Be sure to get the aero engine up!

Wen | Xiong Wenming

This article is reproduced from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Taihe Industry Watch" (ID: taifangwu). The original article was first published on February 25, 2021 with the title "China Aero-Engine Breakthrough in All Sides", which does not represent the viewpoint of Outlook Think Tank.

Ren Zhengfei told a story: In the 1970s, British Rolls-Royce offered to sell their Spey engines to China, and were willing to sell military engines directly. The Chinese side in charge of the negotiation was overjoyed and wanted to pay tribute to the British scientists, but the British scientists said, "Thanks to the great inventions of China scientists". When China comes back, find out which scientist it is, Wu Zhonghua. Where is he? Raising pigs in Hubei. Then hurry back to Beijing to be the director of the Institute of Thermophysics.

This is a dramatic story, which was later proved to be somewhat different from reality. But what is certain is that,The three-dimensional flow technology of Spey engine is indeed based on the "three-dimensional flow theory of turbomachinery". In 1950, Wu Zhonghua read a paper at the annual meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in new york, and formally put forward this theory, which was later defined as "Wu’s general theory" and the basic equation in the theory was called "Wu’s equation". Wu Zhonghua’s lecture video was once used as a training material by NASA.

Ren Zhengfei felt that if we had followed Wu Zhonghua’s basic theory and made continuous breakthroughs in engineering technology, the situation of aero-engines in China today might be more optimistic.

In December 2020, the US Department of Commerce published a new list of "military end users", and 80% of the 58 China companies were related to aviation. This is not a sudden bad news. As early as the beginning of 2020, rumors of an embargo on commercial aircraft in China once triggered domestic concerns that the supply of C919 engines might be cut off. From beginning to end in 2020, the focus of American sniper will be China’s aviation industry, especially engines.

As the heart of an airplane, aero-engine is one of the most complicated engineering technologies of human beings so far.At present, many countries can build airplanes, but only the five permanent members of the United Nations, namely, the United States, Russia, Britain, France and China, can really independently develop aero-engines.

China’s aero-engine construction began in the 1950s, and it has gone through a tortuous road from imitation and improvement, to partial independent research and development, and then to completely independent research and development.

At the beginning of the 21st century, with the implementation of "two-engine special project" and the establishment of China Hangfa, the development of aero-engines in China began to enter the fast lane of catching up.In the direction of military aviation development, the self-developed "Taihang" series engines have been put into production in turn, gradually getting rid of import dependence. In the civil direction, CJ-1000A, the "Yangtze River" engine supporting C919, has entered the trial production stage, and CJ-2000 of 35-ton class has also achieved the ignition test of the core engine in 2020, and it is said that the first verification machine has been assembled.

Since the 1990s, China’s reflections and discussions on aero-engines have come and gone, and they have continued to this day. The problem has long been found, but the difficulty lies in how to solve it.

Taking the "two-aircraft special project" and the establishment of China Airlines as milestones,China has started a breakthrough from technological innovation to institutional innovation.

one

From "if there is nothing" to "cohesive development"

In 1958, Wu Daguan, known as the "father of aero-engines" in China, took the opportunity of visiting Britain and made a special trip to the Soviet Union on his way home. He wanted to ask the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the Soviet Union for verification.

After it was rumored that the Soviet Union successfully launched the world’s first artificial satellite, Khrushchev excitedly declared that planes would enter museums in the future.It means that with missile technology, airplanes are useless.. This argument spread to China, which triggered a heated debate at the decision-making level. At that time, China had copied the first turbojet engine turbojet -5 according to the Soviet BK-1φ in Shenyang Aero-Engine Factory, and the jet fighter J-5 with this engine also rushed into the blue sky in Shenyang Aircraft Factory.

Will we develop our own engine next? Fortunately, the ministers of the Soviet aviation industry reassured him: in war, although missiles have great lethality, they really have to rely on planes to conquer each other. Therefore, the United States has not stopped engaging in fighter planes, and our Soviet Union is still engaged in MIG -21.

In the early days of the founding of New China, its national strength was weak, so it could only give priority to the development of critical science and technology. In the debate on "giving priority to the development of aircraft or missiles", Qian Xuesen put forward the "Opinions on Establishing China’s National Defense Aviation Industry" to the Central Committee, advocating concentrating on the development of rockets and missiles.

After a series of investigations and discussions, the central government regards aerospace as a whole and focuses on breaking through missiles and rockets first.In the end, "two bombs and one satellite" laid the foundation of China’s international status and security, and also proved Qian Xuesen’s vision.

In February 1956, Qian Xuesen submitted to the Central Committee "Opinions on Establishing China’s National Defense Aviation Industry"

However, for a long time after the breakthrough of rocket technology, there was no overall planning for the development of aviation industry, which led to the lack of strategic traction in the independent research and development of aircraft, especially aero-engines.

Political circles are still debating whether the aviation industry belongs to high and new technology. Until 1995, when the Ninth Five-Year Plan was released, aviation technology was still not included in high and new technology. Many scientists began to worry. Seven respected and old experts, including Wang Daheng and Shi Changxu, signed a letter to state leaders to express their feelings.

Experts put forward two reasons for vigorously developing aviation technology: First, the Gulf War proved that air power still plays a decisive role in modern wars; Second, the development of aviation industry plays an obvious role in driving the national economy.Experts believe that the gap between China’s aviation technology and advanced countries is widening day by day. If it is not developed vigorously, there will not only be a military crisis, but also the huge domestic civil aviation market will be occupied by foreigners in the future.

For aero-engines, Academician Wang Daheng, the winner of the medal of "two bombs and one satellite", used the word "free" to describe it. Free does not mean nothing, but it is sometimes absent and looming.

"Free" means insufficient investment.China’s first self-designed turbofan -6 with large thrust engine lasted for 20 years, with a total development cost of 150 million RMB, and only 2 million RMB was available in two years at the critical stage of development. At the same time, it cost about $2 billion to develop an engine for an ordinary large and medium-sized aircraft in the United States.

In the 1980s, the United States successively put forward pre-research projects such as IHPTET (Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Program) and VAATE (Advanced Turbine Engine Program), and invested 5 billion and 3.7 billion US dollars respectively. China also put forward two pre-research plans for high-performance engines in the 1980s, but the total investment in 20 years is only equivalent to that of the United States in one quarter. Even if the purchasing power of money in the same period is taken into account, the gap between them is huge.

Aeroengine pre-research program in the United States

It was not until more than half a century passed that we had a deeper understanding of the strategic value and complexity of aero-engines. Since 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has taken the lead in investigating and demonstrating aero-engines and gas turbines. In 2012, the "two-machine special project" was approved. In March 2016, in the 13th Five-Year National Science and Technology Innovation Plan issued by the State Council, aero-engines and gas turbines ranked first.

The implementation of the "two-engine special project" means that aero-engines as a major national strategic project will receive strong support from policies, funds and resources at present and in the future, and fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient investment.

By the end of 2020, the investment in the "two-machine special project" has reached 300 billion yuan. With the strong support of policies and funds, China’s aero-engine and gas turbine technology is accelerating to catch up with the world’s advanced level and achieve a historic leap.

2

From "Aircraft Dependence" to "Flight Separation"

"There are no planes, what do you need an engine for?"

In 1982, due to the changes in the equipment system of the National Air Force, the J -9 and J -6 planes were planned to be dismounted one after another. As its supporting power, the turbofan -6 engine is also facing dismounting because it suddenly loses its applicable object, and at this time, the turbofan -6 has gone through.18 years of hard development, just passed the 24-hour pre-flight test run. From the beginning of scheme research in 1964 to the end of development in 1984, turbofan -6 lasted for 20 years, which almost condensed the youth of a generation. According to the relevant personnel’s memories afterwards:

"At the moment when the suspension of development was announced, Wu Daguan burst into tears, and he also cried on stage."

The development was terminated due to the dismounting of the plane, and the turbofan -8 was developed by Shanghai Changzheng Machinery Factory. This large thrust civil aviation engine, which was born for Yun -10 aircraft, was successfully tested on Boeing 707 for more than a dozen times, and flew to Lhasa and other places as the heart of Yun -10. The cumulative flight time was 170 hours, and all the performances met the design standards. In 1985, Klebos, vice president of the General Aviation Engine Division of the United States, visited China and once admired the turbofan -8:

It was indeed a great achievement that you could finish such a complicated engine 10 years ago.

Turbofan -8 stopped production with Yun -10 dismounted.

