.

【ask】：In order to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property, what are the key tasks of flood and drought disaster prevention in the water conservancy department this year?

【Director Guo】：As of this yearAt the end of November, the average rainfall in the city was 1565.2 mm, which was basically the same as the average for many years. The water level of rivers and reservoirs was relatively stable, and there was no serious drought disaster during the year, and there was no difficulty in drinking water due to drought. The precipitation is generally "more in the north and south, less in the middle". A total of 28 rainfalls occurred, and four typhoons, such as Taili, Du Surui, Anemone and Xiaoquan, successively affected our city. Among them, the typhoon "Taili" on July 22 caused the average rainfall in Xingan County and Xiajiang County to exceed 100 mm.

　　Anchoring of water conservancy departments in the whole city"No casualties, no dam failure, no breaches of important dikes and no impact on important infrastructure" and the goal of ensuring the safety of urban and rural water supply, we have done enough "pre-preparation" and practical "prevention" measures to successfully cope with multiple rounds of heavy rainfall and drought, providing a solid security guarantee for the city’s stable economic growth and social harmony and stability.

　　First, preparations are put in place before the flood season.Fully implement the whole city1240 reservoirs, 530 hydropower stations, 129 key dikes with "five responsible persons", 1644 key mountain ponds with "three responsible persons", and 1181 mountain torrents with five-level responsibilities have all been put in place. Strictly organize and carry out large-scale investigation of hidden dangers of flood control, and continue to carry out investigation and rectification of outstanding problems that hinder flood discharge in rivers, the "four chaos" action of rivers and lakes and special hidden dangers investigation. According to the requirements, the Emergency Plan for Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention of Ji ‘an Water Conservancy Bureau was revised and improved, and various flood control schemes for hydraulic engineering were compiled.The second is to actively prevent and respond to heavy rainfall.implement24-hour duty system. Adhere to both flood control and drought relief, strengthen supervision over the use of water projects,According to the water storage situation of reservoirs and the characteristics of different reservoirs,“One library and one policy"optimizedispatchScheme. strengthenMonitoring, forecasting and early warning. Since the beginning of this year, the water conservancy department has issued an early warning of mountain torrents.There were 531 times, nearly 19,100 early warning messages, more than 200,000 early warning service people, and 572 people were transferred. No casualties were reported.The third is to plan drought prevention and drought relief in advance.In the critical period of water management and water use after the end of the main flood season, according to"One reservoir and one policy" requires the implementation of water storage, water saving and water conservation measures, thus avoiding the waste of water resources. Precise scheduling of water. Regularly dispatch large and medium-sized reservoirs, accurately grasp the current situation of reservoir storage, current and next water demand, and formulate feasible water use plans for reservoirs and irrigation areas. Carry out the practical work of fighting drought and protecting irrigation and people’s livelihood. This year, the work of drought-resistant irrigation and urban-rural water supply integration has been incorporated into the ten livelihood issues of Ji ‘an Municipal Government. It is planned to implement 70 pilot projects of water-saving pipeline irrigation, build 137 pumping irrigation station, build 1,000 drought-resistant wells, and restore and improve the irrigation area of 230,000 mu, which is 90% completed at present, providing a strong guarantee for drought prevention and drought relief.

【ask】：River sand and gravel is an important building material in social and economic construction. In recent years, with the rapid development of social and economic construction, the demand is increasing. As the competent department, how does the Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau manage and ensure the use of sand by the masses of enterprises?

【Director Guo】：Ensuring the demand for sand by the masses of enterprises has always been the top priority of water conservancy work in our city.Since the implementation of the reform of state-owned operation and management of river sand resources in 2019, the city has continuously standardized the operation and management of state-owned sand companies, continuously strengthened water administrative law enforcement, ensured the stability of river sand market, maintained the stability of sand prices, and ensured the use of sand by enterprises. Main practices:Strengthen government regulation.The whole cityThirteen counties (cities, districts) successively set up state-owned sand and gravel companies to operate and manage according to the four unifications (unified planning, unified management, unified deployment and unified pricing), and mined according to the requirements of "five fixed points" (fixed point, fixed time, fixed quantity, fixed equipment and fixed power), and implemented unified pricing. The outlet sales price of river sand is 80 yuan/ton (120 yuan/square), which is the municipal government. In addition to the forbidden mining in Jinggangshan City, the city needs to adjust sand across counties to meet the demand for sand, and other counties (districts) have planned mining areas and set up state-owned sand yards.Improve supply capacity.In 2021bottom, the provincial water resources department approved the "Jiangxi ProvinceRevision of Sand Mining Planning for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Five Rivers (2022-2023), the annual planned sand mining capacity of Ganjiang River in our city reached 19.19 million tons, accounting for about 50% of the whole province, which doubled the previous round of planning. At the same time, ICity unified approval for the first time.Sand mining planning of Wujiang River, Gujiang River, Suichuan River, Heshui River and Lushui River (2022-2026), the planned annual production of sand and gravel 9.76Ten thousand tons, the city’s Ganjiang River and its tributaries planning total annual exploitation.2895Ten thousand tons,effectiveSatisfy the whole cityUse sanddemand.Strict supply and demand scheduling. Ensure the demand for sand for key projects in the city,Full implementationRiver gravel"Mining and Transportation Management Sheet" system, establish the ledger management of sand and gravel mining volume in sub-mining areas, and require the sand and gravel mining volume in each county to be monthly.Report.It’s started"Ji ‘an River Sand Management Information Platform" project construction, PingTaijiThe integrated intelligent supervision function of "mining, transportation and marketing" can be put into trial operation before the end of this year.Promote affordable gravel into the community.fromJune 2019riseJi ‘an CityXinluling gravel co., ltdStarted in the central city of Jizhou District"Affordable gravel into the community" activity, users by phone.Or wechat appletOrder, implement point-to-point supply, bySandstone companyDirect delivery, eliminating the intermediate price difference.The specific measures are as follows: First, strictly control the price of sand and gravel, and truly achieve affordable sand and gravel into the community. The second isincrease"Fair-priced sandstone enters the community"Convenience-orientedpublicizework, city-wide promotionAffordable bagged sandIt is more reassuring and convenient for residents to buy sand. Self-promotionSince the activity of "cheap sand and gravel entering the community", residents have generally reported that the direct supply of sand and gravel is sufficient, and the price is much lower than the previous market price of sand and gravel, which greatly reduces the cost of sand for the masses and has won unanimous praise from the masses.

【ask】：I am a villager in Shuitian Township, Jishui County, and I am an immigrant from Xiajiang Water Control Project. What types of immigrant projects can our village declare? What are the procedures and when?

【Director Guo】：According to the relevant requirements of provincial resettlement project fund management,Large and medium-sized reservoir resettlement support projects should be combined with the local actual situation and the wishes of the immigrants, in line with the scope of use of funds and policy guidance.

　　(1) The project scope includes:1. Production and development projects that immigrants can benefit from; 2. Construction of agricultural production facilities; 3. Infrastructure construction such as transportation, power supply, water supply, communication and social undertakings; 4. Ecological construction and environmental protection; 5. Employment skills training for immigrant labor force(except driving technical training)And vocational education;6 other projects closely related to the production and life of immigrants.

　　(II) Implementation of the project arrangement"Six Prohibitions": It is strictly forbidden to arrange projects for unapproved projects, to split projects, to arrange non-immigrant village projects in a disguised form, to provide industrial support for village groups without direct subsidies, to build buildings and halls in various names, and to "build large bonsai bases".

　　(three) the project management work follows the working principles of government leadership, territorial management, graded responsibility, county as the main body, immigrant participation and social supervision.

　　(four) large and medium-sized reservoir resettlement support projects to implement project library management. every yearBefore the end of July, the county organized the completion of the annual project library project mapping work, and the warehousing projects were handled in accordance with the procedures of "village-level declaration, township audit and county-level approval".

　　(five) the annual plan project declaration, in principle, based on the project library project. County according to the city issued the annual project funds, in accordance with theThe principle of "prioritizing and giving priority to solving outstanding problems" determines the declared items.

【ask】：Hello, we are a construction company. Recently, we learned from the publicity and reports of the relevant water conservancy departments that we need to perform the relevant responsibilities of soil and water conservation during the construction of our project, but we are not very clear about the specific procedures. Can you help us answer this question?

【Director Guo】Ok, thank you for asking. According to the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Soil and Water Conservation and other relevant documents, the production and construction projects that meet the requirements for plan approval must prepare their own soil and water conservation plans or entrust a third party organization before the project starts.According to the project approval authority,Report to the water administrative department at the same level for approval. After the scheme is approved, continue to complete the follow-up design of soil and water conservation, and break ground only after paying the full compensation fee for soil and water conservation in accordance with the approval. In the process of construction, soil and water conservation measures shall be implemented in strict accordance with the soil and water conservation plan and subsequent design, supervision and monitoring of soil and water conservation shall be carried out, and relevant quarterly or monthly reports shall be reported to the water administrative department regularly. After the completion of the project, organize the special acceptance of soil and water conservation facilities, and report the acceptance materials to the water administrative department before putting them into use.

　　The work of soil and water conservation requires strict compliance with the simultaneous design, construction, production and use of the main project."Three simultaneities" require that water and soil conservation schemes cannot be constructed without approval, and water and soil conservation facilities cannot be put into use without independent acceptance.

　　Follow-up is not clear, you can go to our relevant departments for specific consultation.

【ask】：reservoirAs an important carrier of water storage irrigation and domestic water supply, ensuring the safety of reservoir water quality and quantity is an important content of water supply and irrigation. In order to ensure the water safety of the broad masses of people, our cityHow to carry out reservoir water quality protection, strengthen reservoir water quality monitoring and do a good job in daily supervision? At present, what is the water quality of reservoirs in our city?

