Sichuan CDC reminds to prevent high-incidence infectious diseases

In addition, the disease control department specially reminds you not to play with or touch wild animals or stray animals when visiting parks, zoos, grasslands, wetlands, etc. during holidays, because cats, dogs, parrots, marmots and other animals are at risk of spreading diseases.

Influenza and Covid-19 infection

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Typical clinical manifestations are sudden onset of high fever, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose and sore throat, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as muscle aches, fatigue and loss of appetite.

Covid-19 infection is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Covid-19. The main clinical manifestations are dry throat, sore throat, cough, fever, etc. (mostly moderate to low fever, some may be high fever); Some may be accompanied by muscle soreness, loss or loss of smell and taste, nasal congestion, runny nose, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, etc. A few patients’ condition continued to develop and pneumonia appeared.

Preventive measures:

1. Maintain good personal and environmental hygiene, balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, adequate rest, avoid excessive fatigue, develop sanitary habits and lifestyles such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks in closed public spaces, using public chopsticks, and maintain good indoor ventilation;

2. Vaccinate against influenza and COVID-19 to reduce severe illness and death;

3. Pay attention to the health status of yourself and your family, and see a doctor as soon as possible if you feel the symptoms get worse.

dengue

An acute infectious disease caused by the transmission of dengue virus through Aedes mosquitoes, usually in summer and autumn. The route from the patient/recessive infected person to Aedes mosquitoes to healthy people continues to spread, and the disease will not be transmitted directly from person to person. People are generally susceptible.

If you have been to a country or region where dengue fever is prevalent in the past two weeks, or have had dengue fever cases within one month around your place of residence or workplace, you should consider the possibility of contracting dengue fever when you have sudden fever (sometimes up to 39°C), obvious fatigue, anorexia, nausea, etc., often accompanied by severe headache, orbital pain, muscle pain all over your body, osteoarthralgia and other symptoms, and may be accompanied by flushing on your face, neck, chest and conjunctival congestion.

If a person has a high fever (sometimes as high as 40℃) lasting for 2-7 days, accompanied by two of the following symptoms-headache, orbital pain, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands and rash, and has recently been to work, live or travel in dengue endemic areas, and dengue fever occurs in his own living and activity community, street or even city, he should consider that he may be infected with dengue fever. At this time,

Prevention and control measures:

1. Wear long-sleeved underwear, try to choose light colors, and use mosquito repellent and other mosquito repellent products when going out to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

2. Install screen doors and screens. Mosquito-repellent incense and mosquito-repellent aerosol can be used indoors to kill mosquitoes.

3. If you are suspected to be infected with dengue fever, you need to see a doctor in time and take the initiative to explain the possibility of dengue fever. Please cooperate with the local health department and be hospitalized for isolation treatment.

Hand, foot and mouth disease and herpetic angina

Hand, foot and mouth disease and herpetic angina are common infectious diseases caused by enterovirus infection in infants. It can occur all year round, with the peak in autumn and winter in October-November. The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease is high in children under 5 years old, and the incidence rate is the highest in infants under 3 years old; Herpes angina is high in children under 6 years old.

The clinical manifestations of hand, foot and mouth disease are rash or herpes on hands, feet, mouth and buttocks of children, mostly accompanied by fever (about 38 degrees Celsius); Children with herpetic angina have a rapid fever, and the temperature is high, mostly around 39-40 degrees Celsius. Herpes only exists in the mouth, usually with sore throat and drooling.

The vast majority of children can recover within a week, and a very small number of critically ill children progress rapidly, which may be complicated with encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, etc. If not treated in time, it may be life-threatening.

Preventive measures:

1. Washing hands frequently and maintaining good hand hygiene are the simplest and most effective preventive measures! Wash your hands with hand sanitizer or soap before and after meals and after going out. Nurses should wash their hands before touching children, changing diapers for children and handling children’s feces.

2. Avoid contact with children with hand, foot and mouth disease.

3. Keep the family environment clean, the bedroom should be ventilated frequently, and the clothes and quilts should be dried frequently.

4. Eat a balanced and reasonable diet, ensure high-quality sleep, exercise properly, and improve your immunity.

5. Vaccination with enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) vaccine can effectively prevent related infections caused by EV-71 virus.

6. Children should go to medical institutions in time when they have related symptoms.

Norovirus infection and rotavirus infection

Norovirus infection can occur all year round, and the main manifestations after infection are vomiting and diarrhea. People of all ages are generally susceptible, and children belong to high-risk susceptible groups. The high incidence season is from October to March of the following year. The main routes of transmission include human-to-human, water and food transmission. Contact with patients or their contaminated items, eating or drinking food or water contaminated by viruses may be infected.

Rotavirus infection is one of the main pathogens of acute gastroenteritis in children around the world. Infants and young children infected with rotavirus are mainly manifested as vomiting and diarrhea, accompanied by fever and frequent defecation, which is watery or egg drop soup, and generally has no foul smell. The clinical manifestations can be summarized as "three more and one less", that is, more stools, more water, more times and less urine. The high incidence season is from October to February of the following year. Most of the children are infants from 6 months to 2 years old. Older children and adults usually show no symptoms or mild symptoms after infection.

Preventive measures:

1. Keep the disease from the mouth and adhere to the nine-character policy of "washing hands frequently, drinking boiled water and eating cooked food";

2. When making food, separate raw and cooked food, eat cooked sea and aquatic products, and fully heat the separated food before eating;

3. Reduce contact with diarrhea patients;

4. After going out and returning home, wash your hands carefully before contacting the infants at home;

5. Vaccination with oral attenuated rotavirus live vaccine is the best way to prevent infection in children under 5 years old;

6. If vomiting and diarrhea are particularly serious, you should seek medical advice in time.