Frequent dismounting of projects not only discourages the enthusiasm of researchers, but also delays the development opportunity.For a long time, the development path of aero-engines in China was "maintenance-mapping imitation-model improvement-model development-pre-research", which was basically the opposite of the path in the United States. At that time, the United States had established a mature pre-research mechanism and took a steady route of "technical pre-research-core machine-test verification".

In 2001, Wu Daguan pointed out in his article Reflections on Two Major Historical Issues of Aviation Industry,The policy of "scientific research first, power first" formulated by the aviation industry has not been agreed and implemented, and in fact it has become a general slogan.

One of the fundamental reasons why the pre-research could not be carried out was that the development of the engine was subordinate to the aircraft at that time, that is, "one factory, one model". If a factory wants to develop an airplane, there will be a research institute to develop a matching engine.The engine followed the plane, the plane project dismounted, and the engine development stopped.

On the other hand, due to the long-term lack of technical reserves and pre-research, the development cycle of aero-engine is much longer than that of aircraft, and aircraft often can’t afford to wait for the engine, so it is better to buy others’ ready-made products for independent development. Academician Liu Daxiang, an aviation power expert, once reflected on this issue:

"For a long time, too much emphasis has been placed on aircraft with engines and models with pre-research, and insufficient attention has been paid to early technical verification. Many key technologies have not been effectively broken before model establishment, and often model development is synchronized with technical research and component troubleshooting, resulting in repeated model development, which greatly delays the development cycle."

Under the collective reflection of aviation industry experts, the call for "separation of flight and development" continues to rise. In 2009, China Hangfa Commercial Aviation Engine Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Hangfa Commercial Engine") was established, becoming the general contractor of China’s large passenger aircraft engine project, and began to develop China civil aviation engine.

In 2016, China Aviation Engine Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Hangfa") was formally established, which was jointly funded by SASAC, Beijing State-owned Capital Management Center, China Aviation Industry Corporation and China Commercial Aircraft Corporation.

Since then, China has owned a national specialized aero-engine enterprise group.It means that, at least institutionally, aviation development has completely got rid of the dependence on aircraft development., towards the independent development of the sea of stars.

three

From "Imitation of Surveying and Mapping" to "Independent Research and Development"

"Buy if you can, and copy if you can’t."

The background of Ren Zhengfei’s story is the 1970s. In fact, the introduction of "Spey" engine from Britain was just an accidental episode. In the early days, most aero-engines in China came from mapping and imitation of Soviet engines. As the core technology of aviation industry, the western countries have always adopted a blockade strategy against China. After the Soviet Union cut off aid, China’s aviation industry once fell into a dilemma of no availability. In 1972, British Rolls-Royce offered to provide Spey MK202 engine to China, and at the same time transferred technology, which was quite unexpected.

Spey MK202 engine

In December 1975, China and Britain signed a purchase contract of about 77 million pounds.The original plan is divided into two steps. It will take three years to learn how to assemble qualified Speer with imported parts, and then five years to realize localization.. In 1980, the Spey engine developed and assembled according to British wool was tested in Britain. However, in the national economic adjustment in the 1980s, it faced the same reality as turbofan -6, so the localization process was suspended for more than ten years.

It lasted for 30 years before and after the localization of Spey, which is very emotional. Because we couldn’t wait for the engine, in order to ensure the production of the aircraft, we first used the Spey engines stored for 20 years, and then bought a batch of second-hand engines from Britain. Until around 2010, turbofan -9 finally kept up with the progress and realized continuous mass production supply.

The turbofan -9 "Qinling" engine developed from Sibei belongs to "partially independent design". Before that, most of us were "copying and improving" Soviet engines.Long-term measurement and imitation lead to the fact that the technical ability of the institute is even inferior to that of the factory, and the technology cannot be digested and its own research and development system cannot be formed.

It was not until 2002 that the domestic turbojet -14 "Kunlun" engine was finalized that China completed the whole process of self-development for the first time.

In December 2005, the domestic turbofan -10 "Taihang" developed by Shenyang Liming Engine Company passed the life test and became the first large thrust turbofan engine with independent intellectual property rights in China. "Taihang" took 27 years from the pre-research in 1978 to the project establishment in 1987, and then to the completion of the design finalization examination at the end of December 2005. This process can be said to be stumbling, and even the explosion of the testing machine occurred.

Until 2011, the maximum afterburner thrust of turbofan -10 was determined to be 125KN, which means that this "domestic heart" with high hopes has finally entered the mass production state. "Taihang" has finally passed the stage of being criticized by netizens as "not very good", and its performance in recent years can be regarded as disappointing. Up to now, no fighter plane carrying "Taihang" has crashed due to engine failure.

From imitation and improvement, to partial independent research and development, and then to having independent intellectual property rights, China aviation industry people clearly realize that key areas must be self-reliant and core technologies must be mastered by themselves.However, as the most complex industrial field of mankind, the development of aero-engines cannot be done behind closed doors.

The development of turbofan -10 has also learned from others’ strengths. For example, the core engine principle draws lessons from the F-110 commonly used in the United States. In order to meet the actual domestic installation demand, Su -27 was introduced as a flight test platform, and a lot of technical experience of the supporting power system AL-31F of Su -27 was digested and absorbed. Like many domestic equipment technologies in China at present, turbofan -10 does not copy Russian products or blindly follow hairdressing, but absorbs the experience of the United States and Russia at the same time, and then explores a technical route that conforms to China’s reality.

Main military aero-engine models developed in China.

From "filling in the blanks" to "looking back", it is not easy to finally ensure that it is "neck and neck" with developed countries.After the establishment of China Hangfa, a "three-step" road map was established.

The first step is to narrow the gap with the advanced level of foreign aero-engines, initially establish an independent innovation research and development system for aero-engines, and lay a foundation for development;

The second step is to basically build an independent innovation research and development system for aero-engines;

The third step is to complete the independent development process of representative models, build the basic research, product development and industrial system of independent innovation, basically realize the strategic transformation of independent innovation and development, and make China Hangfa an innovative enterprise with international competitiveness.

four

From "Closed Independence" to "Open Integration"

"Small core, great collaboration, specialization and openness."

In the first half century, the development of aero-engines in China was not smooth. From the 1990s to the beginning of this century, there were many reflections on the lagging development of aero-engines in China.The old experts concluded that "our understanding of the development law of aviation technology is insufficient, and we lack long-term planning and stable planning", but the deeper reason lies in the system.

The American military industry model is based on enterprises.Boeing, Loma, Nuoge and other dual-use groups are the main manufacturers, Raytheon, Holwell, Pratt & Whitney, General Motors and other groups provide sub-system support for them, and thousands of dual-use enterprises such as TI and ADI are responsible for supplying materials and parts, forming a pyramid-shaped integration of defense and civilian technologies ecological circle with open cooperation, step-by-step competition and professional subdivision.

During the Cold War, the United States once supported two aviation giants, GE and PW, through the horizontal competition mechanism controlled by the government. In 1968, the US Department of Defense asked Pratt & Whitney and GM to manufacture and test one engine each. This government-led "selecting the best to help the strong" has achieved remarkable results, and finally achieved the famous GM F-110 engine and Pratt & Whitney F-100 engine.

F110-GE engine

Pratt & Whitney initially won the competition and signed the contract first. Although GM was at a disadvantage in the initial competition, it subsequently launched an improved F110-GE-129, and Pratt & Whitney developed an improved F100-PW-229 to compete with it.

In February, 1984, the United States Air Force purchased F100 and F110 in proportion according to the double contractor procurement strategy, and basically they were exposed to rain and dew. It is under such a "horse racing" mechanism and order support that the two companies have grown into the world’s top aero-engine companies.

For a long time, China’s military industrial model is dominated by military industrial groups with strong administrative color, and scientific research tasks are coordinated, coordinated and protected in a highly planned way. The general research institute to the assembly plant, and the supporting research institute to the supporting plant are mostlyIn the state of "vertical cooperation and fragmentation", military and civilian lines are separated, forming a closed monopoly system with separation of research and development, lack of competition and self-protection.

The establishment of the "Two-Aircraft Project" and China Aviation Development Co., Ltd. is escorted by the in-depth promotion of the national integration of defense and civilian technologies strategy. In 2016, the Opinions on the Integrated Development of Economic Construction and National Defense Construction issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission clearly proposed to deepen the reform of the national defense science, technology and industry system, further break the industry closure, expand the introduction of social capital, highlight core capabilities, liberalize general capabilities, promote socialized cooperation, and promote the professional reorganization of military enterprises.