【Director Guo】：There are altogether in our city.1240 reservoirs with a total storage capacity of 5.812 billion cubic meters. Among them, there are 8 large reservoirs with a storage capacity of 4.057 billion cubic meters, 41 medium-sized reservoirs with a storage capacity of 868 million cubic meters, and 1,191 small reservoirs (183 small ones and 1,008 small ones) with a storage capacity of 887 million cubic meters. Since the implementation of the Regulations on Water Quality Protection of Ji ‘an Reservoir in 2018, under the unified deployment of the municipal party committee and the continuous supervision and guidance of the Municipal People’s Congress, all localities and departments have actively performed their duties and made every effort to do the following work. The first is to implement the responsibility to protect at all levels. Taking the implementation of the "Regulations" as the starting point, all localities have strengthened organizational leadership, implemented work responsibilities in different levels and departments, and determined the responsible units and responsible persons for reservoir water quality protection. Generally, responsible comrades in charge of large and medium-sized reservoirs are led by county committees or county governments, while those in charge of owners’ management units are responsible persons. Small (1) reservoirs are led by township party committees or government principal responsible comrades, while small (2) reservoirs are led by township party committees or government responsible comrades, and village committees. The second is to continue to promote protection supervision. Various localities have formulated comprehensive prevention and control plans to clean up and recycle the contracted rights of reservoirs, ban fish farming with fertilizer and water, standardize livestock and poultry farming, and eliminate agricultural non-point source pollution, and continue to carry out special rectification actions such as "recovering the contracted rights of reservoirs and banning fish farming with fertilizer and water". If some reservoirs have a long contract period and cannot be terminated for the time being, they shall sign a supplementary agreement on "letting people feed nature".Ensure that the water quality of the reservoir is pollution-free, and the fat-water fish-raising reservoir has been completely cleared; At the same time, the agricultural pollution around the reservoir and the sewage outfall in storage will be intensified to reduce the water pollution of the reservoir caused by agricultural non-point source pollution. The third is to carry out water quality monitoring in a normal way. Large and medium-sized reservoirs carry out third-party testing once every quarter, and publish the test results in the "Ji ‘an Water Resources Quality Monthly Report"; County-level water quality of reservoirs within its jurisdiction shall be comprehensively tested before September every year, and municipal-level centralized sampling inspection shall be carried out for small reservoirs from September to October every year, and notification shall be made for rectification within a time limit. At present, the water quality of large and medium-sized reservoirs in our city has reached Class III water standard, and the compliance rate is 100%. The water quality of small reservoirs has reached Class III water standard in an all-round way, and the water environment of reservoirs in our city has been significantly improved. In October this year, 117 small reservoirs were randomly sampled by the entrusted testing institutions, and the compliance rate of Class III water quality was 94% (including 9% of Class II water quality). Due to irrigation water, the water level of a small number of substandard reservoirs was too low, and the water quality rebounded.

【ask】：Our city is carrying out the construction task of Xingfu River and Lake., Happy River LakeWhat is the significance of construction? buildWhat’s the goal?

【Director Guo】：1. Building a Happy River and Lake,on the one handThe construction of Xingfu River and Lake is the main direction and the highest goal of river and lake management and protection in the new era. From the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.The great call of "making the Yellow River a river of happiness for the benefit of the people" has distinctive characteristics of the times, rich ideological connotations and far-reaching strategic considerations. It not only tells us that the mission of river governance is to seek happiness for the people, but also tells us that the orientation of governance is related to the great rejuvenation and sustainable development of the Chinese nation. It also tells us that the main contradiction of river governance has undergone major changes, and achieving the goal of "Happy River and Lake" is a main line running through river governance and protection in the new era. For our city, it is necessary to ensure flood control, high-quality water resources, healthy water ecology and livable water environment.on the other handIt is an inherent requirement to meet the people’s needs for high-quality development and high-quality life. Rivers and lakes are ecosystems that are closely related to people’s production and life. People are eagerly looking forward to and paying close attention to the protection and management of rivers and lakes. A clean, tidy and beautiful ecological environment of rivers and lakes is a public product that people urgently need, and it is the most inclusive livelihood and welfare. Happy river and lake construction"Happiness", as the pursuit of the fundamental goal, is a concentrated expression of the development concept of upholding the people first and life first from the perspective of safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.

　　Goal:arriveIn 2025, each county (city, district) will build at least one (section) Happiness River. By 2035, 154 rivers with a basin area of more than 50 square kilometers will basicallyBuild the Happy River Lake.

　　On July 1, customers were shopping for plush toys in Haikou Riyue Square Duty Free Shop. Photo by Kang Denglin (People’s Vision)

　　Core reading

　　From July 1st, Hainan’s duty-free shopping policy for outlying islands ushered in a major adjustment. In addition to increasing the duty-free shopping quota for outlying island passengers to 100,000 yuan per person per year, and canceling the duty-free quota of 8,000 yuan for a single product, the number of products restricted by a single purchase has also been greatly reduced.

　　The adjustment of the new policy will fully release the policy dividend of Hainan as the first free trade port in China. In addition, around the tourist experience, Hainan will further improve the consumption and tourism market, and constantly explore for building an international tourism consumption center.

　　On July 1st, the new policy of duty-free shopping in Hainan’s outlying islands was officially implemented on the occasion of the full moon of the promulgation of the Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port. This adjustment is regarded as the biggest adjustment since the implementation of this policy, whether it is the substantial increase in the amount of duty-free shopping, the cancellation of the restrictions on the number of times of shopping, the restrictions on the amount of duty-free items for single items, and the substantial reduction in the types of goods limited by the number of purchases at one time.

　　What new changes can the adjustment of duty-free shopping policy on outlying islands bring to Hainan tourism? At the moment when Hainan is building a free trade port, the tax exemption policy for outlying islands has been implemented for nearly 10 years. What new opportunities can it bring to the construction of an international tourism consumption center? The reporter conducted an interview.

　　Small excitement: If it is inconvenient to go abroad, I will come to buy buy to buy it.

　　For some people who like shopping abroad, it is inconvenient to go abroad during the epidemic prevention and control period, so shopping in Hainan has become the first choice.

　　Xiao Meng, a citizen of Guangzhou, flew to Haikou in the early morning of July 1, which was aimed at the newly adjusted duty-free shopping policy for outlying islands.

　　In the duty-free shop located in Haikou Riyue Square, a high-end watch with a price of 17,000 yuan needs to be taxed at a rate of 50% for the part that exceeded the limit of 8,000 yuan. "Under the new policy, you can buy it for 17,000 yuan, saving more than 4,000 yuan, and the ticket money from Guangzhou to Haikou is earned back." Xiao Meng said happily.

　　At 14: 00 on July 1, the reporter went to the duty-free shop in Riyue Square, Haikou. Despite the hot weather, the citizens and tourists who came to shop were enthusiastic. The most lively counters are electronic goods counters such as mobile phones and tablet computers. A staff member of a popular brand counter told the reporter that due to the fear of a rush to buy today, the store specially put a reminder on the counter that "mobile phone products are limited to one per person at a time" when stocking.

　　"The annual shopping quota per person has been raised from 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan, and the restrictions on shopping times have been relaxed. This policy adjustment will undoubtedly make the market a little excited." Cao Ying, director of the Supervision Department of Hainan Free Trade Office, said.

　　In fact, such a little excitement has already appeared at the beginning of this year. On February 20th, duty-free shops in Hainan resumed business. The next day, the e-commerce sales of Sanya International Duty Free City reached 44.28 million yuan, setting a record for one-day e-commerce sales. In May, sales of duty-free goods in Hainan reached 1.977 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 147.9%.

　　"Adjusting the duty-free shopping policy for outlying islands can promote the quality and efficiency of Hainan’s tourism, from eating, living and traveling to shopping and entertainment, and attract consumption abroad to return." Liu Feng, director of China Characteristic Free Trade Port Research Center of Hainan Normal University, analyzed.

　　Intensity: the tax-free limit of 8000 yuan for a single commodity is cancelled.

　　In addition to the annual duty-free shopping quota of 100,000 yuan, the most striking of the relaxation measures is the cancellation of the duty-free quota of 8,000 yuan for a single commodity.

　　Statistics show that the number of shoppers in Hainan’s tax-free year increased from 483,600 in 2011 to 3.84 million in 2019, and the annual sales increased steadily from 986 million yuan in 2011 to 13.6 billion yuan in 2019. In 2019, the number and amount of duty-free goods sold in Hainan Island reached record highs, with year-on-year growth exceeding 30%. Hainan’s foreign trade import and export was 90.59 billion yuan, up 6.8% year-on-year, and consumer goods became the number one imported commodity in Hainan.

　　"For tourists to Sanya, 7 out of 10 people will go to Sanya International Duty Free City ‘ Punch in ’ 。” Su Yi, deputy general manager of Sanya Duty Free Shop, China Duty Free Goods (Group) Co., Ltd., said that this ratio fully shows that duty-free shopping on outlying islands has boosted tourism. As the only company franchising duty-free shopping on outlying islands, China Free Group ranks fourth in the global industry from 12th seven years ago.

　　However, if we compare Japan and South Korea, there is still a clear gap in Hainan. According to the data, in 2019, the duty-free consumption of Korean tourists to China was as high as 105.8 billion yuan, of which the consumption of ordinary tourists was 37 billion yuan. "The sales of Hainan Island tax exemption of more than 10 billion yuan a year is actually not high." Su Yi believes that the attraction of duty-free shopping on outlying islands to most tourists has not yet reached "coming to Hainan for the purpose of duty-free shopping".