Breaking the binary separation of military and civilian and promoting open integration are not only institutional breakthroughs, but also the reshaping and integration of the industrial chain.Taking the aviation industry as an example, the "main manufacturer-supplier" model that the United States has been pursuing is being followed by global aviation manufacturing enterprises. In this mode, the development of an aircraft requires the early intervention of suppliers and joint participation in research and development.

The main manufacturer splits its subordinate manufacturing units and becomes a system integrated manufacturing role, getting rid of the "heavy-load" link of "manufacturing production", which requires high load to produce benefits, and enhancing its ability to cope with market changes; Suppliers can focus on the research and development and technical strength reserve of a certain subsystem, so as to be more professional and efficient.

As the core system of an aircraft, aero-engine open cooperation can also greatly improve the development efficiency. For example, since 2004, Rolls-Royce Company has only produced 30% of the core components and the highest added value, and subcontracted the remaining 70%, thus reducing the manufacturing and purchasing costs of all engine parts as much as possible under the premise of controllable risks.

On this basis, China Hangfa has further determined the development mode of "small core, large cooperation, specialization and openness", which means that the development of China aero-engine can attract more extensive external forces to participate in the cooperation nationwide and even globally, and enterprises can concentrate on improving key core capabilities. According to the disclosed information, there are currently more than 350 suppliers participating in the "Yangtze River" series of engines, initially forming a global supply chain. At the same time, 69 suppliers from 16 countries are willing to participate in the commercial engine project in China.

Historical lessons have proved that you can’t build an engine behind closed doors.

Aeroengine is composed of tens of thousands of precision parts, which has a long development cycle and involves a wide range of fields. Independent research and development of aero-engines is an arduous challenge to the current basic disciplines, design, materials and technology. China has a complete range of manufacturing industries and abundant resources, but the support provided by basic industries is far from enough. Through open integration, the standards and data barriers in the upstream industrial chain (such as materials, machining, measurement and testing, etc.) can accelerate the integration of manufacturing resources, enrich and improve the industrial chain, and maximize the cost reduction and efficiency improvement of the whole industry.

Due to the historical debts and the current technical blockade, it is doomed that the breakthrough road of China aero-engine is still bumpy, which requires great determination, patience and wisdom. But the first light on this road has shown us the way.

References:

[1] Wu Daguan, thinking about two major historical issues of aviation industry, 2001.

[2] Yang Kemin, 100 people who moved China since the founding of New China: Wu Daguan, 2012.

[3] Zhao Yining, Great Country Project, 2018

[4] Liu Daxiang Jinjie Peng Youmei Hu Xiaoyu, Development Status and Key Technology Analysis of Large Aircraft Engines, 2008.

[5] Liu Daxiang, a historic opportunity for the development of aviation power, 2005.

[6] Han Xinwei, Chen Liangyou, Wu Hao, Countermeasures for Accelerating the Development of Aero-engines in China, 2003.

[7] Wen Junfeng, Brief Introduction and Thinking of Aeroengine Development, World Passenger Aircraft Research and Development, 1998.

[8] Han Rui, Lilac, Brief Introduction and Thinking on the Development of Aeroengines, 2012

[9] Pei Yu, further progress in the "domestic heart" of large aircraft, commissioning of CR929 engine verification machine, 2020

[10] Liu Zhenmin, China aero-engine industry development from the perspective of system innovation, 2019.

Original title: "At the moment of announcing the suspension of research and development, the audience cried" … Now China is no longer afraid of sniping! 》

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　　Hunan Daily, June 5 (all-media reporter Deng Jing Xian) On the morning of the 5th, Zhang Qingwei, secretary of the provincial party committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, came to the provincial emergency command center to visit and express condolences to the cadres and workers on duty during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday and to dispatch and deploy flood control and disaster relief work. He stressed that all departments at all levels in the province should conscientiously implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on flood control and disaster relief, adhere to the principle of putting people first and life first, always tighten the string of preventing floods and resisting major disasters, take the initiative, perform their duties, and ban them, do a solid job in protecting rivers, lakes and An Lan, and ensure the safety of the people, so as to stand up and hold fast in the major test of flood control, disaster reduction and disaster relief, and greet the party’s twentieth victory with practical actions.

　　Provincial leaders Li Dianxun, Wu Guiying, Zhang Yingchun, Nan Xiaogang and Wang Yiou attended the meeting at the scene or via video link.

　　Since June 1st, the strongest rainfall process has occurred in our province after flood season, and the flood control situation is severe and complicated. In the duty room of the provincial emergency command center, Zhang Qingwei, on behalf of the provincial party committee and government, expressed condolences and thanks to the broad masses of party member cadres and masses, officers and men of the armed police force and emergency rescue teams who fought in the front line of flood control and disaster relief. At the flood control consultation and dispatch meeting, Zhang Qingwei listened to the reports of the provincial flood control office, meteorology, water conservancy, natural resources, transportation, electric power, communication, Xiangxi, Huaihua and other relevant departments and cities, learned more about the rain, water, flood and project scheduling in the province, and studied and deployed the flood control, emergency rescue and disaster relief work in the next stage.

　　Zhang Qingwei emphasized that the danger of rain is the command. Wherever it rains and the danger appears, the cadres will be there and our work will be done in a forward-looking way. Party committees and governments at all levels should effectively unify their thoughts and actions with the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, strengthen their vigilance in thinking ahead and their responsibility in doing ahead, overcome their paralyzed thoughts and fluky psychology, "it is better to be on the safe side than to be on the safe side", deploy early, send people early and act early in accordance with the division of responsibilities and work requirements, minimize disaster losses, and resolutely hold the bottom line of no mass casualties. To play the role of flood control emergency command system, flood prevention departments at all levels should take the lead in overall planning and coordination, strengthen consultation and judgment, pay attention to coordination, and strengthen the close cooperation between member units and professional rescue teams. The departments of agriculture, rural areas, civil affairs, development and reform, finance, health, transportation, electric power, communications, etc. should provide necessary support to help the affected areas to resume production and life after the disaster. It is necessary to highlight the key points of defense, do a solid job in urban flood control, flood control of small and medium-sized rivers, investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards of various reservoirs and tailings ponds, and do a good job in disaster prevention in areas where people are concentrated in rural areas, schools, industrial and mining enterprises, construction sites, tourist attractions and so on. It is necessary to strictly implement the responsibility requirements and build a horizontal and vertical flood control responsibility system. Party and government leaders at all levels, especially the main responsible comrades, should stand in the front line and command ahead, accurately grasp the situation, resolutely and decisively make decisions, effectively organize risk avoidance, and quickly respond to emergencies. Never be indecisive and absent-minded, and truly be responsible and conscientious;We should give full play to the role of grassroots party organizations as fighting bastions and the vanguard and exemplary role of party member, and exchange the hard work and dedication of party member cadres for the health and safety of the people. The college entrance examination is coming, and all relevant departments in all localities should make emergency preparations to create a safe environment for the majority of candidates.

CCTV News:In order to further promote the development of the language service industry, expand the export scale of language services and enhance the national language service capacity, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Education and other departments have built a number of language service export bases this year, which have made continuous progress in technology while cultivating language translators.

Liu Junrong is an English translator, majoring in language from undergraduate to graduate. Her first part-time job was not as an English tutor, but as a part-time translator on a language website.

Liu Junrong, an English interpreter in the translation center of a language information technology company in Sichuan;The business volume is very large, and there are many fields and languages. Because I am engaged in English, I chose the social science field that I am interested in, so that I can earn some pocket money and improve my study skills.

JUNG WOO, Product Manager of R&D Center of a Language Information Technology Company in Sichuan:This is the data of our backstage delivery. It can be seen that the delivery volume in the past 30 days is around 7,866 orders, and the delivery time is mainly concentrated from Monday to Friday, and the highest single day may reach more than 300 orders.

This company was recognized as an export base for language services by the Ministry of Commerce this year, with "language talent training and employment" as the core, and actively cooperated with many universities in Sichuan and Chongqing. The overseas income has increased significantly compared with 2020, with more than 3,000 foreign-related orders.

　　　　　　 Zhu Xianchao, Chairman of a Language Information Technology Company in Sichuan:In the future, we will actively expand overseas markets and plan to open branches or offices in Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa and other places to provide more convenient localization services for China enterprises to go overseas and overseas enterprises to invest in China.