　　Liu Feng suggested that we can increase the number of duty-free shopping spots in urban areas and use information technology to achieve flexible and effective control, from the current "management of people and goods" to "management of people regardless of goods" and "supervision in advance" to "supervision after the event" to provide a more convenient and humanized shopping experience.

　　According to Cao Ying, at present, Hainan is striving to introduce cross-border e-commerce as the first step, and gradually expand from online shopping to offline stores. At present, cross-border e-commerce can operate more than 1,000 kinds of goods, which basically cover the daily needs of residents.

　　Make up the shortcomings: tourism supporting facilities still need to be improved

　　Faced with the problems that some domestic tourists have reflected that Hainan’s tourism experience is not cost-effective, and prices and accommodation consumption experience need to be improved, Liu Feng believes that "in terms of consumption environment, there is still a big gap between Hainan and some developed tourist areas. But this is a systematic project, and Hainan is stepping up its efforts to make up for shortcomings. "

　　"In the past, many tourists complained about Sanya Hotel’s ‘ High-priced room ’ . In fact, chain brand hotels adopt a global unified pricing strategy. Compared with Southeast Asia, our overall house prices are not much different, mainly because our high comprehensive prices lead to higher travel expenses, and seasonal changes are obvious, and prices change greatly. " Tang Sixi, researcher of Sanya Tourism Bureau, said.

　　In Liu Feng’s view, the adjustment of duty-free shopping policy on outlying islands is only a breakthrough to promote Hainan to build an international tourism consumption center. "Whether the international tourism consumption center can be built depends on how Hainan’s own business environment and tourism consumption environment are built."

　　At present, the Haikou International Duty Free City project with a total investment of more than 10 billion yuan is being accelerated. After completion, the total area is 200,000 square meters, which is three times that of Sanya International Duty Free City. It is a landmark project of Hainan International Tourism Consumption Center.

　　Zhou Ting, president of VIP Research Institute, believes that the implementation of tax exemption policy for outlying islands is very important for the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island. As the first free trade port in China, Hainan can try to open up to a greater extent and form a high-quality consumer goods market to attract tourists to spend in Hainan. At the same time, all kinds of entertainment and leisure activities and services on the island should be fully developed in order to truly become an international tourism consumption center.

　　Xinhuanet Beijing, December 21st (Reporter Jiang Qixiao Zhu Ruiqing) Looking back on 2016, president’s top leader visited five times, walked through more than a dozen countries, showed his charisma as a leader of a big country, voiced China’s voice on the world stage, proposed China’s plan for global governance and contributed China’s wisdom.

　　What have President Xi achieved in his five visits this year? What China claims have been put forward? Xinhua International Client will sort it out for you at the end of 2016.

　　[19-23 January: Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran]

　　From January 19th to 23rd, 2016, the Supreme Leader of president paid a state visit to Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Iran, and visited the headquarters of the Arab League.

　　On January 19th, local time, the Supreme Leader of president held talks with Saudi King Salman in Riyadh. Prior to the talks, the Supreme Leader attended the grand welcoming ceremony held by King Salman in the Palace Square. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng)

　　Main achievements:

　　— — The heads of state of China and Saudi Arabia jointly announced the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Saudi Arabia, which enhanced the strategic significance of China-Saudi Arabia relations.

　　— — China and Egypt have specially issued a five-year implementation outline on strengthening the comprehensive strategic partnership, which has enriched the gold content of the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries.

　　— — China put forward a package of initiatives to deepen all-round cooperation between China and Iran; The Iranian side proposed to study and formulate a 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement between the two countries, and China readily agreed. The two sides took advantage of the situation to announce the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership, and Sino-Iranian relations entered a new stage of development.

　　— — During this visit, the three countries signed a memorandum of understanding with China on jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, and China and Saudi Arabia also signed a memorandum of understanding on strengthening cooperation in the construction of the Online Silk Road. China and Saudi Arabia signed 14 cooperation documents, China and Egypt signed 21 cooperation documents, and China and Iran signed 17 cooperation documents. These cooperation documents cover many fields, such as economy and trade, energy, finance, communications, aerospace, climate change, and so on, which greatly expanded the breadth and depth of pragmatic cooperation.

　　On January 21st, the Supreme Leader of president and Egyptian President Seyce attended the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Egypt and the opening ceremony of the 2016 China-Egypt Cultural Year in the ancient Luxor Temple Square. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Duo)

　　How does China Wisdom Participate in Global Governance;

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the headquarters of the League of Arab States, aiming at the question of "where to go" in the Middle East, and focusing on the two outstanding issues of peace and development, he put forward a China plan that addresses both the symptoms and root causes and comprehensively implements policies. Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the key to resolving differences is to strengthen dialogue; To solve the problem, the key is to speed up development; The key to road selection is to conform to the national conditions. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader stressed that all parties should seek hope on the road of pursuing dialogue and development. We should use dialogue as the "golden rule"; The root of the Middle East turmoil lies in development, and the way out ultimately depends on development.

　　On January 23rd, the Supreme Leader of president met with the Iranian Supreme Leader Khamenei in Teheran. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng)

　　[March 28th to April 1st: Czech Republic, USA]

　　From March 28th to April 1st, the Supreme Leader of president paid a state visit to the Czech Republic and attended the 4th Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, USA.

　　On March 29th, the Supreme Leader of president attended the grand welcoming ceremony held by Czech President Zeman in Prague Presidential Palace. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei)

　　Main achievements:

　　— — The heads of state of China and Czech Republic jointly signed the "Joint Statement on Establishing Strategic Partnership between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Czech Republic", which pushed China-Czech relations to a new level.

　　— — China and Czech Republic signed a memorandum of understanding on the cooperation plan for the implementation of the "Belt and Road" construction, and agreed to take the opening of direct flights between the two countries as an opportunity to build all-round interconnection, promote capacity cooperation based on manufacturing, strengthen people’s communication through the promotion of Chinese medicine, and plan and carry out deeper cooperation between the two countries.

　　— — China and Czech Republic have signed 10 intergovernmental documents and 15 inter-enterprise cooperation agreements, covering infrastructure, machinery, automobiles, aviation, finance, nuclear energy, science and technology, humanities, medicine and health, industrial park cooperation and other fields.

　　— — The communiqué adopted by the Fourth Nuclear Security Summit incorporated China’s "nuclear security concept" and the construction of an international nuclear security system. China also urged the summit outcome document to reaffirm the core role of the International Atomic Energy Agency in the international nuclear safety system. The Sino-US Joint Statement on Nuclear Security Cooperation was published during the summit, which became a highlight of the summit.

　　On April 1st, the 4th Nuclear Security Summit was held in Washington, DC. The Supreme Leader of president attended and delivered an important speech entitled "Strengthening the international nuclear safety system and promoting global nuclear safety governance". (Xinhua News Agency)

　　How does China Wisdom Participate in Global Governance;

　　The invitation of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader to attend the Washington Nuclear Security Summit is a major diplomatic action taken by China in the field of international security under the new situation, which shows that China attaches great importance to nuclear security issues and reflects China’s responsibility as a big country in global security governance. President Xi expounded the idea of strengthening nuclear safety in China, put forward the China Initiative on Nuclear Safety Cooperation, publicized the China achievements in nuclear safety, and promoted the integration of the summit results into the China concept.

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward five initiatives to promote international cooperation in nuclear safety, including building a "nuclear safety capacity building network" and using platforms such as the nuclear safety demonstration center to carry out personnel training, technical drills and exchanges; Popularize the "cooperation mode of reducing highly enriched uranium" and assist relevant countries to transform existing highly enriched uranium micro-reactors; Promote the "national nuclear power safety supervision system" to help countries in need improve their safety supervision capabilities. These initiatives, based on China’s own capabilities and needs, provide public goods to the international community and promote the common benefits of all countries, which are generally welcomed by the participating countries.

　　[June 17-24: Serbia, Poland, Uzbekistan]

　　From June 17th to 24th, the Supreme Leader of president paid a state visit to Serbia, Poland and Uzbekistan, and went to Tashkent to attend the 16th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO member states.

　　On June 17th, the Supreme Leader of president arrived in Belgrade by special plane and began a state visit to the Serbian Republic. The Supreme Leader and his wife Peng Liyuan were warmly welcomed by Serbian President nikolic and his wife at the airport. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Rao Aimin)

　　Main achievements:

　　— — One of the most outstanding achievements of this visit is that the Chairman of the Supreme Leader and the top leaders of the three countries unanimously decided to upgrade the positioning of bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership.

　　— — During the visit, China signed dozens of cooperation agreements with the three countries, covering interconnection, trade, production capacity, energy, finance, science and technology, culture, tourism and other fields, which had a tangible traction and demonstration effect on building the "Belt and Road".

　　— — During the 16th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO member states, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader met with Russian President Vladimir Putin, and agreed to enhance political and strategic mutual trust between the two countries, increase mutual support, promote the docking of the development strategies of the two countries and the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative with the Eurasian Economic Union, and closely coordinate and cooperate in major international and regional affairs. The heads of state of China, Russia and Mongolia held their third meeting and witnessed the signing of the Planning Outline for the Construction of China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, marking the official implementation of the first multilateral economic cooperation corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative, and the mutually beneficial cooperation between China, Russia and Mongolia entered a new stage.

　　On June 19th, local time, the Supreme Leader of president arrived in Warsaw and began a state visit to the Polish Republic. This is the Supreme Leader and his wife Peng Liyuan getting off the plane. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Rao Aimin)

　　How does China Wisdom Participate in Global Governance;

　　During the 16th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO member states, on the basis of a profound analysis of the international trend and the common challenges faced by all countries, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader proposed that all parties should vigorously carry forward the "Shanghai Spirit" and adhere to the foundation of the development of the SCO. Adhere to safety first and consolidate the foundation of the development of the organization; Expand pragmatic cooperation and expand the development path of the organization; Consolidate the humanistic foundation and build a bridge for the development of the organization; Adhere to openness and tolerance and expand the cooperation team of the organization. These important propositions are problem-oriented, both based on the present and facing the future, highlighting key points and taking into account all aspects. They not only talk about principle schemes, but also have specific measures, which have been widely supported and endorsed by the participating countries. The summit issued the Tashkent Declaration, which fully absorbed China’s proposition.