Language translation needs not only the cultivation of talents, but also the improvement of technology. In a translation company in Hubei, an English manuscript of about 5,000 words only needs to be uploaded with one click, and each order has a customized translation payment scheme, and the order also relies on big data for intelligent distribution.

Xie Fei, a translator of a translation company in Hubei:Orders can be placed all over the world, because the whole process of this project is automated, so the time will be very short. They split a project into dozens or even hundreds of projects and recommend it to thousands of translators at the same time.

In recent years, with the continuous spread of overseas epidemic, the environment of international trade and cross-border communication has changed, which has a certain impact on the development of interpretation services such as overseas interpreters’ stationing and exhibition services. In the face of sudden challenges, this company chose to persist in continuous research and development in technology and strive to surpass the curve.

He Zhengyu, Dean of the Research Institute of a translation company in Hubei:We are not limited to machine translation, but also introduced AI technology and our own machine translation engine. The amount of data used by the overall vertical engine may have exceeded 1 billion. In this case, the number of projects that one person can trade at the same time will become a lot.

Russian customers of translation platform:The translation of a 200,000-word tender document takes one week in the traditional mode, and this platform can be shortened to less than 24 hours, which will gain more time for our enterprise.

Body double Paper Man 2 is directed by Xu Jun. Liu Mingliang, Xu Jun, Yiya and Gao Wuxiang are screenwriters, and He Yuchen, Ren Zihao, Shan Mingkai, Zhang Yutong, Liu Shuo and Tian Feng lead the thriller, suspense and horror film. The film tells the story of the bizarre death of Wu Dade, a rich gentleman in wujia town, during the Republic of China, and the Wu family courtyard began to suffer bizarre tragedies frequently. The tomb was invaded by strange snakes, but the two sons were frightened by the neon mulberry in their dreams. The youngest daughter Wu Yue mediated among them, and even the housekeeper Lin Chuyi was harassed by the strange actor neon mulberry. With the development of many strange and scary events, the human nature, good and evil and ugliness of the Wu family courtyard will be vividly displayed. The film is expected to land in the national cinema to meet the audience on May 18th, 2024.

The film tells the story of the sudden death of the rich gentry, the children fighting for money, the Wu family courtyard, and frequent mysterious cases!

During the Republic of China, Wu Dade, a rich gentleman in wujia town, suddenly died suddenly at home. Wu Shengcai, the eldest son, and Wu Youdao, the second son, began to compete for family property, and the younger daughter was among them. Because of Wu Dade’s strange and ominous death, the Wu family chose to go to the funeral in the middle of the night, but unexpectedly, the tomb had already been invaded by snakes. The third daughter also saw the infiltration scene of "female ghosts pressing coffins", but at the suggestion of the housekeeper Lin Chuyi, she chose acupoints again and was buried on the seventh day.

But on the seventh day, the Wu compound began to be weird frequently, and one by one, the infiltration and terror incidents occurred one after another. The second son, Wu Youdao, had a dream of encountering a neon mulberry. The eldest son, Wu Shengcai, bumped into his father’s death and came back to life, and was troubled by the terrible love love love. The housekeeper Lin Chuyi was hit by a ghost and woke up to be trapped in Wu Dade’s coffin and went crazy. ……

The snowy night is silent, ghosts are prominent, and paper men drift above the mourning hall. Whether it’s an ulterior motive, or a death wish. Terror, terror and infiltration have always shrouded in the Wu compound, which has become a "haunted house" …

He Yuchen (played by Wu Yue), Ren Zihao (played by Wu Youdao), Shan Mingkai (played by Wu Shengcai), Liu Shuo (played by Lin Chuyi), Tian Feng (played by Wu Dade), Zhang Yutong (played by Nisang female ghost) and many other actors joined in the film.

The film was produced by Zhejiang Liangxiao Wucai Film Co., Ltd., jointly produced by Beijing Qitou Group Co., Ltd., Beijing Liangxiao Wucai Century Film Co., Ltd. and Beijing Weiying Capital Management Co., Ltd., and specially sponsored by Yu Zhangmen and Liu Xiaoli. Ye Jiao, Xu Dongbo, Zhang Zhiyue, Song Ling and Gan Lifeng are the producers. Ye Jiao is the chief producer, Zhang Zhiyue and Huang Jiaxuan are producers, Zhu Ziwen, Niu Xinyun and An Yalong are executive producers, and Li Pengfei is the production director. Xu Jun is the general director, co-director, screenwriter Liu Mingliang, Xu Jun, Yiyi and Gao Wuxiang, executive director Li Xiaobo, photography director Li Jun and Aring Zhang, lighting director Li Fei and production designer Liu Ruifeng, modeling director Li Jing, later director Tu Chenjun, recording director Zhang Lin, actor coordinator Gao Henan and live producer Xiao Xizi. The film was filmed in Hengdian, China Film and Television City, and will land in the national cinema to meet the audience on May 18th next year.

The film was surveyed many times in Hengdian Film and Television City of China and finally filmed. Xu Jun, the early director, led the screenwriter team to carefully construct, polish and perfect the whole story. During the reading period, the main actors and the creative team conducted in-depth study and discussion on the script for many times and made amendments to ensure that the plot was promoted reasonably and the roles were three-dimensional. The director has conducted many technical discussions and studies with the creative departments such as modeling, photography, lighting and post-production, striving to improve the story and texture of the film. The film involves a lot of thrillers, suspense and horror scenes, all of which are carefully completed by the staff of various departments with concerted efforts. Build this sentimental film with more wonderful stories and the most textured pictures.

Here, the M9 has just issued the happy news that it has exceeded 200,000 units in the past 12 months, and there, the M8 can’t wait to show its true meaning. Judging from the spy photos exposed, this M8 test car has no disguise, and the whole front face shape is fully displayed, which generally follows the design of the M9 of the big brother, reflecting the family inheritance. Next, let’s take a look at it with the car brother.

After the spy photos are exposed, we can clearly observe the design details of the boundary M8. The front face is very similar to that of the boundary M9. The flat arc lamp groups on both sides are connected above the nose by a penetrating lamp strip, and the whole headlight group is located below the lamp strip, or equipped with a smart lamp curtain of the same paragraph as the boundary M9. The outer side of the lamp group is connected with the longitudinal air intake, the center of the front of the car is a large-area closed panel, and the trapezoidal lower grille is decorated with chrome trim strips to enhance the sense of luxury and exquisiteness.

The lidar on the roof is a remarkable feature of the car, and other details come down in one continuous line with the car M9, including round and full body lines, flat side windows, chrome-plated decoration, large-size dense silver wheels, etc., which has a visual sense of the car M9 with a small size. The only difference is the door handle, which is not fully hidden, but a semi-hidden design similar to Xiaomi SU7, and its practicability has been improved to some extent.

There is not much suspense in the shape of the rear end, and the through taillight group presents a structure with thin middle and thick sides, which is consistent with the family design. There is a slightly inclined rear windshield and a large spoiler above, and a plurality of horizontal lines are added to the rear enclosure to enhance the visual width and layering.

The interior part can refer to the spy photos exposed before, and is equipped with an integrated triple screen that runs through the center console. HUD heads-up display and star ring scatterers will not be absent. There are no physical buttons in the central channel, and there is a wireless charging panel with dual mobile phones at the front, or equipped with electronic arms.

The power part is speculated to be similar to the M9, which provides extended range and pure electric power. Referring to the M9 model, the extended range version is equipped with a 1. 5T range extender and front and rear dual motors, with a comprehensive power of 365kW；. The pure electric version is equipped with a standard dual-motor four-wheel drive system with a comprehensive power of 390kW.

The positioning of M8 is between M9 and M7, so it is estimated that its price range is 350,000-450,000 yuan, which provides a new choice for consumers who want to buy M9 but have insufficient budget. In terms of competing products, Ideal L8 and L9 are undoubtedly the most direct competitors. In addition, Tengshi N9 and Linke L946, which will be listed soon, will also become potential competing products. Whether the new car can continue the dominance of the world M9 remains to be seen.

Editor/Wen Che

1905 movie network news A few days ago, the latest DC superhero movie giant officially released the world’s first trailer and the first poster. The film is played by the Hollywood superstar "Boulder" as the DC superhero Black Adam, who is both good and evil, and strongly joins the DC movie universe. Former James Bond, sarah shahi, Noah Centineo and other Hollywood actors also joined in, and Starlight Glimmer. Black Adam will be released in North America on October 21st.