　　On June 24th, the Supreme Leader of president attended the 16th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of SCO member states in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and delivered an important speech. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Rao Aimin)

　　[13-17 October: Cambodia, Bangladesh, India]

　　From October 13th to 17th, the Supreme Leader of president paid a state visit to Cambodia and Bangladesh, and attended the eighth meeting of BRICS leaders in Goa.

　　On October 13th, the Supreme Leader of president arrived at Phnom Penh International Airport by special plane and began his state visit to the Kingdom of Cambodia. Cambodian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Palace Affairs Prince Kong Sam Ol, Prince Chakrapong and Princess Allen warmly welcomed the Supreme Leader Chairman at the gangway. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi)

　　Main achievements:

　　— — China and Cambodia have reached broad consensus on strengthening pragmatic cooperation in various fields, especially in building the "Belt and Road" together, strengthening cooperation in development strategy docking and capacity investment, and promoting cooperation in large-scale projects such as the construction of Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone, and signed 31 cooperation documents with full gold content.

　　— — China and Bangladesh issued a joint statement to upgrade China-Bangladesh relations to a strategic partnership. China has become Bangladesh’s first strategic partner, which is an important milestone in the history of China-Bangladesh relations. The leaders of China and Bangladesh have identified key areas for cooperation in large projects, such as production capacity, energy and electricity, transportation, information and communication, infrastructure and agriculture, and agreed to start a feasibility study on bilateral free trade zones and establish a series of new mechanisms such as ocean dialogue and cooperation between the two countries. The two sides also signed more than 30 important cooperation agreements.

　　— — The eighth meeting of BRICS leaders adopted the Goa Declaration. The BRICS countries also signed memorandums of understanding and documents on agricultural research and customs cooperation.

　　On October 14th, the Supreme Leader of president arrived in Dhaka and began a state visit to the Bangladeshi People’s Republic. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Weibing)

　　How does China Wisdom Participate in Global Governance;

　　The BRICS leaders held an informal meeting during the G-20 Hangzhou Summit in September this year, and the initiative of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader to strengthen BRICS solidarity and cooperation was positively responded by all parties. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader was invited to attend the meeting of leaders of the BRICS countries in Goa and delivered an important speech, further explaining China’s position and proposition on promoting BRICS cooperation, providing China’s ideas, rallying consensus of all parties, pointing out the direction for the future development of BRICS, demonstrating the great power and responsibility, which was generally agreed by the leaders attending the meeting, boosting confidence in BRICS cooperation, opening up a good prescription for BRICS development, adding impetus to BRICS mechanism and opening up a new road for BRICS future.

　　On October 16th, the eighth meeting of BRICS leaders was held in Goa, India. The Supreme Leader of president, China, Indian Prime Minister Modi, South African President Zuma, Brazilian President Termel and Russian President Putin attended. This is a group photo of the leaders of the five countries. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi)

　　[17-23 November: Ecuador, Peru and Chile]

　　From November 17th to 23rd, president’s top leaders paid state visits to Ecuador, Peru and Chile and attended the 24th APEC Informal Leaders’ Meeting in Lima, Peru.

　　On November 17th, local time, the Supreme Leader of president arrived in Quito by special plane and began a state visit to the Republic of Ecuador. Ecuadorian President Correa held a grand welcoming ceremony for the supreme leader at the airport. This is the supreme leader’s speech at the welcoming ceremony. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ma Zhancheng)

　　Main achievements:

　　— — During this visit, China, Ecuador and China and Chile upgraded their bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership.

　　— — China and Peru signed a joint action plan from 2016 to 2021.

　　— — China, Peru and China signed a memorandum of understanding on strategic docking; China and Peru and China and Chile respectively initiated joint research and negotiation on the feasibility of upgrading the FTA; China has signed more than 40 bilateral cooperation documents with three countries, covering a wide range of fields, such as economy and trade, finance, energy, industrial parks, infrastructure, agriculture, environmental protection and humanities.

　　— — Driven by the Chinese side, the 24th APEC Informal Leaders’ Meeting approved the research report on the collective strategy of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area, and adopted the Lima Declaration of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area, which set the goals and principles for the construction of the free trade area, integrated the possible realization paths, formulated action plans in various fields, and set up a progress reporting mechanism, so that the construction of the free trade area eliminated interference from all parties and made important progress.

　　On November 21st, the Supreme Leader of president delivered an important speech entitled "Help each other in the same boat, sail and sail, and create a bright future for China-Latin America relations" in the Peruvian Congress. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng)

　　How does China Wisdom Participate in Global Governance;

　　At present, the world economy and the Asia-Pacific economy are at a critical juncture of development, and this year coincides with the 25th anniversary of China’s accession to APEC. All parties expect China to continue to play a leading role in Lima Conference. At the meeting, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward a series of important initiatives, adding positive energy and making new contributions to Asia-Pacific regional cooperation and world economic development, sending out a strong voice of the times in support of economic globalization, consolidating the forward momentum of the construction of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area, and proposing a China plan for Asia-Pacific development and cooperation.

　　On November 22nd, the Supreme Leader of president arrived in Santiago for a state visit to the Republic of Chile. Chilean Foreign Minister Mu? oz and others greeted the Supreme Leader and his wife Peng Liyuan at the airport. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Lan Hongguang)

　　A series of important propositions put forward by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader are not only a strong continuation of the results of the Beijing Conference, but also the same as the consensus of the G-20 leaders at the Hangzhou Summit. They have once again contributed China’s wisdom to the Asia-Pacific region and the world, demonstrated the role of a big country, aroused enthusiastic response inside and outside the venue, and played an important role in stabilizing people’s hearts, boosting confidence and building consensus internationally. The leaders’ declaration fully absorbed the spirit of the Supreme Leader’s speech, once again confirmed the appeal advocated by China, and reflected China’s influence and voice in global affairs.

Monopterus albus is a seasonal food in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in summer.

On the Dragon Boat Festival, people in the northwest love noodles with minced meat more.

　　Text/Figure Yangcheng Evening News reporter Song Wei Intern Tu Xinyi

　　Egg yolk dumplings, fresh meat dumplings and red bean paste dumplings … … When it comes to Dragon Boat Festival cuisine, Zongzi must be a well-deserved protagonist. However, many health experts believe that not everyone is suitable to eat zongzi. Because glutinous rice is sticky and stays in the stomach for a long time, people with stomach diseases should try to eat less. In fact, apart from Zongzi, there are many kinds of Dragon Boat Festival foods in many places in China … …

　　Jiangnan eats "wuhuang" for good luck.

　　In the south of the Yangtze River, which is known as the land of plenty, people have the custom of eating "wuhuang" during the Dragon Boat Festival. There is a nursery rhyme in Jiangnan folk: "Duanyang Festival, eat wuhuang; The door is full of incense; Eat zongzi and dip in sugar; Five tigers in the sky are king. " The so-called "wuhuang" refers to yellow croaker, cucumber, salted egg yolk, eel and realgar wine. Among them, Monopterus albus is a representative summer food in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

　　It is reported that eel is the fattest and most delicious from June to August every year. Monopterus albus not only tastes good, but also has a particularly high nutritional value. There is a saying among the people that "eating eel in early summer is better than eating ginseng". In the hot summer, every household in the south of the Yangtze River will go to the vegetable market to buy Monopterus albus and put it in a basin after returning home. When it’s time for dinner, the cooks in the family will start to cook delicious food.

　　Among the Su-Bang cuisines, the most authentic one is the famous dish "Xiangyou eel paste". Its uniqueness is that although the eel with heavy fishy smell is used as the main material, it has no fishy smell at the entrance. This is because a lot of cooking wine and ginger onions are put in when making, and then hot oil is poured on it after cooking. The dish is oily but not greasy, burgundy, slightly sweet and delicious, and it is a good next meal.

　　Jiangxi tea flavor piaoxiang tea eggs

　　In Nanchang, Jiangxi, there are traditional tea eggs in addition to the indispensable zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival. Eggs used in tea eggs include eggs, duck eggs and goose eggs. After the eggs are cooked, people will paint the eggshells red and hang them around children’s necks in colorful net bags, wishing them good luck and safety in the coming year.

　　Nowadays, tea eggs are common snacks all over the world. However, it is a science to make tea eggs with all colors, flavors and shapes. A good tea egg must have three elements: easy peeling, marbling on the surface of the protein, and even the yolk is delicious. So, how can we cook qualified tea eggs at home?

　　First of all, clean the surface of fresh eggs, put them in a pot with cold water, stir them gently until they boil, and cook for another 10 minutes with low heat. Eggs should not be boiled in boiling water, otherwise the eggshell will burst easily. Take out the boiled egg and soak it in cold water for a while. In order to make the egg more tasty, knocking on the shell is an essential step: knock on both ends of the egg, then knock in the middle, and gently press it with your palm to roll around, so that the boiled tea egg will have beautiful marble lines.

　　Put the beaten eggs in a pot, add onion, fragrant leaves, star anise, cinnamon, ginger and other ingredients, add a proper amount of black tea, boil, add salt, soy sauce and soy sauce, stir well, cover and cook for 10 minutes, then turn to low heat and continue cooking for 10 minutes, and then soak the soup for one night.

　　Shaanxi yikou delicious noodles with minced meat

　　Shaanxi people who love pasta will naturally not miss the opportunity for the whole family to stutter together during the Dragon Boat Festival. On the Dragon Boat Festival table of Shaanxi people, noodles with minced meat are absolutely indispensable. It is a special food in Shaanxi, with dozens of varieties in the local area. Among them, Qishan noodles with minced meat are the most famous.

　　Shaanxi noodles with minced meat pay attention to "thin gluten noodles, hot and sour, and fried thinly." Good noodles with minced meat should be thin and chewy, and the local vinegar and chili pepper in Qishan should be used, and the temperature of the soup should be high. In addition, also pay attention to a "rare" word. "Thin" means that there are more soups and less noodles, and only one bite is eaten in a bowl. Even if it is wide noodles, there are only one or two in a bowl, so it is also called "one mouthful fragrance".

　　The reason why noodles with minced meat are fragrant is that the noodles are poured with minced meat. Savoy consists of meat and vegetables. Almost every household in the local people has minced meat, which can be taken at will. Sauerkraut consists of yellow flowers, carrots, fungus, potatoes, beans and egg pancakes. Each dish is cut into the size of soybeans, and the egg pancakes are cut into small triangles.

　　Stir-fry the soup with ginger, garlic and pepper, add salt, vinegar and water, and finally sprinkle a handful of "floating flowers" — — Garlic seedlings or leeks. The red noodle soup is sour and refreshing, and the noodles are thin and gluten-free. After chewing it in your mouth, SAO Zi still has a lingering fragrance. For Shaanxi men, eating a bowl of noodles with minced meat on a hot summer day during the Dragon Boat Festival is simply awesome!

　　Zhejiang soft and fragrant mung bean cake

　　Mung beans have always been thought to have the function of clearing heat and detoxifying. In summer, many people often cook some mung bean soup at home to cool off the heat. Mung bean is rich in plant protein, and its globulin content is also high. In addition, it has the effects of dispelling summer heat and quenching thirst, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, so it is very suitable for eating in the hot and humid south.

　　In Zhejiang, people have the custom of eating mung bean cakes during the Dragon Boat Festival: eating mung bean cakes is considered a refreshing Dragon Boat Festival. People grind mung beans into fine powder, add flour, sugar and sesame oil, mix well, pour them into a mold and steam them, and finally brush a layer of sesame oil on the surface to make a refreshing mung bean cake.

　　The small mung bean cake is divided into north and south according to taste: the mung bean cake in the north does not add any oil when making, and the entrance is soft; The mung bean cake in the south will be added with oil, and the taste will be more delicate. Mung bean cake is regular in shape, light yellow in color, soft and sticky in taste, and it is absolutely unique in summer to eat it.

　　CCTV News:"Humane Meilong" WeChat official account issued a notice and a letter to Meilong residents about the implementation of comprehensive screening in relevant areas of Meilong Town. The full text is as follows.

　　Residents and friends:

　　According to the relevant provisions of the national and municipal epidemic prevention and control work, the personnel and environment in the relevant areas of Meilong Town are comprehensively screened. The specific notice is as follows:

　　1. Screening scope: Minhang area south of Outer Ring Expressway, east of Hongmei South Road viaduct, west of Jinghong Road and north of Chunshentang (except the area where Yishan Villa is located); Wujie Lane Area of Yonglian Village.

　　2. During the screening period, non-essential personnel flow will be stopped, and enterprises, institutions and commercial outlets will stop their office operations.

　　3. Screening start time: 0: 00 on August 11th.

　　4. Follow-up will dynamically adjust the control measures in the screening area according to the development of the epidemic situation.

　　Residents are requested to actively support and cooperate with the screening work, and those who receive the recall notice should return as soon as possible.

　　During this period, we will strictly implement prevention and control measures to ensure residents’ living needs, refine services and strengthen care for special groups. Residents and friends can contact neighborhood committees or street staff if they need services.

　　Thank you for your understanding and cooperation!

　　Meilong town COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control headquarters

　　August 10, 2022

　　Letter to Meilong residents

　　Residents and friends:

　　In view of the current situation of epidemic prevention and control in Meilong Town, the town will carry out the whole town’s nucleic acid screening for three consecutive days from August 10 to 12 (Wednesday to Friday) (except for the relevant areas where comprehensive screening is implemented).

　　1. The specific sampling time shall be subject to the notice of the village where you live.

　　2. Employees of merchants, enterprises and institutions along the street can participate in nucleic acid sampling at the nearest place during the normal working hours.

　　All villages and units should strengthen the verification. During the period, the personnel need to prove that the nucleic acid test is negative within 24 hours; Enterprises, institutions and commercial outlets need to open their doors with negative proof of nucleic acid detection within 24 hours.

　　Please actively support and cooperate with the residents, remind and urge each other to ensure that no one is left behind or missed.

　　Tips

　　1 About preparation in advance

　　Please click on the "Nucleic Acid Code" function on the homepage of the "With the Bid" APP, the "With the Bid" WeChat applet or Alipay applet in advance to generate a "Nucleic Acid Code" and take a screenshot to save the picture.

　　About the elderly and children

　　Click "Code with relatives" on the page of "Code with application" to apply for "nucleic acid code" for the elderly over 60 years old or minors under 18 years old. If you have previously applied for the "relatives’ application code", just click the "nucleic acid code" next to the relatives’ names to get the "nucleic acid code" of the relatives.

　　3 About "Offline Code"

　　The nucleic acid code can be used offline, and it can be used repeatedly for the same application, with a validity period of 30 days. The "nucleic acid code" can also be printed out, which is convenient for the elderly and children at home to sample and register nucleic acid.

　　4 About "use whatever you can" and "never leave home"

　　Residents are requested to actively cooperate and participate in nucleic acid testing in a timely and orderly manner according to the notification requirements of communities or units.

　　5 About Yang Healing Personnel

　　Yangyu personnel will go to the community sampling point for "single person and single tube" sampling with the electronic or paper release list and nucleic acid code or with the bid for "green code".

　　6 About personal protection

　　The weather is hot, please pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling, and participate in nucleic acid sampling in batches and in an orderly manner. During the sampling period, wear a mask, keep the distance of "2 meters" and do personal protection.

　　7 About the result query

　　Residents can check the results of nucleic acid testing through "with the bid".

　　8 About consultation

　　If in doubt, you can consult your neighborhood Committee or village Committee.

　　Meilong town COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control headquarters

　　August 10, 2022

It’s almost the end of the year in a blink of an eye

It’s time for people to concentrate on physical examination again.

You can also see it on all major platforms.

Various medical examination packages

but

Are these medical examination packages really suitable for us?

Is it better to check as many items as possible?

01

"1+x" principle, accurate selection of physical examination items

Physical examination is not the more expensive, the better, and the more items, the better. What suits you is the best.

Physical examination is mainly divided into basic physical examination items and personalized physical examination items. The "1" mentioned here is the basic physical examination project.

1. General examination: including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure and pulse.

2. Physical inspection:

Internal medicine: heart, lung, abdomen (liver, spleen, kidney), etc.

Surgery: superficial lymph nodes, thyroid gland, breast, joints of spine and limbs, anus and external genitalia (male);

Ophthalmology: vision, intraocular pressure, external eye, internal eye;

Otolaryngology: external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, hearing, nasal cavity, sinus and throat;

Stomatology: oral mucosa, teeth, gums, temporomandibular joint, parotid gland;

Gynecology: internal diagnosis of vulva and pelvis (with sexual history).

3. Laboratory inspection:

Blood routine, urine routine, stool routine+occult blood;

Biochemical: liver and kidney function, four blood lipids, blood sugar, blood uric acid, etc.

Gynecological cervical cytology (with sexual history).

4. Auxiliary examination: electrocardiogram, chest X-ray or chest CT, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and kidney.

If you have no special needs or special medical history, you can directly choose the basic package for physical examination. For most people, by doing these basic checks, you can basically assess the overall health of your body, just once a year.

There is also an "X" part that can’t be ignored, that is, personalized physical examination items.

This part of the project is based on their age, gender, occupation, health status and family history, etc., and the cost will vary from person to person.

For example:

Those with family history of early hypertension, long-term mental stress, or dizziness, headache, dizziness and discomfort can be monitored by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and vascular ultrasound.

Those with overweight and obesity, family history of diabetes, gestational diabetes, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and weight loss can choose items such as body fat rate, vascular ultrasound, 2-hour postprandial blood sugar and insulin.

Those who have a history of smoking, chronic bronchitis and asthma can choose items such as lung function and chest CT examination.

Those who have a family history of breast cancer, a history of breast diseases, a history of chest radiotherapy, breast discomfort and abnormal nipple discharge can choose breast ultrasound, breast molybdenum target (over 35-40 years old) and other projects.

Women over the age of 21 with family history of cervical cancer, abnormal leucorrhea and vaginal bleeding can choose TCT, HPV and other items.

Those who have a family history of colorectal cancer, chronic colitis, intestinal polyp, colon adenoma and a long-term high-fat high-protein high-calorie diet can choose anal examination, colonoscopy and other items.

Those with family history of gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, gastric polyp, bad eating habits, or upper abdominal pain, emaciation, unexplained anemia (male) and melena (especially over 40 years old) can choose gastroscopy, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and other items.

Men with family history of prostate cancer, chronic prostatitis, or dysuria and hematuria (especially over 50 years old) can choose prostate palpation, prostate ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.

Postmenopausal women, elderly men, people with low weight, insufficient calcium intake, less outdoor activities, or a history of systemic pain and fracture can be examined for bone mineral density, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and bone metabolism.

02

Keep in mind the precautions.