Dwayne Douglas Johnson’s debut with all the stars is both positive and evil.　

In the world’s first trailer for "Black Adam", the action scenes are fierce and hot, giving the audience a glimpse of Black Adam’s strength and ruthlessness. Dwayne Douglas Johnson, the "boulder", plays Black Adam with the power of six gods similar to that of Shazam, but different from Shazan’s escape temperament, he has suffered painful spur, which has created a character that is both good and evil now. Destroying or saving the world is only a matter of one thought. The Black Adam in the preview is fierce, powerful and dangerous, which makes people more curious about the plot. In addition, members of the Justice Association, such as Dr. Destiny, played by former James Bond pierce brosnan, who are familiar to China audiences, also appeared in the first trailer, which made people shine.

The world’s first poster is also very cool. The dark color adds a layer of mystery to Black Adam, while the black uniform reflects his strong sense of strength and also reflects his inner pain. Why on earth is his anger burning? What wonderful story will his amazing fighting power detonate? It is worthy of the audience’s expectation.

Hollywood tough guy settled in DC universe, and Black Adam must belong to Dwayne Douglas Johnson.

In the DC universe in recent years, the protagonist of "unconventional" is very dazzling. The Clown and harley quinn have caused quite a stir, and the popular Black Adam’s appearance on the big screen has also attracted much attention. "Dwayne Douglas Johnson", as a superstar today, is also a representative of Hollywood tough guy. He once made great efforts in The Fast and the Furious series and other action movies. This time, he played Black Adam, which satisfied the imagination of comic fans and movie audiences for this DC classic.

Whether Dwayne Douglas Johnson’s tall figure or muscle-bursting, it is like "tailor-made" for Black Adam, and this film has made him devote great efforts all the time. His wonderful performance in the first trailer made countless audiences recognize his previous declaration that "Black Adam is mine". I believe that as the story of Black Adam unfolds, the grand DC superhero universe will become richer and deeper.

"Black Adam" is directed by Dwayne Douglas Johnson and pierce brosnan, the "Stones". The film will be released in North America on October 21st, so stay tuned.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, August 12 (Reporter Kan Feng) The era of "two children in an all-round way" is coming. In the next few years, China’s preschool education resources are bound to face new challenges. According to a survey report released by MyCOS Research Institute recently, the proportion of graduates from China University who are engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years.

　　Market demand release of preschool education

　　— — The employment ratio of "children and preschool education" has increased continuously for five years.

　　This survey on the employment situation of preschool education industry is based on Max’s follow-up survey on the employment situation of China University graduates from 2012 to 2016. The national sample of each graduate is more than 250,000.

　　Based on the employment data of college students from 2012 to 2016, the survey found that the proportion of China college students engaged in "preschool education" has increased for five consecutive years after graduation. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduates engaged in "preschool education" was 0.6%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.4%; In 2012, the proportion of vocational college students engaged in "preschool education" was 0.5%, and in 2016, the proportion rose to 1.7%.

　　The contribution of female college students is indispensable to the growth of preschool education team. According to the survey, in the past five years, the proportion of female students engaged in "preschool education" has increased by 1.2 percentage points, and the proportion of female students in higher vocational colleges has increased by as much as 2 percentage points. Among the graduates of 2016, more than 90% of the college students who joined the preschool education industry are women (undergraduate: 90%, higher vocational college: 94%).

　　Comparatively speaking, the proportion of male college students joining the preschool education team has been relatively stable in the past five years. In 2012, the proportion of undergraduate and vocational college boys engaged in "preschool education" was 0.1%, which increased to 0.3% and 0.2% respectively in 2016.

　　Data Map: Children and teachers in the first branch of experimental kindergarten in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province experience architectural design in the game. Photo by Huang Leizhen

　　The monthly income of undergraduate graduates is 3504 yuan.

　　— —The salary of preschool education industry is not high, but the employment satisfaction is high.

　　The demand for employment is rising, so what is the income of college students entering the preschool education industry?

　　According to Michaels’ survey, from the perspective of employment quality, college graduates engaged in the vocational category of "preschool education" show the characteristics of low income but high job satisfaction.

　　Specifically, among the 2016 undergraduate graduates, the monthly income of the occupational group engaged in "early childhood and preschool education" is 3,504 yuan after half a year’s graduation, which is 872 yuan lower than the national undergraduate average (4,376 yuan); However, the employment satisfaction (67%) is slightly higher than the national undergraduate average (66%).

　　Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges in 2016, they are engaged in the occupational group of "early childhood and preschool education". The monthly income after graduation for half a year is 2,706 yuan, which is 893 yuan lower than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (3,599 yuan). However, the employment satisfaction (68%) is significantly higher than the national average level of higher vocational colleges (63%).

　　According to the survey report, "low income" is the main reason why the graduates in the preschool education industry are dissatisfied with the employment situation. With the expansion of the demand for talents in preschool education industry in the future, more jobs related to preschool education will be opened to college graduates. In order to attract and retain talents, how to optimize the gender ratio and improve the overall employment environment in a targeted manner will be a problem that needs to be considered in the development of the industry.

　　Professional expertise is more popular.

　　— — There is a great demand for English majors in preschool education.

　　The close relationship between the work and the major is another feature of preschool education.

　　According to the above survey, 80% of undergraduate graduates in 2016 are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education", and 74% are engaged in the occupational group of "preschool education" in 2016.

　　Among undergraduate graduates, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, English and musicology respectively. Among the graduates of higher vocational colleges, the top three majors engaged in preschool education and preschool education are preschool education, special education and applied English.

　　According to the report, there is a high correlation between work and major, which shows that the occupational category of "early childhood and preschool education" favors job seekers with "professional expertise". This includes not only graduates from pre-school education majors, but also graduates with professional skills such as art and foreign languages.

　　It can be observed that English majors have appeared in the above-mentioned professions with a high proportion of preschool education, both undergraduates and vocational college students. According to the report, "this can reflect from the side that English education is highly valued in the field of preschool education at present". (End)

　　"focusing on agriculture is the outline of the country." Whether agriculture is strong or not, whether the countryside is beautiful or not, and whether farmers are rich or not, determine the quality of a well-off society in an all-round way and the quality of socialist modernization, and determine the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　When attending the deliberation of the Shandong delegation on March 8, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is a major decision-making arrangement made by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a major historical task for building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and a general starting point for doing a good job in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in the new era. This important exposition provides a fundamental basis for the implementation of rural revitalization.

　　The deputies said that the rural revitalization strategy is the inheritance and development of a series of principles and policies of our party’s work on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and is the ardent expectation of hundreds of millions of farmers. With greater determination, more scientific decision-making and more effective measures, we should promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and jointly write a new chapter on agriculture, rural areas and farmers for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　When the industry is strong, farmers become rich.

　　Representative Yu Anling (Director of Agricultural Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Jining City, Shandong Province)

　　As a representative engaged in the quality supervision and inspection of agricultural products, I deal with fruits and vegetables every day, and I am eager for higher quality development of agriculture, greener and safer agricultural products, increasing added value and more modern and standardized agricultural production.

　　China’s agricultural development is facing problems such as the coexistence of staged oversupply and insufficient supply of agricultural products, and the urgent need to improve the quality of agricultural supply. According to the spirit of the Central Committee, Liangshan County, where I live, proposes to promote the development of modern agriculture. Take the structural reform of agricultural supply side as the main line, increase industrial layout and planning, build six modern agricultural demonstration zones, and promote the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　In the future, we can realize the quality supervision and traceability of the whole chain of edible agricultural products by promoting the convergence mechanism between the origin and market access, and force the agricultural industry to improve the supply quality, achieve higher quality development, and achieve the goal of improving quality and increasing efficiency.

　　(Reporter Xiao Jiaxin finishing)

　　Representative Wang Jinhui (Director of Heilongjiang Agriculture Committee)

　　Promoting high-quality development is the only way for agricultural transformation and upgrading and an important support for rural revitalization. In the past two years, Heilongjiang has persisted in promoting the high-quality development of agriculture. At present, the certified area of green organic food in the province has grown to 76 million mu, with a total physical object of 41 million tons.