Avoid eating greasy food, drinking alcohol and overwork 24 hours before physical examination. Fasting for 6 ~ 8 hours before physical examination, because eating will increase the concentration of some components in the blood, which will affect the accuracy of the test results, such as liver and kidney function, blood sugar, blood lipids and so on. However, the longer the fasting time is, the better. If the fasting time exceeds 10 hours, the endogenous endocrine hormones in the body will change the blood sugar and other indicators, which cannot reflect the usual level and lose the significance of the test.

Wear loose clothes and try not to wear jewelry on the day of physical examination to facilitate physical examination; Ladies, please try to avoid the menstrual period.

Female gynecological B-ultrasound examination should hold urine. Only by filling the bladder can the problem be revealed. Many organs of the human body are in the pelvic cavity, surrounded by intestines. Only by holding the urine can the intestines be pushed open, clearly showing the uterus, ovaries and other organs behind the bladder.

03

Don’t cancel the inspection of 5 items.

When many people are checking, the parts of some physical examination items are relatively private, and many people "hide" and do not do it, with a high rate of rejection. In fact, if we give up these projects, many major diseases may be missed.

directeral rectun examination

Digital rectal examination is a simple, quick and less invasive examination. More than 80% of rectal cancer can be touched by digital rectal examination. In addition, besides checking whether there are anorectal diseases such as rectal tumor, hemorrhoids and anal fistula, it can also identify male prostate problems.

stool examination

80% patients with colorectal cancer are positive for fecal occult blood. The color and characteristics of feces are closely related to gastrointestinal diseases.

If you miss stool examination, you may miss digestive tract tumors including colorectal cancer, and you may also miss screening for diseases such as enteritis, dysentery, parasites, hemorrhoids and gastrointestinal bleeding.

electrocardiographic examination

Electrocardiogram examination is non-invasive, convenient and economical, which can help to identify heart diseases at an early stage and help to find myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy in time. An electrocardiogram examination may avoid a cardiovascular accident.

gynaecological examination

Gynecological diseases have a strong concealment. Doctors check the internal and external genitalia through visual inspection, palpation and secretion sampling, so as to find gynecological diseases such as vaginitis and cervical lesions in time.

It is suggested that adult women have a routine gynecological examination once a year, and the best time for examination is 3 ~ 7 days after menstruation.

Breast palpation

Through breast palpation, we can know the breast hardness, tenderness, mass and its nature, which can help identify breast diseases or be a powerful aid of breast ultrasound. Don’t contradict breast palpation, the doctor will be more professional than self-examination.

Everyone is the first responsible person for their own health. It is not a wise choice to overdraw their health. Remember to love yourself for whatever reason ~

All rights reserved by China Medical News, and may not be reproduced and used without permission.

The article is transferred from: healthy China headlines

Popular science audit expert

Original title: "Going to the peak season of physical examination again, what to check? How to check? 》

Read the original text

The "618" e-commerce promotion is about to begin, and Apple’s mobile phone is the first to cut prices.

On May 11th, Tmall announced that the official flagship store of Apple Store, the iPhone 16 Pro 128GB version, sold for 5999 yuan, with a discount of 2000 yuan. Add 500 yuan’s "national supplement" and the price is 5499 yuan. At around 18: 00 today, china securities journal CSI Taurus reporter noticed that the official flagship store iPhone 16 Pro 128GB version of Tmall Apple Store showed that it was sold out.

"Apple Store official flagship store" is an online store opened by Apple on Tmall platform. According to the news released by Tmall, the official flagship store of Apple Store will promote the iPhone 16 Pro again at 8 pm on May 16th.

In addition, on May 11th, the self-operated flagship store of Apple products in JD.COM showed that Apple products were on sale at reduced prices. After the iPhone 16 Pro is superimposed with the "national supplement", the hand price starts at 5499 yuan. Among them, the price of the iPhone 16 Pro 128GB version was reduced by 2,000 yuan, superimposed with the "national subsidy" discount in 500 yuan, and the hand price was 5,499 yuan; IPhone 16 Pro 256GB version has a price reduction of 1,400 yuan, superimposed with 300 yuan coupons, and the hand price starts at 7,299 yuan; IPhone 16 Pro Max 256GB version was reduced by 1400 yuan, and the price was 8199 yuan when 400 yuan coupons were added.

Analysts believe that Apple Tmall’s self-operated flagship store and JD.COM’s self-operated flagship store have reduced the price of iPhone 16 Pro products, indicating that Apple’s mobile phone is currently facing certain sales pressure. According to research institute IDC data, in the first quarter of 2025, the iPhone shipped 9.8 million units in the smart phone market in China, down 9% year-on-year; The market share is 13.7%, ranking fifth. Apple is the only manufacturer among the top five brands whose shipments have declined. IDC believes that Apple is still undergoing channel adjustment, which makes it difficult to improve its market performance, and Apple may face greater pressure in the China market.

All localities can make scientific assessment according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control work and detection ability, and provide close contacts, overseas entry personnel, fever outpatients, newly hospitalized patients and their accompanying personnel, medical institution staff, port quarantine and frontier inspection personnel, prison staff, social welfare pension institution staff, etc.Key population "should be checked and checked".Implement "willing to check and check" for other people.

The cost of "due diligence" shall be borne by local governments, and the cost of "willing diligence" shall be borne by enterprises, institutions or individuals; The detection fee standard is determined and publicized by the local price departments.All localities should promptly publish the list of testing institutions..

—— "Guiding Opinions on the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council’s Response to novel coronavirus’s Pneumonia Epidemic on Doing a Good Job in the Prevention and Control of COVID-19’s Epidemic Normalization"

In order to implement normalization prevention and control,

Promote "all due diligence" and "all willing diligence"

National Health Commission

detrusion[Inquiry of nucleic acid testing institutions]service

Go online in the State Council client.

At present, there are production and construction corps in Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Xinjiang.

921 testing institutions uploaded.

You can check it here with one click.

Specific operation guide

1.Find the nucleic acid detection agency:Enter the applet, you canManually select the region, or through the organization name, address, etc.search.

2.Contact by phone:click"contact telephone number"You can directly contact the agency for consultation.

The data is still gathering and improving.

National nucleic acid testing institutions have been updated one after another.

Save the sunflower code first

It takes a long time to press or scan to enter the service ↓

Historically, rice once occupied a supreme position in Japanese life. The Japanese once thought that food was rice, and eating rice was nothing more than adding salt. There is even a saying in Japan that "rice is rich in salt" means that as long as there is rice and salt, there is life. But now, according to a survey conducted by NHK (Japan Broadcasting Association), "Ramen (Lamian Noodles)" has become the Japanese favorite food in the New Year-noodles have reached the top of food in this rice country.

Why didn’t ancient Japanese eat wheat?

There is a folk legend in Japan that "the fox stole an ear of rice from China and took it back to Japan in a bamboo tube", so that Japan had rice. Through this legend, we know that Japanese rice culture was spread from China, and there are two ways to spread it: first, it passed through Jiangsu and Shandong, and crossed the sea from Shandong Peninsula to the south of the Korean Peninsula; The other is introduced into the northern part of the peninsula by land from North China to Northeast China, and then spread to the south. Both reached the same goal by different routes, and spread to Japan through Ma Haixia. This can be seen from the early remains of paddy fields in Japan-archaeological discoveries in the coastal area of Fukuoka in the northern part of Kyushu Island, which is closest to the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula. Subsequently, the rice cultivation technology gradually spread to the south and east with the northern part of Kyushu as the center. By the 3rd century AD, it had spread to Shikoku Island and most parts of Honshu Island. The grains unearthed in the sites of Yayoi and Gufen from the 3rd century BC to the 7th century AD were all rice.

Sites of ancient tombs

Yayoi era imagination map

Because the water and heat conditions in the Japanese archipelago are suitable for rice planting, and compared with planting coarse cereals in dry fields, rice planting is labor-saving, time-saving and high-yield. Therefore, for thousands of years, Japan’s rice production has been the first of all kinds of crops. Therefore, the Japanese call rice the king of food, and rice is a gift from heaven to Japan. Japanese people are used to eating rice, so in the history of ancient Japanese agriculture, barley and wheat are rare. In ancient Japan, people even thought it was time-consuming to eat pasta, but the saying that "the poor eat wheat" was repugnant to pasta. Although in famine years, Japanese officials often encourage the cultivation of wheat to alleviate famine and distribute seeds; However, farmers refused to buy it. Even if they were forced by the government to plant wheat, they refused to eat it as food. Instead, they cut it before it matured and sold it as horse feed, so that the Emperor had to issue a decree in 715 AD announcing that if the immature wheat was sold as horse feed, it would be severely punished.

Is it really that the taste of wheat doesn’t agree with the Japanese? In fact, it is not. The fundamental reason for boycotting wheat planting is actually that Japan lacked the technology to make flour at that time. Before the era of mechanized mass production, ancient people used a stone mill to make flour. In China during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, firstly, the stone mortar was pushed by human or animal power to process flour, and then the flour was milled by water truck, thus reducing the price of flour, making it possible for ordinary people to eat pasta, and thus making pasta appear and popularize in large numbers. According to the Japanese history book "The Book of Japan", as early as 610 AD, a Koguryo monk named Tanzheng brought the stone mill to Japan, but the Japanese couldn’t copy it. To make a stone mill, it was necessary to carry out precision processing on hard stones. However, the stonework technology in ancient Japan was underdeveloped, and it was really beyond their power to produce the stone mill. At that time, Japanese people could only grind flour with wooden mortar and pestle, but wooden mortar and pestle were only suitable for pounding rice. When wheat with hard bran was encountered, it was quite laborious to pound it, and it became very difficult to make pasta. Unlike wheat, which needs to be ground into powder to eat (the seed coat of wheat is hard, so it is very unpalatable to eat it directly), millet can be cooked directly as long as it is washed, and even eating brown rice unexpectedly makes up for the vitamins and minerals that Japanese people lack in their daily diet. After the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese army generally ate polished rice, but beriberi caused by vitamin deficiency appeared on a large scale. As a result, contrary to the folk saying that "the poor eat wheat", for a long time,Japanese pasta has become a kind of precious food monopolized by officials, nobles and senior monks.