　　To promote the high-quality development of agriculture, we must first "plant" high-quality products to achieve good products. We should persist in promoting agriculture by quality and accelerate the development of agricultural products with obvious local supply advantages and strong market demand. The second is to "protect" the environment and achieve good ecology. We should focus on measures such as protecting black land, promoting "three reductions" in agriculture, and comprehensively utilizing agricultural waste, and thoroughly implement the strategy of green agriculture. Once again, it is necessary to "use" various elements to achieve good production capacity. Vigorously carry out joint scientific and technological research, popularize and apply new technologies, develop agricultural machinery extension service system, and focus on promoting agriculture through science and technology, which has been a long-term success. Finally, it is necessary to "integrate" agriculture-related industries and achieve good benefits.

　　(Our reporter Ke Zhongjia finishing)

　　Good rural style, good family style, and pure folk customs.

　　Member Ding Lei (Chairman and CEO of Netease)

　　Cultivating good rural customs is inseparable from quality education. At present, high-quality educational resources are still mainly concentrated in big cities and a few schools. With the rapid development of Internet in China and the progress and upgrading of educational technology, teachers and courseware resources can reach the third, fourth and fifth tier cities and even remote villages. This is of great significance to promote the development of cultural and educational undertakings in China and the improvement of the quality of the whole people, especially the level of rural education.

　　Technological expansion helps to promote educational equity. With the help of Internet platform and technical means, the limitations of traditional education can be broken, so that high-quality educational resources are not limited by time and place and benefit the public to the greatest extent. In the next stage, it is necessary to continue to increase support for areas with backward infrastructure, promote the construction of high-quality online open courses platforms in primary and secondary schools, realize the sharing of educational resources platforms, guide schools and teachers to update their concepts with technological upgrading, improve the curriculum evaluation mechanism and improve the teaching quality.

　　(Reporter Wang Wei finishing)

　　Representative Ding Shizhong (Chairman and CEO of the Board of Directors of Anta Sporting Goods Co., Ltd.)

　　Rural revitalization needs to be combined with "supporting ambition and wisdom" Helping the poor first helps the wisdom, and helping the wisdom first helps the body, so as to realize the synchronous development of body and intelligence. Carrying out "sports to help the poor" in rural areas to help young people keep fit and set up lofty ideals is the meaning of rural revitalization.

　　Our investigation found that the field equipment guarantee and the input of teachers in rural areas still need to be strengthened. There is a single and boring phenomenon in physical education courses, and there is a blank in sports literacy education.

　　In this regard, it is suggested that the government take the lead in introducing specific policies and measures that are conducive to the work of "supporting the body and supporting the wisdom", setting up a special fund for "helping the poor through sports", bringing the development of school physical education courses and sports projects in poor areas into the evaluation scope of schools and education systems, and launching an activity of "exercising for one hour a day" in poor areas to escort "supporting the body and the mind" and relying on sports to "gather people’s hearts and promote poverty alleviation" to stimulate vitality and form.

　　(Reporter Zheng Haiou Shao Yuzi finishing)

　　Whether the countryside is rich or not depends on the Party branch.

　　Representative of Tumen (county magistrate of former Guoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County, Jilin Province)

　　Strengthening the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations and training more outstanding leaders of rural grass-roots party organizations is an important guarantee for realizing rural revitalization. Rural revitalization is a great opportunity for agricultural and rural development in the future. As a major grain producing area in China and a major agricultural county in Jilin Province, the former Guoerluos must strengthen the construction of rural grassroots organizations with the party organization as the core and constantly consolidate the organizational foundation of the Party’s governance in rural grassroots.

　　We should play a guiding role, absorb talents with strong ability to become rich, such as rural entrepreneurs, demobilized soldiers and college graduates, into rural grass-roots organizations, gradually improve their wages and organizational benefits, encourage and guide capable and enthusiastic young people to take root and serve at the grass-roots level, and start businesses at the grass-roots level, so as to build village-level party organizations into a strong fighting fortress for rural revitalization.

　　(Reporter Li Jiading Gu Yekai finishing)

　　Representative Zhao Xiwei (Secretary of the Party Branch of Tongling Village, Miaoling Town, Huarong District, Ezhou City, Hubei Province)

　　In 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Ezhou and gave important instructions on the construction of new countryside. Over the past few years, the people of Ezhou have kept in mind the entrustment, vigorously promoted the construction of beautiful countryside, and made efforts to build an ecological Ezhou. In order to protect liangzi lake, since 2013, Ezhou has focused on sewage collection and treatment, garbage disposal, beautiful countryside transformation and other actions. Through PPP mode, it has explored the cooperation between the government and enterprises, achieved basic coverage of sewage and garbage collection and treatment, and the village has taken on a new look.

　　The train runs fast, thanks to the headband. The village party branch should do a good job in policy propaganda, take the lead in planning, organize the masses to implement, and boldly innovate and reform. We should pay attention to the development of party member among those who can return to the countryside, enrich the Party branch with knowledge and ability, and improve its leadership and service capabilities. It is necessary to further temper the style of cadres and make the branch powerful and appealing.

　　(Reporter Fan Haotian finishing)

　　Cultivate soil experts and introduce college students.

　　Member Yu Liufen (Party Secretary of Yanbo Village, Yunyi Yi Township, Panzhou City, Guizhou Province)

　　Our "people’s wine" is on fire, and other industries are developing better and better. In the final analysis, it depends on the support of talents. Rural revitalization can not be separated from the leadership team with professional knowledge and broad vision. To do a good job in revitalizing talents, we must first clarify the development direction of the village, build a good industrial platform, recruit talents who really need it, and make the best use of them. In order to ensure the quality of products, we invite famous experts from the whole province and even the whole country to come to the village regularly to carry out training; Through the implementation of the "double training and double belt" project, hundreds of college students were guided to come to Yanbo Village for employment; We also provided entrepreneurial skills and practical technical training for the whole village, and trained hundreds of "local experts" and "Tian Xiucai".

　　For Yanbo Village, which is located in a remote mountainous area, talents should not only "come in" but also "stay". Yanbo Village implements special plans such as "attracting talents with an annual salary of 100,000 yuan" and "cultivating local talents in five years", and adopts the method of "holding shares to attract talents" to attract talents to settle down and stay.

　　(Our reporter Xie Yu Cheng Huan finishing)

　　Representative Quan Wang (Secretary of the Party Branch of Beigou Village, Bohai Town, Huairou District, Beijing)

　　With the aging of the population, the number of young and middle-aged migrant workers has increased, and many rural areas will be seriously hollowed out in the future, and talents are urgently needed for development. Rural revitalization needs two kinds of talents most. One is management talents, and the other is professionals. Whether the countryside is rich or not depends on the party branch; Whether the collective is strong or not depends on the leader. Now, it is worthy of recognition that more and more college students return to the countryside to become "village officials" after graduation. The government should give certain funds and policy support, and should also formulate a systematic training plan to continuously transport management talents to the countryside.

　　Workers have the "artisan spirit", and farmers should also have the "peasant spirit" of simplicity, hard work, persistence and innovation. The sugar-roasted chestnuts in Beigou Village are very famous, but the traditional sugar-roasted chestnuts are polluted when they are made. A farmer in Beigou Village developed an environmentally-friendly chestnut roasting machine, founded a brand and opened an online shop. The market has been opened, and the income of farmers has been greatly improved. Rural revitalization is inseparable from talents, and talents can also show their talents and talents in rural areas.

　　(Our reporter Jin Zhengbo finishing)

　　There is blue sky overhead and clear water at the foot.

　　Commissioner Slanima (Director of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department of Xizang Autonomous Region)

　　To implement the requirements of strengthening national unity and building a beautiful Tibet, we must make the countryside beautiful. To build beautiful countryside, we must do a good job in rural garbage and sewage treatment. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, significant progress has been made in the harmless treatment of domestic waste in Xizang Autonomous Region. At present, 104 domestic waste landfills and 89 domestic waste transfer facilities have been built in the whole region; A total of 13 urban sewage treatment plants have been built, with a daily sewage treatment capacity of 295,000 tons and a supporting sewage pipe network length of 245.97 kilometers.

　　The results are good, but the problems are also outstanding. Among the 685 towns and villages in the whole region, 560 towns and villages have not built facilities for harmless treatment of domestic garbage, and 683 towns and villages still have not built sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks. Tibet has a weak economic foundation and limited financial resources. It is suggested that the state should introduce policies to increase investment in the construction projects of harmless treatment facilities, sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks for domestic garbage in Tibet, and support the construction of sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks in counties and towns in Tibet.

　　(Reporter Li Xiang finishing)

　　Representative Yang Jian (Governor of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province)

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has been concerned about the protection and governance of Erhai Lake. The Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government have arranged 600 million yuan of financial funds every year for five consecutive years to support the protection and management of Erhai Lake, and achieved phased results in the past three years, effectively curbing the downward trend of water quality. Last year, the water quality reached Grade II in six months, and there was no large-scale cyanobacteria bloom in the whole year. The aquatic vegetation area of the whole lake reached 32 square kilometers, the largest area in the past 15 years.

　　The protection and management of plateau lakes is a worldwide problem. The ecosystem of Erhai Lake is fragile, and the situation of protection and governance is still grim. In the next step, we will intensify our work, grasp the pollution interception and pollution control project, and realize comprehensive pollution interception and pollution control in the basin; Accelerate the demarcation of "three lines" and implement ecological relocation; Grasp the prevention and control of non-point source pollution and reduce the pollution load into the lake; The measures to promote the long-term system of rivers and lakes have been effective, improving the water quality of rivers entering the lake; Carry out afforestation in the river basin and give full play to the ecological function of the river basin; Pay attention to the emergency treatment of cyanobacteria bloom and improve the ability of cyanobacteria prevention and control.

　　(Reporter Yang Wenming finishing)

　　Prevent "one size fits all" from doing "face work"

　　Representative Chen Piao (Secretary of the General Party Branch and Director of the Village Committee of Muba Village, Yingzhou Town, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province)

　　Hainan has integrated Li and Miao cultural decoration and national totem elements into the reconstruction of rural dilapidated buildings, forming a characteristic village landscape of "one village, one policy, one village, one scene and one village, one rhyme". Some villages that have moved the whole village have developed the old houses in the old village into homesickness museums, and many villages have seen the upsurge of ethnic homestay tourism, which has become a new direction for rural entrepreneurship and income increase.

　　Rural development can not be separated from local customs, and can not be separated from regional characteristics to talk about development. In rural development, special protection should be given to traditional villages, ethnic villages and traditional buildings. Sing with Li singers, experience Li Jin weaving, brew Shanlan wine and learn to cook bamboo rice … … This will not only allow tourists to experience the original Li ethnic customs, but also protect the Li Miao culture in Hainan in a productive way.

　　(Reporter Yan Xu Qi Zhiming finishing)

　　Representative Yang Baoling (Secretary of the General Party Branch of Huzhangzhuang Village, Huaming Street, Dongli District, Tianjin)

　　In the past, Huzhangzhuang village was an out-and-out poor village. Nowadays, we have caught up with the good policies of rural transformation and agricultural transformation, and created a brand of "one village, one product" rose fragrant grapes. Now we are planning the construction of 2000 mu of high-standard farmland and continue to expand the grape industry in Dahuzhangzhuang.

　　In the new era, we should seize the great opportunity of rural revitalization, and we should not engage in "one size fits all" or face-saving projects, let alone think of one thing. Rural construction must identify its own characteristics and do a good job in construction planning that is consistent with local cultural and geographical conditions. In the specific development process, it is necessary to provide conditions for rural urbanization construction, especially public infrastructure construction, through land consolidation, not only to let farmers live in buildings, but also to let them live stably and well.

　　(Reporter Wen Suwei, Zibo finishing)

In 2019, China’s GDP was nearly 100 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%-
10 thousand dollars per capita, amazing

Another giant leap!

On January 17th, the economic data of China in 2019 was released. According to preliminary accounting, China’s GDP in 2019 was 99.0865 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year; According to the annual average exchange rate, the per capita GDP exceeded the $10,000 mark and reached $10,276.

"China’s economic growth has remained between 6% and 7% for 18 consecutive quarters, and the resilience of economic development has continued to show. This not only shows that new progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2019, but also shows that economic development in 2019 provides a solid guarantee for building a well-off society in 2020. " Ning Ji Zhe, director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said at the press conference of the State Council Office.

Ten thousand dollars

Per capita GDP is roughly equivalent to 90% of the world average.

Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, it has grown from poverty to an economy with a volume of nearly 100 billion yuan. "This not only means that China’s economic aggregate is constantly expanding, but also shows that the quality of China’s economic development is steadily improving and people’s lives are continuously improving; It not only laid a solid foundation for achieving a well-off society in an all-round way this year, but also made our due contribution to the development and progress of all mankind, which has important symbolic significance. " Ning Jizhen said.

China’s comprehensive national strength has been further enhanced, and its "financial resources" have become more solid.

In 2019, China’s GDP was close to 100 trillion yuan, reaching 14.4 trillion US dollars according to the annual average exchange rate, ranking second in the world. Looking back at history, it is not easy to earn such a rich family.

In 1952, China’s GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan. In 1986, China’s total economic output exceeded 1 trillion yuan. It took us 37 years to reach the level of 1 trillion yuan from the time when New China was founded. From 1 trillion yuan to 10 trillion yuan in 2000, it took us 14 years; It took us only 19 years from 10 trillion yuan to nearly 100 billion yuan in 2019.

Wang Yuanhong, deputy director of the Economic Forecasting Department of the National Information Center, said that 2020 is the year of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the end of the 13 th Five-Year Plan. China’s comprehensive national strength has been continuously enhanced, and its per capita GDP has been steadily improved, laying a solid foundation for the decisive battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way and fight poverty. "In the long run, this also provides favorable conditions for us to enter the ranks of moderately developed countries."

The number of "10,000 households" in the world has doubled, and China has contributed more.

According to World Bank data, in 2018, the population of economies with a per capita GDP of more than $10,000 was nearly 1.5 billion. As China, with a total population of 1.4 billion, enters the per capita GDP.The rank of $10,000 is equivalent to the doubling of the world population whose per capita GDP exceeds $10,000.

Ning Ji Zhe introduced that in 2019, the proportion of China’s GDP in the world is expected to exceed 16%, and the contribution rate of China’s economic growth to the world’s economic growth is expected to reach about 30%. China is still the locomotive with the strongest motive force for world economic development. China’s per capita GDP ranks among the middle-income countries in the world, and its position in the human development index has further increased.

"The per capita GDP exceeds 10,000 US dollars, which means that our economy is larger, our ability to shape an international development environment more conducive to me is enhanced, and China’s position as the second largest economy in the world is further consolidated. The huge domestic market of 1.4 billion people also provides important opportunities for countries around the world to expand business opportunities. " Xu Wei, Deputy Director of Macroeconomic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said.

Although the gap with high-income countries is narrowing, China is still among the middle-income countries.

Data show that in 1980, China’s per capita GDP was about $300, equivalent to about 12% of the world average; In 2019, according to the current dollar estimate, China’s per capita GDP is roughly equivalent to 90% of the world average.

"Looking at the per capita level, the characteristics of developing countries in China have not fundamentally changed." Wang Yuanhong introduced that from the perspective of investment level, the per capita capital stock of infrastructure in China is only 20%-30% of that of developed countries. From the perspective of consumption structure, the Engel coefficient of Chinese residents’ consumption in 2019 is 28.2%, which is still higher than the level of developed countries, indicating that China people still need to spend a large proportion to meet their basic needs such as food and clothing.

Xu Wei also said that China is still far from the threshold of high-income countries and needs to concentrate on promoting high-quality development.

6.1%

The economic growth rate is among the best in the world’s major economies.

Last year, China’s economic growth rate was 6.1%, which was in line with the expected target of 6%-6.5% put forward at the beginning of the year, ranking first among economies with more than 1 trillion US dollars.

Ning Ji Zhe introduced that in 2019, the economic growth rate of the United States was about 2.3%, that of Japan and the euro zone was slightly higher than 1%, and that of India was over 5%. "China’s 6.1% is significantly higher than the global economic growth rate and ranks among the best in the world’s major economies."

This 6.1% gold content is not low.

The "food basket" was stable and the overall price remained stable. In 2019, the consumer price (CPI) rose by 2.9% over the previous year, which was in line with the expected target of around 3% proposed at the beginning of the year. The core CPI excluding food and energy increased by 1.6% compared with the previous year, and the growth rate dropped from the previous year.

The "rice bowl" is strong and the quality of employment has improved significantly. In 2019, the monthly national urban survey unemployment rate was between 5.0% and 5.3%, which was lower than the expected target of around 5.5% proposed at the beginning of the year. In December, the national urban unemployment rate was 5.2%, and 13.52 million new jobs were created in cities and towns throughout the year, which was significantly higher than the annual expected target of more than 11 million, and it has remained above 13 million for the seventh consecutive year.