Traditional style stone mill

Plain noodles, udon noodles, buckwheat noodles

When it comes to pasta, we can’t help but mention noodles. In 2002, in the Qijia cultural layer of the Neolithic age in Qinghai Province (the Neolithic culture in Gansu Province from 2200 BC to 1600 BC), archaeologists unearthed noodles made of millet and millet 4000 years ago, which were about 50 cm long and 0. 3 cm wide, even in thickness and bright yellow in color. This is probably the earliest known noodles. China’s invention right of "noodles" is therefore beyond doubt.

Ancient noodles unearthed in Qinghai

Before the Tang Dynasty, all foods made of wheat flour were called "noodles", and foods such as noodles, which were heated by putting wheat dough in boiling water, were called "soup cakes", but in the Song Dynasty, "noodles" were separated from "cakes" to refer to "noodles" exclusively. In Meng Liang Lu, written by Wu Zimu, which describes the bustling scene of Lin ‘an (now Hangzhou) in the Southern Song Dynasty, a noodle shop has been set up, including "silk chicken noodles", "three fresh noodles" and "fried chicken noodles", which is no different from today.

Although there was no communication between China and Japan at the national level in Song Dynasty, the cultural and economic exchanges between the two sides were still frequent. Different from the official "envoys to the Tang Dynasty", Japanese monks who entered the Song Dynasty played a vital role in the exchanges between the two sides. At that time, when Zen Buddhism was flourishing in China, most Japanese monks also wanted to study in China. While introducing Zen Buddhism to Japan, they also brought back the food culture of China monasteries at that time (all vegetarian, of course), and noodles were one of them. Some people in later generations concluded that "most epoch-making Japanese food comes from monasteries and is generally spread by monks who have experience in studying in China".

In 1241 AD, the founder of Tofuku-ji Temple in the south of Kyoto today, Shengyi Kunshi, returned from China and brought back a "water mill map" (a design of a mill made of waterwheels and gears), which finally made Japanese flour-making technology catch up with China’s level. From then on, Japanese people can taste pasta, which used to be exclusive to monks and nobles, and gradually change their views on pasta.

Schematic diagram of water mill

Kyoto Tofuku-ji Temple

What noodles did the ancient Japanese eat? The first thing that was welcomed by the Japanese was Su (Suo) noodles. Vegetarian noodles are the earliest Japanese noodles. At that time, the vegetarian noodles were all stretched by hand after the dough was kneaded repeatedly, just like the handmade Lamian Noodles, which was characterized by being long and thin, refreshing to eat, and mainly used as cold food. Next came the famous udon noodles, which were made by slicing thin dough into hot soup noodles. It is said that the troops of Takeda Shingen, the famous "Tiger of Jiafei" in the Warring States Period, used udon noodles as their food for marching. It stands to reason that udon noodles can only be made by rolling the dough thin with a rolling pin and then cutting it with a knife. Unlike making vegetarian noodles, it takes high technology to pull the dough into long strips first, but in fact udon noodles appeared in Japan as late as the 15th century. Investigate its reason, it is because the technical level of the Japanese at that time was too poor to make a chopping block! It takes a planer to make a chopping block, but it didn’t become popular in Japan until the Edo period in the 16th century. Before that, workers needed to put the blade on the front end of the stick and flatten the wood bit by bit to make a chopping block, which was very laborious.

The buckwheat noodles appeared later than udon noodles. Buckwheat itself is not sticky and easy to break, so it is not suitable for making noodles. Legend has it that in 1659, Zhu Shunshui (1600-1682), a adherent of the Ming Dynasty who stayed in Mitofan (now Ibaraki Prefecture), taught the Japanese to mix wheat flour into buckwheat flour to make it sticky and elastic, so this kind of noodle called "the most Japanese characteristic" came out. One of the reasons why soba noodles are popular is to win the favor. It is said that Japanese gold foil masters, at work, often use soba dough to touch the gold foil fragments that take off and fall everywhere. To this end, Japanese folks think buckwheat is a cash register item, so they use its auspicious saying to prepare buckwheat noodles when they are engaged, married or celebrating. Eating buckwheat noodles every other year on New Year’s Eve is also for good luck, hoping for gold and silver to enter the home, which is a mentality with China’s "more than fish every year". By the 19th century, Edo (now Tokyo), a city with a population of 1 million, had a list of 100 buckwheat noodle shops, which showed the Japanese people’s enthusiasm for this kind of noodle at that time.

Japanese udon noodles

Japanese buckwheat noodles

The Birth of "Lamian Noodles"

The same is noodles, whether udon noodles or buckwheat noodles. An important difference between Japanese noodles before modern times and Chinese noodles is that Japanese noodles are made without adding alkaline water. When wheat flour meets water, it will produce a grid-like tissue, commonly known as "gluten". Alkaline water is a kind of alkaline natural soda water containing potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate. When Chinese noodles are made, alkaline water is added, so the kneaded dough can change the protein in flour, enhance the viscosity and elasticity, and make the taste more comfortable.

正宗的中国面条迟至19世纪末、20世纪初才进入日本。1893年时，日本横滨的外国人居留地中居住着约5000名外国人，其中中国人约为3350人。而在甲午战争之后，清朝开始向日本派遣官费留学生，以后自费留学生的规模也急剧扩大。在1905年前后，在日本的中国留学生人数达到大约5万人。与此同时，无论是梁启超这样的立宪派，还是孙文这样的革命党，都将日本作为重要的活动据点，如此众多的中国人在短时间内来到日本，势必又一次将中国的饮食文化带入东瀛四岛。

大约在20世纪初期，中国面条出现在了横滨的“南京町（唐人街）”，并从这里出发，迅速征服日本人的脾胃。值得注意的是，当时的日本一心脱亚入欧，断发易服之外，连饮食也恨不得一日西化，著名思想家福泽谕吉撰文鼓吹要像西洋人一样“应该吃肉”（此前受佛教影响，日本人几乎不吃鱼肉之外的肉类）。明治天皇带头喝牛奶吃牛肉，当时的日本宫廷膳食干脆就是法式大餐。相反，对于传统的文化母国，日本则是一副鄙薄心态，印度古籍用于指代中国的“支那”一词正是在这一时期，在日本人的口中出现了贬义。在这样的背景下，中国面条在日本的传播，完全是出自食物本身的魅力。

普通的中国（苏州）羊肉面

横滨唐人街

尽管这种中国面条毫无荞麦的成分，但比起粗粗圆圆的乌冬面，形式上更接近固有的细长的荞麦面，被日本人称为“南京荞麦面”，并以其价格低廉、滋味鲜美而受到日本中下层市民的欢迎，逐渐走出“唐人街”，在日本主流社会中流行开来，名字也变成了“支那荞麦面”。第二次世界大战之后，迫于作为战胜国的中华民国政府的压力，日本官方不得不下令禁用“支那”一词。结果，不知从何时起，“支那荞麦面”又变成了“ラーメン”。这个假名的读音“ramen”极似普通话的“拉面”，显系晚近从汉语里直接借入的外来词。

(Japanese) ramen

Lamian Noodles has become a national delicacy in Japan today, mainly because the long Lamian Noodles can be matched with various vegetables and animal meat as the main materials, and seafood such as soy sauce, ginger, onion, sesame oil and various scallops or shrimps can be added to meet the dietary needs of all social classes. Therefore, there is a "Chinese Noodle Noodle Center" in Fukuoka, a "New Yokohama Lamian Noodles Museum" in Yokohama, and even a "Japan Lamian Noodles Research Association", which specializes in Lamian Noodles magazine … Lamian Noodles has become a well-deserved king of Chinese cuisine circulating in Japan.

The scene of eating Lamian Noodles in the cartoon "Chess Soul"

References:

(Han) Li Xuzheng et al. Translated by Hong Weiwei: The Road of Noodles: A Wonderful Diet Inherited for 3,000 Years, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, 2013.

Xu Jingbo: The East Wind Blows from the West: Chinese Culture in Japan, Yunnan People’s Publishing House, 2004.

　　Seeing such words as "high interest rate" and "high return", the public should be extra alert and raise their awareness of prevention. Evening News reporter Wei Chi Jianping photo

　　At the end of August, Tianjin Public Security Peace Branch and Binhai New Area Branch successively issued announcements to investigate 11 online lending platforms suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits. So far, illegal online lending platforms in Tianjin have been basically cleaned up. As a hot industry, P2P (person-to-person loan) has attracted a lot of attention and funds since its birth. Many people invest in financial management on the platform, and many people also borrow money on the platform. Now most of the online lending platforms have been cleaned up, and only a very small part is still in operation. These platforms, which are still in operation, stated that they would "quit benign", that is, completely quit the online loan industry.

　　Since June 2018, a large number of P2P platforms have experienced a redemption crisis. Some platform controllers have run away, and it is difficult for fund lenders (wealth managers) to get back the investment principal and interest. After investigation by local public security departments, these P2P platforms have violated the red line of "no fund pool" and are suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits.

　　From the popularity of the past to the ebb tide of today, what has this industry brought to the society and left behind?

　　Someone’s in jail

　　September is the season of school. After three years in the workplace, Xiaolei (pseudonym) stepped into the campus again to study for graduate students. He graduated from an undergraduate college in this city three years ago, and made an appointment with his roommate to study for graduate students three years later. Now, his roommate friend has been detained for violating the criminal law. This student graduated and entered the P2P online loan industry.