"Pocket" drum, the income of the people increased steadily. Last year, the per capita disposable income of China residents exceeded 30,000 yuan for the first time, reaching 30,733 yuan. While the income growth is basically synchronized with the economic growth, and is roughly equal to the per capita GDP growth, the per capita disposable income of rural residents has actually increased by 6.2%, which continues to be faster than that of urban residents, and the income gap between urban and rural residents has narrowed.

"Income determines consumption, and per capita disposable income continues to increase, which means the continuous expansion of consumption scale in China, the continuous promotion of consumption upgrading, and the continuous optimization of economic structure." Wang Yuanhong said.

Last year, the role of consumption as the "main engine" of economic growth was further consolidated, and the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth was 57.8%, which was 26.6 percentage points higher than the total capital formation. In the annual per capita consumption expenditure of national residents, service consumption expenditure accounted for 45.9%, up 1.7 percentage points over the previous year.

"As long as the income of residents can maintain such growth, a populous country is a super-large-scale market with sustained purchasing power, and its economic operation will be more resilient, which will not only better solve the problem of insufficient imbalance in development, but also provide important support for building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way." Wang Yuanhong said.

11.09 million people

Last year, the number of poor people in rural areas continued to decrease, with more than 10 million people lifted out of poverty for seven consecutive years.

A steady and progressive report card is hard to come by.

Since last year, the unstable and uncertain factors in the world economy have obviously increased, the risk challenges at home and abroad have obviously increased, and the downward pressure on China’s economy has increased. Faced with such a complicated situation, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core is far-sighted, size up the situation, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, maintain strategic strength and act positively, turn external pressure into a powerful driving force for deepening reform and opening up, and concentrate on doing its own thing well.

—— In 2019, the "six stabilities" work was solidly promoted, and the high-quality development hoof was steady.

"In the past year, the’ six stabilities’ have achieved remarkable results, and the economic growth rate of 6.1% is remarkable. Moreover, China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. We do not deliberately pursue economic growth, but pursue a reasonable growth rate with quality and efficiency. " Ning Jizhen said.

The industrial structure is upgrading. In 2019, the added value of service industry increased by 6.9% over the previous year, 1.2 percentage points faster than that of the secondary industry, accounting for 53.9% of GDP, which is an important stabilizer for economic growth.

The gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing. At the end of 2019, the proportion of urban resident population in China exceeded 60% of the total population for the first time, reaching 60.6%, which is a landmark data for China’s industrialization and urbanization.

The innovation drive is stronger. Chang ‘e landed on the back of the moon, Snow Dragon 2 made its maiden voyage to the South Pole, and the commercial launch of 5G was accelerated … In 2019, about 20,000 enterprises were born every day in China, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population reached 13.3. Innovative achievements are pouring out, and China climbed to 14th place in the global innovation index rankings.

—— In 2019, key progress was made in the three major battles, laying a solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way.

Poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results. In 2019, there were about 340 poverty-stricken counties in China, and 11.09 million rural poor people were lifted out of poverty, with more than 10 million people lifted out of poverty for seven consecutive years.

The ecological environment continued to improve. Last year, the average number of excellent days of air quality in 337 cities at prefecture level and above was 82%, the proportion of grade I-III water quality sections of surface water increased by 3.9 percentage points over the previous year, and the proportion of grade V was decreased by 3.3 percentage points.

Financial risks are controllable. In 2019, China’s macro leverage ratio was basically stable, while the micro leverage ratio declined steadily. At the end of November, the national local government debt balance was 21.3 trillion yuan, which was controlled within the limit approved by the National People’s Congress. Prevent and resolve major risks and achieve positive results.

"The basic trend of China’s stable economy and long-term improvement has not changed." Ning Ji Zhe said, "As long as we give full play to our advantages and overcome difficulties, hope is always more than difficulties. I believe that China’s economy will be able to cope with the risk challenges and continue to forge ahead! (Reporter Lu Yanan)

　　A few days ago, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Notice on Adjusting the Basic Pension for Retirees in 2018, which clearly stated that from January 1, 2018, the pension for retirees of enterprises, institutions and institutions will be raised according to the standard of about 5% of the overall level. It is estimated that 114 million retirees will benefit from this.

　　How to determine the increase

　　From 2005 to 2017, China has raised the basic pension for enterprise retirees for 13 consecutive years, raising the monthly basic pension level for enterprise retirees from more than 700 yuan to about 2,500 yuan in 2017. Among them, in 2016 and 2017, unified arrangements were made and the basic pensions for retirees of enterprises, institutions and institutions were adjusted simultaneously.

　　Jin Weigang, president of the Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security, said that the overall adjustment level of about 5% is a prudent decision made by the state to continuously meet the people’s growing needs for a better life and take into account the long-term sustainable development of the old-age insurance system. "The level of pension adjustment is mainly determined by factors such as the average wage increase of employees, rising prices, and the ability of fund support".

　　Judging from the actual situation, after years of reform and opening up, China’s economic development has entered a new normal, which has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The economic growth rate has slowed down, the average wage of employees has increased steadily, and the price increase has been slightly lower than the same period of last year. At the same time, the number of people receiving basic pensions is increasing, coupled with the accelerated development of the aging population, the dependency ratio of the number of people paying fees to the number of people receiving treatment is declining, the burden of providing for the aged is getting heavier and heavier, and the pressure on the income and expenditure of the endowment insurance fund is increasing.

　　"Adjusting the treatment of retirees by about 5% and appropriately slowing down the growth rate of pensions will not only do our best, but also do what we can. On the basis of ensuring the basic life of retirees, it has realized that the majority of retirees can share the fruits of economic and social development appropriately, which is conducive to better protecting the long-term rights and interests of retirees and making people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security more substantial, more secure and more sustainable. " Jin Weigang thinks.

　　If you pay more, you will get more.

　　Jin Weigang particularly emphasized that the adjustment level of "about 5%" is the overall per capita level of the adjustment of the treatment of all retirees in enterprises, institutions and institutions. It is not that retirees in enterprises and institutions are based on their respective per capita pension levels, and they are all adjusted according to the ratio of 5%, and not every retiree increases his pension by 5%.

　　First of all, this year’s adjustment will continue to adhere to the principle of "merging", and the adjustment methods are basically the same as those in 2016 and 2017. Enterprises, institutions and institutions will uniformly implement the adjustment method of "combining quota adjustment, hook adjustment and appropriate tilt": quota adjustment reflects social fairness, and the adjustment standards for all types of retirees in the same region are basically the same; The adjustment of the hook reflects the incentive mechanism of "paying more and getting more" and "paying more for a long time", so that those who pay more and pay more for a long time can get more pensions; Appropriate tilt reflects the key concern, mainly for the elderly retirees and retirees in hard and remote areas and other groups to take care of. "This adjustment method can properly adjust the income gap of retirees, reflecting the principle that redistribution pays more attention to fairness." Jin Weigang said.

　　At the same time, due to the differences in the level of economic development and the basic situation of retirees in different regions, there may be some differences in the specific adjustment methods between regions, enterprises and institutions. Specific to each retiree, there will be some differences in the actual increase and adjustment level due to different payment years and pension levels. Generally speaking, the absolute amount of the basic pension will be relatively high for those who have a long service life and a high level of payment wages.

　　"The adjustment time will start from January 1, 2018." Jin Weigang said that due to the differences in local conditions, the time for adjusting the payment of pensions in various places may be fast or slow, but in short, the increased pensions will be paid to retirees as soon as possible.

　　Take multiple measures to deal with the pressure of pension payment

　　Chu Fuling, director of the Social Security Research Center of the Central University of Finance and Economics, pointed out that in order to cope with the future pension payment pressure, the state has taken various measures: First, it has established a national social security strategic reserve fund with a current market value of 2 trillion yuan, which can be used to supplement the basic old-age insurance fund for employees in the future to alleviate the pension payment pressure brought about by aging; Second, the investment mechanism of the basic endowment insurance fund for employees has been established, and efforts have been made to maintain and increase the value of the endowment insurance fund; The third is to allocate part of state-owned capital to make up for the cost of pension insurance transformation for the "old people" and "middle people"; Fourth, governments at all levels should bear the responsibility of paying pensions in full and on time according to law, and enhance the credibility of the system.

　　"In short, the framework of China’s endowment insurance system is becoming more and more perfect, and the operation of endowment insurance funds is generally stable. By deepening reforms and taking multiple measures, the sustained and healthy development of China’s endowment insurance industry can be realized." Yan Fuling said.

　　(Reporter Qiu Wei)