　　When Xiao Lei graduated, some students in the class wanted to take the civil service exam, while others wanted to enter the banking and securities industries. However, due to fierce competition, most of Xiaolei’s classmates failed to do so.

　　At that time, the concept of internet finance was in full swing, and a large number of emerging financial companies appeared in the market. They recruited soldiers and promised high salaries to attract college students to join. Gang Lin (a pseudonym), a classmate of Xiaolei, was admitted to Tianjin from rural areas. His family was poor and he wanted to get a high income when he graduated. As it happens, a P2P online lending platform in Beijing recruited externally, and he applied successfully.

　　A year later, Xiao Lei learned from his classmates that Gang Lin was "developed", with a monthly salary of more than 50,000 yuan, and had achieved the position of deputy director of marketing on this platform. At a class reunion, Gang Lin was in high spirits and told her classmates that she would be able to buy a house in Beijing in two months. This made the students very envious, and all the students felt that Gang Lin was really "turned over", and he was no longer the thrifty and wussy person at school.

　　Xiaolei was not admitted to the civil service, but worked in the financial department of a private enterprise with a monthly salary of more than 6,000 yuan. He learned through some news that some P2P online lending platforms are not matching personal transactions at all, but publishing false targets, attracting investors with super high interest rates and putting investors’ money in their own controlled accounts. These platforms, which are engaged in fund pool business, are suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits, and their behavior is to be convicted and sentenced to jail.

　　On a weekend, Xiao Lei found Gang Lin, and after asking questions, he carefully asked his classmates, is your platform compliant? Is the mark on it true? Gang Lin said casually that most platforms are fake, and what they do is to pool funds. Hearing this, Xiao Lei was shocked: "We all know the law, and this kind of behavior is punishable. Don’t you know?"

　　Gang Lin pondered for a while, then slowly began to say that it was not easy for him to get a foothold in the city when he came out of the countryside. Plus going to college before, I spent more than 100 thousand yuan at home, and many of them were borrowed. Doing an ordinary job in the city of Beijing, after deducting rent and living expenses, there is little left, not to mention borrowing money from home. If you resign, you will lose a lot of income.

　　Xiaolei was angry with his good friend Gang Lin’s explanation, but Gang Lin said that there are thousands of platforms all over the country doing this, and there is nothing wrong with it.

　　Since June, 2018, Gang Lin’s platform has absorbed less and less funds, but has to pay more and more interest to customers in the early stage, which has gradually led to a financial crisis. The platform controller used to misappropriate customers’ funds, bought several properties in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, and quickly sold them. However, the market was not good and it was difficult to sell them. The company’s capital chain was completely broken, and some investors reported to the Beijing police.

　　In November 2018, Gang Lin’s platform was put on file for investigation. Xiaolei tried to contact Gang Lin, but found that no one answered the phone and found Gang Lin’s family. Only then did she know that Gang Lin was criminally detained because he was an executive on this platform and mastered the flow of some funds.

　　Xiaolei urged Gang Lin’s family to let Gang Lin tell the whereabouts of the funds as soon as possible, and actively compensate the investors, so as to get a reduced sentence. However, he found that Gang Lin’s family was not interested in paying back the money and had no hope of reducing the sentence. One of his relatives told Xiaolei that since 2018, the funds absorbed by Gang Lin through its subordinates have not been handed over to the platform, but many properties have been purchased in foreign countries in the name of others. "Now even if he is sentenced to a maximum of 10 years in prison, Gang Lin will be less than 35 years old after he is released from prison, which will not affect him to get married and have children abroad."

　　Seeing this family doing this, Xiao Lei felt that they were really stubborn.

　　Someone No Country for Old Men.

　　According to a survey, the majority of people who invest in financial management on the Internet are middle-aged and elderly people. After more than 15 years of hard work, they have no pressure to mortgage and raise children, and they have some savings in their hands, so they are potential customers of high-interest financial management. As it happens, a large number of P2P online loan financing platforms have emerged on the Internet, which can provide three times higher interest than bank deposits, and let these middle-aged and elderly people fall into the trap.

　　Wei Dong (pseudonym), a resident of Hedong District, is 48 years old. He was dismissed from a furniture factory two years ago and it is difficult to find a job. Through the Internet, he knows that some P2P online lending platforms can earn 12% to 15% annual interest by investing in them. This kind of return on investment is much higher than that of banks, and it pays interest on a monthly basis.

　　With the attitude of giving it a try, he took out 200,000 yuan from his home for many years and transferred it to the financial platform through online banking. A month later, he received interest of nearly 3000 yuan. He thinks that if this continues, it will be equivalent to a stable job income. Besides, when I go out to find a job at my age, my income is similar to this interest.

　　Wei Dong wants more in return. At that time, his parents left him a house of more than 50 square meters. He sold this small house and collected some money to buy a bigger house for his children as a wedding room. However, the child just started working and didn’t want to get married for a short time, so he rented out the house at a rent of 1800 yuan a month.

　　In the market, his house is worth more than 1.3 million yuan. Wei Dong calculated that if this house is converted into cash and invested in the P2P online lending platform, it will receive interest of more than 10,000 yuan a month! So, he listed the house in the intermediary and sold it at a price lower than the market price of 100,000 yuan, and soon got 1.2 million yuan in cash.

　　Wei Dong invested all 1.2 million yuan in cash in a certain platform, and recovered 15,000 yuan in interest in the first month, which was several times higher than the rental of the house. He was so excited that he couldn’t sleep. For four consecutive months, he received interest on time. He once felt that his old age was really happy.

　　Wei Dong’s wife also knows about selling the house. However, the wife is more inclined to deposit a large deposit certificate in the bank or buy a fund for financial management, with an annual income of about 5%. Wei Dong’s wife said, what kind of business do these online platforms make so much money that they can give investors more than 12% interest? Are they better than banks? Wei Dong was speechless, just saying that his wife couldn’t keep up with the times.

　　The good times didn’t last long. When he invested in the sixth month, Wei Dong didn’t receive the interest on time. He called the customer service number left by the website and no one answered. At the investor forum, it was revealed that this P2P online lending platform had a redemption crisis, the capital chain was broken, and the actual controller and several executives had run away. Wei Dong panicked and rushed to the city where the platform was located to find the company’s registered address. As a result, it was found that the company’s office was sealed up and the door was surrounded by investors from all over the country.

　　Since then, Wei Dong has been bent on recovering the investment of 1.2 million yuan, and he no longer wants interest, just thinking that the principal can come back. In the rights exchange group, he learned that some people invested more than 5 million yuan in compensation for demolition, and some people, like him, sold their houses to invest.

　　The family is completely chaotic, and my wife has no mind to dance square dance anymore. My son’s wedding room has no landing, and he dare not talk about the object. Wei Dong lost 15 pounds a month, and he dared not think about his old age in the future.

　　"benign exit" becomes a common expectation

　　On August 29th, Dai Mokang, the legal representative of Shanghai Zendai University, a well-known listed company, and others surrendered themselves to the police, claiming that there were illegal acts such as setting up a fund pool and misappropriating funds during the company’s operation, and it was no longer possible to pay them. The Shanghai police said in the circular that Zendai Company illegally absorbed deposits from unspecified public through its online wealth management platform (Shanghai Zendai Aite Financial Information Service Co., Ltd.), and the case is currently under further investigation.

　　This is just a microcosm. At the heyday of P2P online lending platform, all kinds of business entities and capitals have entered this industry. According to incomplete statistics, in 2017, more than 40 listed companies in China set foot in P2P, and one listed company directly changed its name to "Pipaopi". However, the tide will eventually recede. By the end of August 2019, of the more than 6,900 P2P online lending platforms that once existed in China, more than 6,000 have closed down.

　　In a few years, investors, platforms and lenders seemed to get together and enjoy an unprecedented feast, but in the end, every participant paid the bill. Many investors have lost their money and are the biggest victims. Some platform controllers and executives have been jailed with criminal records. Most of the netizens who borrowed money from the platform bear super-high interest rates, and now many of them are harassed by the collection calls of "routine loans".

　　At the end of August, when attending the 2019 China International Intelligent Industry Expo, Ma Yun said that P2P was not Internet finance from the first day, but an illegal fund-raising product with a webpage.

　　At present, there are more than 700 P2P online lending platforms, many of which declare that they "don’t run away", actively pay off investors, and finally quit. But in fact, many platforms have transferred funds, so promising to the public is only a plan to slow down the troops, and soon the actual controller will surrender or run away. Even if some platforms have the willingness to refund investors, the recovered funds may not be able to make up the hole, and investors can only recover part of the principal.

　　Why did so many people rush into the P2P online lending platform? Xiao Lei was thinking. When he got together with his classmates to discuss Gang Lin’s case, he was puzzled by Gang Lin’s reluctance to actively refund the investors. Someone asked him, given 10 years, can you earn enough money to buy a house abroad? Xiao Lei said, I can’t. His classmates told him that’s right. Some people are willing to exchange 10 years’ imprisonment for 10 million yuan of assets. Even if you work hard, you can’t earn so much money. In this respect, people actually made a profit from this transaction.

　　Hearing this, Xiao Lei seems to understand something.

　　However, in the end, Gang Lin couldn’t stand the torture of conscience. He suddenly repented and decided to sell overseas properties and actively compensate investors in order to get leniency.

　　Why do ordinary citizens always can’t stand the temptation of high-interest financial management and frequently become "takers" and "reapers", while those "game makers" and "reapers" face obviously insufficient punishment? These hidden problems are worth pondering. Similarly, college graduates blindly pursue high salaries when seeking jobs, ignoring whether the industries they are engaged in are legal and compliant, thus forming wrong values and wealth views, which is more worthy of attention. (Reporter Li Jisen)